Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCLX0OX)

• Drug Combination Name: Phenprocoumon + Pentamidine
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Phenprocoumon (DMDO279): Small molecular drug
  Pentamidine (DMHZJCG): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 11.66
  Bliss Independence Score: 11.66
  Loewe Additivity Score: 28.14
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 28.16

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Phenprocoumon

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Myocardial infarction	BA41-BA43	Approved	[2]
Thrombosis	DB61-GB90	Approved	[3]
Venous thromboembolism	BD72	Investigative	[2]

Phenprocoumon Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1)	TTEUC8H	VKOR1_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[8]

Phenprocoumon Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]

Phenprocoumon Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]

Phenprocoumon Interacts with 1 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Heat shock factor protein 1 (HSF1)	OTYNJ4KP	HSF1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]

Indication(s) of Pentamidine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
African trypanosomiasis	1F51	Approved	[4]
Fungal infection	1F29-1F2F	Approved	[5]
Pneumocystis pneumonia	CA40.20	Approved	[4]
Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Withdrawn from market	[6]

Pentamidine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Tryptase alpha/beta-1 (Tryptase)	TTM1TDX	TRYB1_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[14]

Pentamidine Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTT79CX	S22A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]

Pentamidine Interacts with 6 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)	DEGTFWK	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Metabolism	[17]

Pentamidine Interacts with 26 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[18]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	OTZJC802	CP2D6_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[18]
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)	OTFMJYYE	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[18]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	OTGLBN29	CP2C9_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[18]
Nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1)	OT4FU8C0	NUPR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (SERPINA3)	OT9BP2S0	AACT_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Serine protease hepsin (HPN)	OT7QNA61	HEPS_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver (FABP1)	OTR34ETM	FABPL_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Asparagine synthetase (ASNS)	OT8R922G	ASNS_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 (SLC2A3)	OT2HZK5M	GTR3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Lanosterol synthase (LSS)	OT9W2SFH	LSS_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Inhibin beta E chain (INHBE)	OTOI2NYG	INHBE_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 (NR0B2)	OT7UVICX	NR0B2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 4 (FNDC4)	OTOQK0WK	FNDC4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Protein DEPP1 (DEPP1)	OTB36PHJ	DEPP1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Nibrin (NBN)	OT73B5MD	NBN_HUMAN	Affects Localization	[19]
Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B)	OT0DWXXB	IL1B_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[20]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain (HLA-DQB1)	OTVVI3UI	DQB1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[21]
Interferon gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1)	OTCTQBWW	INGR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Histone H2AX (H2AX)	OT18UX57	H2AX_HUMAN	Affects Localization	[19]
Double-strand break repair protein MRE11 (MRE11)	OTGU8TZM	MRE11_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[19]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[23]
Serine-protein kinase ATM (ATM)	OTQVOHLT	ATM_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[19]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	OTYXFLSD	CP1B1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[24]
Histone acetyltransferase KAT5 (KAT5)	OTL7257A	KAT5_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[19]
Bile acid receptor (NR1H4)	OTWZLPTB	NR1H4_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[25]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] Phenprocoumon FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6839).
• [4] Pentamidine FDA Label
• [5] Opportunities and challenges in antiparasitic drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Sep;4(9):727-40.
• [6] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [7] VKORC1 and VKORC1L1 have distinctly different oral anticoagulant dose-response characteristics and binding sites. Blood Adv. 2018 Mar 27;2(6):691-702.
• [8] [Oral anticoagulation and pharmacogenetics: importance in the clinical setting]. Rev Med Suisse. 2007 Sep 12;3(124):2030, 2033-4, 2036.
• [9] Role of P-glycoprotein in the uptake/efflux transport of oral vitamin K antagonists and rivaroxaban through the Caco-2 cell model. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013 Oct;113(4):259-65.
• [10] Identification of cytochromes P450 2C9 and 3A4 as the major catalysts of phenprocoumon hydroxylation in vitro. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 May;60(3):173-82.
• [11] Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2C9 causing reduced phenprocoumon (S)-7-hydroxylation in vitro and in vivo. Xenobiotica. 2004 Sep;34(9):847-59.
• [12] A Gene Expression Biomarker Predicts Heat Shock Factor 1 Activation in a Gene Expression Compendium. Chem Res Toxicol. 2021 Jul 19;34(7):1721-1737. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00510. Epub 2021 Jun 25.
• [13] A toxicogenomic approach to drug-induced phospholipidosis: analysis of its induction mechanism and establishment of a novel in vitro screening system. Toxicol Sci. 2005 Feb;83(2):282-92.
• [14] Inhibitors of tryptase for the treatment of mast cell-mediated diseases. Curr Pharm Des. 1998 Oct;4(5):381-96.
• [15] Transport of dicationic drugs pentamidine and furamidine by human organic cation transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Feb;37(2):424-30.
• [16] Identification of human cytochrome P(450)s that metabolise anti-parasitic drugs and predictions of in vivo drug hepatic clearance from in vitro data. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;59(5-6):429-42.
• [17] Value of preemptive CYP2C19 genotyping in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients considered for pentamidine administration. Clin Transplant. 2011 May-Jun;25(3):E271-5.
• [18] Application of higher throughput screening (HTS) inhibition assays to evaluate the interaction of antiparasitic drugs with cytochrome P450s. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Jan;29(1):30-5.
• [19] Bisbenzamidine derivative, pentamidine represses DNA damage response through inhibition of histone H2A acetylation. Mol Cancer. 2010 Feb 9;9:34. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-34.
• [20] Profiling the immunotoxicity of chemicals based on in vitro evaluation by a combination of the Multi-ImmunoTox assay and the IL-8 Luc assay. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Jun;92(6):2043-2054. doi: 10.1007/s00204-018-2199-7. Epub 2018 Mar 29.
• [21] Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 May 18;28(5):927-34. doi: 10.1021/tx5005248. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
• [22] Antileishmanial drugs cause up-regulation of interferon-gamma receptor 1, not only in the monocytes of visceral leishmaniasis cases but also in cultured THP1 cells. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2003 Apr;97(3):245-57. doi: 10.1179/000349803235001714.
• [23] Identification of human Ether--go-go related gene modulators by three screening platforms in an academic drug-discovery setting. Assay Drug Dev Technol. 2010 Dec;8(6):727-42. doi: 10.1089/adt.2010.0331.
• [24] Association of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inhibition in in vitro assays with drug-induced liver injury. J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(4):167-176. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.167.
• [25] Investigation of imatinib and other approved drugs as starting points for antidiabetic drug discovery with FXR modulating activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Jun 15;83(12):1674-81. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.02.027. Epub 2012 Mar 7.