Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCXJ8VV)

• Drug Combination Name: Dronedarone + Emetine
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Dronedarone (DMA8FS5): Small molecular drug
  Emetine (DMCT2YF): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 2.3
  Bliss Independence Score: 2.3
  Loewe Additivity Score: 4.41
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 4.41

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Dronedarone

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[2]
Atrial fibrillation	BC81.3	Withdrawn from market	[2]

Dronedarone Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5 (KCNA5)	TTW0CMT	KCNA5_HUMAN	Blocker	[4]
Potassium channel unspecific (KC)	TT1VOHK	NOUNIPROTAC	Inhibitor	[5]

Dronedarone Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[6]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]

Dronedarone Interacts with 21 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	OTZJC802	CP2D6_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[9]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	OTSXFBXB	CP3A5_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[9]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2)	OTIWXGZ9	SODM_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha (TOP2A)	OT6LPS08	TOP2A_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)	OT7EP05T	CDK4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Histone H2AX (H2AX)	OT18UX57	H2AX_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[9]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1)	OT8HPTKJ	CCND1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)	OTB5DYYZ	CDK2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 (CCND3)	OTNKPQ22	CCND3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[10]
Caspase-7 (CASP7)	OTAPJ040	CASP7_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[10]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6)	OTR95N0X	CDK6_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	OTYXFLSD	CP1B1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	OTE4EFH8	CP1A1_HUMAN	Increases Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)	OTFMJYYE	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Increases Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	OTHQ17JG	CP2E1_HUMAN	Increases Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)	OTOYO4S7	CP2B6_HUMAN	Increases Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7)	OTTCDHHM	CP3A7_HUMAN	Increases Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2C18 (CYP2C18)	OTY687L9	CP2CI_HUMAN	Increases Metabolism	[9]

Indication(s) of Emetine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Hepatitis virus infection	1E50-1E51	Approved	[3]

Emetine Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]

Emetine Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[15]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[15]

Emetine Interacts with 15 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK)	OT9QIHEQ	RECK_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1)	OTV5XHVH	TGFB1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]
N-myc proto-oncogene protein (MYCN)	OTWD33K1	MYCN_HUMAN	Increases Degradation	[18]
72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP2)	OT5NIWA2	MMP2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (IL6R)	OTCQL07Z	IL6RA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[19]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
C-C motif chemokine 3 (CCL3)	OTW2H3ND	CCL3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT)	OTMTP2Z7	TAU_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[20]
C-C motif chemokine 4 (CCL4)	OT6B8P25	CCL4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5)	OTSCA5CK	CCL5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9)	OTB2QDAV	MMP9_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[16]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[16]

References

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• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7465).
• [3] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [4] New antiarrhythmic agents for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 May;10(2):311-22.
• [5] Antibodies and venom peptides: new modalities for ion channels. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019 May;18(5):339-357.
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• [7] Effect of dronedarone on the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol following oral administration to rats. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2018 Jan 1;111:13-19.
• [8] Inactivation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 and 3A5 by dronedarone and N-desbutyl dronedarone. Mol Pharmacol. 2016 Jan;89(1):1-13.
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• [11] Five novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP2C8 gene, one of which induces a frame-shift. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2002;17(4):374-7. doi: 10.2133/dmpk.17.374.
• [12] Association of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inhibition in in vitro assays with drug-induced liver injury. J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(4):167-176. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.167.
• [13] Cell-based and cytokine-directed chemical screen to identify potential anti-multiple myeloma agents. Leuk Res. 2010 Jul;34(7):917-24. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.12.002. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
• [14] Potential role of drug transporters in the pathogenesis of medically intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005 Feb;46(2):224-35.
• [15] Metabolism of ipecac alkaloids cephaeline and emetine by human hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450s, and their inhibitory effects on P450 enzyme activities. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001 Jun;24(6):678-82.
• [16] Emetine inhibits migration and invasion of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells via regulation of ERK and p38 signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Dec 5;242:25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.014. Epub 2015 Aug 30.
• [17] Identification and Profiling of Environmental Chemicals That Inhibit the TGF/SMAD Signaling Pathway. Chem Res Toxicol. 2019 Dec 16;32(12):2433-2444. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00228. Epub 2019 Nov 11.
• [18] IGF2BP1 induces neuroblastoma via a druggable feedforward loop with MYCN promoting 17q oncogene expression. Mol Cancer. 2023 May 29;22(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s12943-023-01792-0.
• [19] Apoptosis induces Bcl-XS and cleaved Bcl-XL in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Feb 18;405(3):480-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.057. Epub 2011 Jan 20.
• [20] Pharmacologic reductions of total tau levels; implications for the role of microtubule dynamics in regulating tau expression. Mol Neurodegener. 2006 Jul 26;1:6. doi: 10.1186/1750-1326-1-6.