Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCY42UE)

• Drug Combination Name: Hydroxyflutamide + Idarubicin
• Indication: Glioblastoma?; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Hydroxyflutamide (DMGIZF5): Small molecular drug
  Idarubicin (DMM0XGL): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: T98G
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 11.53
  Bliss Independence Score: 11.53
  Loewe Additivity Score: 14.87
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 14.87

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Hydroxyflutamide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Prostate cancer	2C82.0	Approved	[2]

Hydroxyflutamide Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Androgen receptor (AR)	TTS64P2	ANDR_HUMAN	Antagonist	[5]

Hydroxyflutamide Interacts with 15 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Androgen receptor (AR)	OTUBKAZZ	ANDR_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[6]
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (RAF1)	OT51LSFO	RAF1_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[7]
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase (CYP17A1)	OTZKVLVJ	CP17A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[8]
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial (CYP11A1)	OT2NV3AN	CP11A_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Prostate-specific antigen (KLK3)	OTFGSBFJ	KLK3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Beta-microseminoprotein (MSMB)	OTYORAJC	MSMB_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Prolactin-inducible protein (PIP)	OTH719AH	PIP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Cadherin-1 (CDH1)	OTFJMXPM	CADH1_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[7]
Plastin-2 (LCP1)	OTK61F2A	PLSL_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 (SRD5A1)	OTQRET2B	S5A1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Cadherin-2 (CDH2)	OTH0Y56P	CADH2_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[7]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Affects Phosphorylation	[7]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Affects Phosphorylation	[7]
Catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1)	OTZ932A3	CTNB1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[7]
Splicing factor 1 (SF1)	OTLEDM2S	SF01_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]

Indication(s) of Idarubicin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[3]
Acute myeloid leukaemia	2A60	Approved	[4]
Adult acute monocytic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[3]

Idarubicin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2)	TT0IHXV	TOP2A_HUMAN; TOP2B_HUMAN	Modulator	[11]

Idarubicin Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1)	DTSYQGK	MRP1_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]

Idarubicin Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[14]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[14]

Idarubicin Interacts with 9 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR1)	OTKLU61J	ESR1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)	OTC1W6UX	HMOX1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Androgen receptor (AR)	OTUBKAZZ	ANDR_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[10]
Natriuretic peptides B (NPPB)	OTSN2IPY	ANFB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)	OTHMARHO	PPARG_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[17]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD)	OTI4WTOP	PPARD_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[18]
Bile acid receptor (NR1H4)	OTWZLPTB	NR1H4_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2862).
• [3] Idarubicin FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7083).
• [5] Drug insight: role of the androgen receptor in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2007 Apr;4(4):236-44.
• [6] TBECH, 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2 dibromoethyl) cyclohexane, alters androgen receptor regulation in response to mutations associated with prostate cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2016 Sep 15;307:91-101. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.07.018. Epub 2016 Jul 27.
• [7] Anti-androgen 2-hydroxyflutamide modulates cadherin, catenin and androgen receptor phosphorylation in androgen-sensitive LNCaP and androgen-independent PC3 prostate cancer cell lines acting via PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways. Toxicol In Vitro. 2017 Apr;40:324-335. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.01.019. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
• [8] Androgen receptor modulation following combination exposure to brominated flame-retardants. Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 19;8(1):4843. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23181-0.
• [9] Regulation of GCDFP-15 expression in human mammary cancer cells. Int J Mol Med. 1999 Aug;4(2):135-40. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.4.2.135.
• [10] Quantitative high-throughput profiling of environmental chemicals and drugs that modulate farnesoid X receptor. Sci Rep. 2014 Sep 26;4:6437. doi: 10.1038/srep06437.
• [11] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [12] Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
• [13] Amonafide L-malate is not a substrate for multidrug resistance proteins in secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2008 Nov;22(11):2110-5.
• [14] In vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions between cytarabine, idarubicin, itraconazole and caspofungin. Hematology. 2004 Jun;9(3):217-21.
• [15] A Quantitative Approach to Screen for Nephrotoxic Compounds In Vitro. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Apr;27(4):1015-28. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2015010060. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
• [16] The use of biochemical markers in cardiotoxicity monitoring in patients treated for leukemia. Neoplasma. 2005;52(5):430-4.
• [17] The induction of apoptosis by daunorubicin and idarubicin in human trisomic and diabetic fibroblasts. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2008;13(2):182-94. doi: 10.2478/s11658-007-0045-7. Epub 2008 Apr 10.
• [18] Refining the human iPSC-cardiomyocyte arrhythmic risk assessment model. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):581-94. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft205. Epub 2013 Sep 19.