Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Interaction Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DM0YJSB)

• Drug Name: Enflurane Drug Info
• Synonyms: Alyrane; Efrane; Enflurano; Enfluranum; Enfran; Enlirane; Ethrane; Etran; Methylflurether; Abbott Brand of Enflurane; AstraZeneca Brand of Enflurane; Baxter Anaesthesia Brand of Enflurane; Pisa Brand of Enflurane; Zeneca Brand of Enflurane; Anesthetic 347; C 347; OHIO 347; Anesthetic Compound No. 347; Enflurane [Anaesthetics,volatile]; Enflurano [INN-Spanish]; Enfluranum [INN-Latin]; Ethrane (TN); Enflurane (JP15/USP/INN); Enflurane [USAN:BAN:INN:JAN]; Ether, 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl; (+-)-2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether; 2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether; 2-Chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2-trifluoroethane

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[1] , [2]

• Therapeutic Class: Anesthetics
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 3226
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:4792
  CAS Number: CAS 13838-16-9
  TTD Drug ID: DM0YJSB
  INTEDE Drug ID: DR0579

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Folic acid	DMEMBJC	Folate-deficiency anemia	3A02.Y	Approved	[6]
Cisplatin	DMRHGI9	Solid tumour/cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[7]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[8]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Pain	MG30-MG3Z	Approved	[9]
Etoposide	DMNH3PG	Solid tumour/cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[10]
Oxaliplatin	DMQNWRD	Colorectal cancer	2B91.Z	Approved	[11]
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[12]
Estrone	DM5T6US	Menopausal and postmenopausal disorder	GA30	Approved	[13]
Propofol	DMB4OLE	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[14]
Ethanol	DMDRQZU	Chronic pain	MG30	Approved	[15]

Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2F1 (CYP2F1)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Phenol	DM1QSM3	N. A.	N. A.	Phase 2/3	[16]

Drug(s) Targeting Glutamate receptor AMPA (GRIA)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Halothane	DM80OZ5	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[17]
E-2007	DMJDYNQ	Diabetic neuropathy	8C0Z	Approved	[18]
Zopiclone	DMPI6Z0	Insomnia	7A00-7A0Z	Approved	[19]
Sevoflurane	DMC9O43	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[20]
Isoflurane	DMY6T31	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[21]
Bromazepam	DMY9TCW	Anxiety disorder	6B00-6B0Z	Approved	[22]
Artemisinin SP	DMFETDK	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[23]
Dihydroergotoxine	DM5D6WZ	Alzheimer disease	8A20	Approved	[24]
Barbiturate	DMJIA6T	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[25]
Fospropofol disodium	DMKLJRD	Monitored anaesthesia care	N.A.	Approved	[26]

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Glutamate receptor AMPA (GRIA)	TTAN6JD	NOUNIPROTAC	Suppressor	[3]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) Main DME	DEVDYN7	CP2E1_HUMAN	Substrate	[4]
Cytochrome P450 2F1 (CYP2F1)	DED5AT3	CP2F1_HUMAN	Substrate	[5]

References

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• [2] FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 074396.
• [3] Enflurane directly depresses glutamate AMPA and NMDA currents in mouse spinal cord motor neurons independent of actions on GABAA or glycine receptors. Anesthesiology. 2000 Oct;93(4):1075-84.
• [4] Stereoselective metabolism of enflurane by human liver cytochrome P450 2E1. Drug Metab Dispos. 1995 Dec;23(12):1426-30.
• [5] Clinical enflurane metabolism by cytochrome P450 2E1. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Apr;55(4):434-40.
• [6] Chronic ethanol feeding and folate deficiency activate hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in micropigs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2005 Jul;289(1):G54-63.
• [7] Cytochrome P450 2E1 null mice provide novel protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and apoptosis. Kidney Int. 2003 May;63(5):1687-96.
• [8] Genotoxicity of tamoxifen, tamoxifen epoxide and toremifene in human lymphoblastoid cells containing human cytochrome P450s. Carcinogenesis. 1994 Jan;15(1):5-9.
• [9] Acetaminophen induced acute liver failure via oxidative stress and JNK activation: protective role of taurine by the suppression of cytochrome P450 2E1. Free Radic Res. 2010 Mar;44(3):340-55.
• [10] A study on the metabolism of etoposide and possible interactions with antitumor or supporting agents by human liver microsomes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Sep;286(3):1294-300.
• [11] The influence of metabolic gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in Chinese coke oven workers. Sci Total Environ. 2007 Aug 1;381(1-3):38-46.
• [12] Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
• [13] Novel metabolic pathway of estrone and 17beta-estradiol catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):110-2.
• [14] Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 by propofol in human and porcine liver microsomes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 Oct 1;64(7):1151-6.
• [15] CYP2E1 and clinical features in alcoholics. Neuropsychobiology. 2003;47(2):86-9.
• [16] Cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in the metabolism of phenol, a benzene metabolite. Toxicol Lett. 2001 Dec 15;125(1-3):117-23.
• [17] Reduced inhibition of cortical glutamate and GABA release by halothane in mice lacking the K+ channel, TREK-1. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Nov;152(6):939-45.
• [18] Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013 Feb;12(2):87-90.
• [19] Eszopiclone: its use in the treatment of insomnia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2007 Aug;3(4):441-453.
• [20] Effects of sevoflurane on carrageenan- and fentanyl-induced pain hypersensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Can J Anaesth. 2009 Feb;56(2):126-35.
• [21] Transmembrane residues define the action of isoflurane at the GABAA receptor alpha-3 subunit. Brain Res. 2005 Jan 25;1032(1-2):30-5.
• [22] Glutamatergic and GABAergic modulations of ultrasonic vocalizations during maternal separation distress in mouse pups. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 May;204(1):61-71.
• [23] GABA(A) receptor ligands and their therapeutic potentials. Curr Top Med Chem. 2002 Aug;2(8):817-32.
• [24] Pharmacologic management of Alzheimer disease, Part II: Antioxidants, antihypertensives, and ergoloid derivatives. Ann Pharmacother. 1999 Feb;33(2):188-97.
• [25] Anaesthetic drugs: linking molecular actions to clinical effects. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(28):3665-79.
• [26] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015