General Information of Drug (ID: DMHDF7B)

Drug Name
Thiamylal
Synonyms
Surital; Thioquinalbarbitone; Thioseconal; Thiamylal [USAN]; Surital (TN); Barbituric acid, 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thio-(VAN); Barbituric acid, 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thio-(VAN) (8CI); Dihydro-5-(1-methylbutyl)-5-(2-propenyl)-2-thioxo-4,6(1H,5H)-pyrimidinedione; Dihydro-5-(1-methylbutyl)-5-(2-propenyl)-2-thioxo-4,6-(1H,5H)-pyrimidinedione; 4,6(1H,5H)-Pyrimidinedione, dihydro-5-(1-methylbutyl)-5-(2-propenyl)-2-thioxo-(9CI); 5-(pentan-2-yl)-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2-sulfanylidenedihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione; 5-Allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thiobarbituric acid; 5-Allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thiobarbitursaeure; 5-Allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thioxodihydro-4,6(1H,5H)-pyrimidinedione; 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione; 5-pentan-2-yl-5-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [1], [2]
Therapeutic Class
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 254.35
Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp) 3.2
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 3
ADMET Property
Absorption
The drug is rapidly absorbed [3]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 14.3 hours [4]
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via the hepatic [3]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C12H18N2O2S
IUPAC Name
5-pentan-2-yl-5-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
Canonical SMILES
CCCC(C)C1(C(=O)NC(=S)NC1=O)CC=C
InChI
InChI=1S/C12H18N2O2S/c1-4-6-8(3)12(7-5-2)9(15)13-11(17)14-10(12)16/h5,8H,2,4,6-7H2,1,3H3,(H2,13,14,15,16,17)
InChIKey
XLOMZPUITCYLMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
3032285
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:9536
CAS Number
77-27-0
DrugBank ID
DB01154
TTD ID
D06NSA
INTEDE ID
DR1579

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
GABA(A) receptor gamma-3 (GABRG3) TTEX6LM GBRG3_HUMAN Modulator [5]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Substrate [6]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) DEVDYN7 CP2E1_HUMAN Substrate [7]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) DE5IED8 CP2C9_HUMAN Substrate [6]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7305).
2 Drug information of Thiamylal, 2008. eduDrugs.
3 FDA approval: ado-trastuzumab emtansine for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Sep 1;20(17):4436-41.
4 Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
5 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
6 Protein binding and the metabolism of thiamylal enantiomers in vitro. Anesth Analg. 2000 Sep;91(3):736-40.
7 Effects of premedication medicines on the formation of the CYP3A4-dependent metabolite of ropivacaine, 2', 6'-Pipecoloxylidide, on human liver microsomes in vitro. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006 Feb;98(2):181-3.
8 Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
9 Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
10 Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75.
11 Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):263-9.
12 Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
13 Potent mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 by imatinib explains its liability to interact with CYP3A4 substrates. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2787-98.
14 Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
15 The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver microsomes in vitro: formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):267-76.
16 Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
17 Chronic ethanol feeding and folate deficiency activate hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in micropigs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2005 Jul;289(1):G54-63.
18 Cytochrome P450 2E1 null mice provide novel protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and apoptosis. Kidney Int. 2003 May;63(5):1687-96.
19 Genotoxicity of tamoxifen, tamoxifen epoxide and toremifene in human lymphoblastoid cells containing human cytochrome P450s. Carcinogenesis. 1994 Jan;15(1):5-9.
20 Acetaminophen induced acute liver failure via oxidative stress and JNK activation: protective role of taurine by the suppression of cytochrome P450 2E1. Free Radic Res. 2010 Mar;44(3):340-55.
21 A study on the metabolism of etoposide and possible interactions with antitumor or supporting agents by human liver microsomes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Sep;286(3):1294-300.
22 The influence of metabolic gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in Chinese coke oven workers. Sci Total Environ. 2007 Aug 1;381(1-3):38-46.
23 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
24 Novel metabolic pathway of estrone and 17beta-estradiol catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):110-2.
25 Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 by propofol in human and porcine liver microsomes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 Oct 1;64(7):1151-6.
26 CYP2E1 and clinical features in alcoholics. Neuropsychobiology. 2003;47(2):86-9.
27 Progesterone and testosterone hydroxylation by cytochromes P450 2C19, 2C9, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Oct 1;346(1):161-9.
28 Tamoxifen inhibits cytochrome P450 2C9 activity in breast cancer patients. J Chemother. 2006 Aug;18(4):421-4.
29 Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98.
30 Drug-drug interactions with imatinib: an observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Oct;95(40):e5076.
31 Drug interactions with calcium channel blockers: possible involvement of metabolite-intermediate complexation with CYP3A. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):125-30.
32 New insights into the structural features and functional relevance of human cytochrome P450 2C9. Part I. Curr Drug Metab. 2009 Dec;10(10):1075-126.
33 A potential role for the estrogen-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in human breast carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Dec;82(3):191-7.
34 A mechanistic approach to antiepileptic drug interactions. Ann Pharmacother. 1998 May;32(5):554-63.
35 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 415).
36 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
37 Stiripentol, a putative antiepileptic drug, enhances the duration of opening of GABA-A receptor channels. Epilepsia. 2006 Apr;47(4):704-16.
38 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health Human Services. 2020
39 Prodynorphin gene deletion increased anxiety-like behaviours, impaired the anxiolytic effect of bromazepam and altered GABAA receptor subunits gene expression in the amygdala. J Psychopharmacol. 2011Jan;25(1):87-96.