Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMTGDN8)

Drug Name
Levetiracetam
Synonyms
102767-28-2; Keppra; (S)-2-(2-Oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamide; Keppra XR; Levetiracetamum; ucb L059; (2S)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamide; UCB-L 059; UCB-L059; Spritam; (S)-alpha-Ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide; (-)-(S)-alpha-Ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide; SIB-S1; UNII-44YRR34555; 1-Pyrrolidineacetamide, alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-, (alphaS)-; UCB-22059; Levetiracetamum [INN-Latin]; Levetiractam; CHEBI:6437; ucb L060; Levetiracetam In Sodium Chloride; 44YRR34555; Levroxa; 1-Pyrrolidineacetamide, alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-,; Keppra; Leviteracetam; Torleva; Levetiracetam [INN]; Ucb L060; Etiracetam levo-isomer; Keppra (TN); L-059; Etiracetam, S-isomer; Keppra, Keppra XR),Levetiracetam; Levetriacetam
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [1]
Fibromyalgia MG30.01 Approved [2]
Therapeutic Class
Anticonvulsants
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 170.21
Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp) -0.3
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 2
ADMET Property
Absorption Tmax
The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 2-3 h [3]
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 3: high solubility and low permeability [4]
Bioavailability
The bioavailability of drug is 60% [3]
Clearance
The renal clearance of drug is 0.6 mL/min/kg [5]
Elimination
Approximately 66% of the administered dose of levetiracetam is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug, while only 0.3% of the total dose is excreted via the feces [6]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 6 - 8 hours [6]
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via the hepatic [7]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 251.785 micromolar/kg/day [8]
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.9% [9]
Vd
The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 0.5-0.7 L/kg [10]
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 1040 mg/mL [4]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C8H14N2O2
IUPAC Name
(2S)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamide
Canonical SMILES
CC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N1CCCC1=O
InChI
InChI=1S/C8H14N2O2/c1-2-6(8(9)12)10-5-3-4-7(10)11/h6H,2-5H2,1H3,(H2,9,12)/t6-/m0/s1
InChIKey
HPHUVLMMVZITSG-LURJTMIESA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
5284583
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:6437
CAS Number
102767-28-2
DrugBank ID
DB01202
TTD ID
D0E1XL
VARIDT ID
DR00180
ACDINA ID
D00358
Combinatorial Drugs (CBD) Click to Jump to the Detailed CBD Information of This Drug
Repurposed Drugs (RPD) Click to Jump to the Detailed RPD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
5-HT 3A receptor (HTR3A) TTPC4TU 5HT3A_HUMAN Antagonist [2]
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) TTT3P91 SV2A_HUMAN Modulator [11]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [12]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 2 (HSD3B2) OT02MSKN 3BHS2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [13]
Aromatase (CYP19A1) OTZ6XF74 CP19A_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [13]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [14]
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1) OTD0Z2XO PON1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [15]
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase (CYP17A1) OTZKVLVJ CP17A_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [13]
Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial (STAR) OTFEZ5AI STAR_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [13]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Levetiracetam
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
Levomilnacipran DMV26S8 Moderate Antagonize the effect of Levetiracetam when combined with Levomilnacipran. Chronic pain [MG30] [16]
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Levetiracetam (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Vilazodone DM4LECQ Moderate Antagonize the effect of Levetiracetam when combined with Vilazodone. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [16]
Vortioxetine DM6F1PU Moderate Antagonize the effect of Levetiracetam when combined with Vortioxetine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [16]
Milnacipran DMBFE74 Moderate Antagonize the effect of Levetiracetam when combined with Milnacipran. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [16]
Desvenlafaxine DMHD4PE Moderate Antagonize the effect of Levetiracetam when combined with Desvenlafaxine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [16]
Esketamine DMVU687 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Levetiracetam and Esketamine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [17]
Hydroxychloroquine DMSIVND Moderate Antagonize the effect of Levetiracetam when combined with Hydroxychloroquine. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [17]
Allopregnanolone DMNLHAC Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Levetiracetam and Allopregnanolone. Mental/behavioural/neurodevelopmental disorder [6E20-6E8Z] [18]
Lasmiditan DMXLVDT Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Levetiracetam and Lasmiditan. Migraine [8A80] [19]
Flibanserin DM70DTN Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Levetiracetam and Flibanserin. Mood disorder [6A60-6E23] [20]
⏷ Show the Full List of 9 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Allura red AC dye E00338 33258 Colorant
D&C red no. 27 E00381 83511 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 1 E00263 19700 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 2 E00446 2723854 Colorant
Hydrazine yellow E00409 164825 Colorant
Isopropyl alcohol E00070 3776 Antimicrobial preservative; Solvent
Mannitol E00103 6251 Diluent; Flavoring agent; Lyophilization aid; Plasticizing agent; Tonicity agent
Oleic acid E00421 445639 Emulsifying agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent
Propylparaben sodium E00567 23679044 Antimicrobial preservative
Quinoline yellow WS E00309 24671 Colorant
Sodium lauryl sulfate E00464 3423265 Emulsifying agent; Modified-release agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; lubricant
Sodium methylparaben E00543 23663626 Antimicrobial preservative
Stearic acid E00079 5281 Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Viscosity-controlling agent; lubricant
Sucralose E00370 71485 Flavoring agent
Sunset yellow FCF E00255 17730 Colorant
Ammonia E00007 222 Alkalizing agent
Ammonium glycyrrhizate pentahydrate E00600 91826216 Emulsifying agent; Flavoring agent
Beta-D-lactose E00099 6134 Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Butyl alcohol E00011 263 Flavoring agent; Solvent
Butylhydroxyanisole E00308 24667 Antimicrobial preservative; Antioxidant
Calcium hydrogenphosphate E00294 24441 Diluent
Carmellose sodium E00625 Not Available Disintegrant
Cetostearyl alcohol E00353 62238 Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Citric acid monohydrate E00271 22230 Acidulant; Antioxidant; Buffering agent; Complexing agent; Flavoring agent
Crospovidone E00626 Not Available Disintegrant
Dibutyl sebacate E00160 7986 Plasticizing agent
Eisenoxyd E00585 56841934 Colorant
Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow E00539 23320441 Colorant
Ferrosoferric oxide E00231 14789 Colorant
Glycerin E00026 753 Antimicrobial preservative; Emollient; Flavoring agent; Humectant; Lubricant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; Tonicity agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Glyceryl dibehenate E00537 22477175 Binding agent; Coating agent; Flavoring agent; Modified-release agent; Viscosity-controlling agent; lubricant
Hypromellose E00634 Not Available Coating agent
Kaolin E00586 56841936 Adsorbent; Diluent; Suspending agent
Lactose monohydrate E00393 104938 Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Magnesium stearate E00208 11177 lubricant
Medium-chain triglyceride E00640 Not Available Emollient; Lubricant; Surfactant
Polyethylene glycol 3350 E00652 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 400 E00653 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 4000 E00654 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 6000 E00655 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polysorbate 20 E00664 Not Available Dispersing agent; Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Plasticizing agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent
Polysorbate 80 E00665 Not Available Dispersing agent; Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Plasticizing agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent
Polyvinyl alcohol E00666 Not Available Coating agent; Emulsion stabilizing agent; Film/Membrane-forming agent
Povidone E00667 Not Available Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Propylene glycol E00040 1030 Antimicrobial preservative; Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Saccharose E00091 5988 Binding agent; Coating agent; Cryoprotectant; Diluent; Flavoring agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Silicon dioxide E00670 Not Available Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Sodium citrate dihydrate E00369 71474 Alkalizing agent; Buffering agent; Complexing agent; Emulsifying agent
Soybean lecithin E00637 Not Available Other agent
Talc E00520 16211421 Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
Titanium dioxide E00322 26042 Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
Triacetin E00080 5541 Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Triethyl citrate E00128 6506 Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Vinylpyrrolidone E00668 Not Available Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Water E00035 962 Solvent
⏷ Show the Full List of 55 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Levetiracetam 750 mg tablet 750 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Levetiracetam 1000 mg tablet 1000 mg 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet Oral
Levetiracetam 1500 mg tablet 1500 mg 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet Oral
Levetiracetam 1000 mg tablet 1000 mg Tablet for Oral Suspension Oral
Levetiracetam 250 mg tablet 250 mg Tablet for Oral Suspension Oral
Levetiracetam 500 mg tablet 500 mg Tablet for Oral Suspension Oral
Levetiracetam 750 mg tablet 750 mg Tablet for Oral Suspension Oral
Levetiracetam 250 mg tablet 250 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Levetiracetam 500 mg tablet 500 mg 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet Oral
Levetiracetam 750 mg tablet 750 mg 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet Oral
Levetiracetam 500 mg tablet 500 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Levetiracetam 1000 mg tablet 1000 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Levetiracetam 500 mg tablet 500 mg 24 HR Extended Release Tablet Oral
Levetiracetam 750 mg tablet 750 mg 24 HR Extended Release Tablet Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6826).
2 Emerging therapies for fibromyalgia. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2008 Mar;13(1):53-62.
3 Bockbrader HN, Wesche D, Miller R, Chapel S, Janiczek N, Burger P: A comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pregabalin and gabapentin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2010 Oct;49(10):661-9. doi: 10.2165/11536200-000000000-00000.
4 BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
5 FDA Approved Drugs: Levetiracetam Tablets
6 MedSafe NZ: Levetiracetam
7 Portnoy JM, Dinakar C: Review of cetirizine hydrochloride for the treatment of allergic disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004 Jan;5(1):125-35. doi: 10.1517/14656566.5.1.125 .
8 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
9 Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
10 DPD Approved Drugs: Levetiracetam
11 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
12 Differences in the transport of the antiepileptic drugs phenytoin, levetiracetam and carbamazepine by human and mouse P-glycoprotein. Neuropharmacology. 2007 Feb;52(2):333-46.
13 Differential effects of antiepileptic drugs on steroidogenesis in a human in vitro cell model. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 2009;(189):14-21.
14 Functional evaluation of polymorphisms in the human ABCB1 gene and the impact on clinical responses of antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2008 May;18(5):390-402. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e3282f85e36.
15 Antiepileptic drugs: impacts on human serum paraoxonase-1. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2017 Jun;31(6).
16 Belcastro V, Costa C, Striano P "Levetiracetam-associated hyponatremia." Seizure 17 (2008): 389-90. [PMID: 18584781]
17 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
18 Product Information. Zulresso (brexanolone). Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
19 Product Information. Reyvow (lasmiditan). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
20 Product Information. Addyi (flibanserin). Sprout Pharmaceuticals, Raleigh, NC.