General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCJ6RGM)

Drug Combination Name
Bleomycin Chlorambucil
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Adult T acute lymphoblastic leukemia Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Bleomycin   DMNER5S Chlorambucil   DMRKE63
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: MOLT-4
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 11.57
Bliss Independence Score: 11.83
Loewe Additivity Score: 5.79
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 14.91

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Bleomycin
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Cervical cancer 2C77.0 Approved [2]
Head and neck cancer 2D42 Approved [2]
Hodgkin lymphoma 2B30 Approved [3]
Penile cancer N.A. Approved [2]
Testicular germ cell tumor N.A. Approved [2]
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma N.A. Investigative [2]
Follicular lymphoma 2A80 Investigative [2]
Bleomycin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA) TTUTN1I NOUNIPROTAC Breaker [10]
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Bleomycin Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH) DECH1VP BLMH_HUMAN Metabolism [11]
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Bleomycin Interacts with 23 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2) OTIWXGZ9 SODM_HUMAN Increases Expression [12]
Interstitial collagenase (MMP1) OTI4I2V1 MMP1_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) OTS7T5VH IL8_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) OTJV8O04 MUC5A_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Transmembrane protein 250 (TMEM250) OTLJ4G5G TM250_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 (CHEK2) OT8ZPCNS CHK2_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [14]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1) OTV5XHVH TGFB1_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Histone H2AX (H2AX) OT18UX57 H2AX_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Max-interacting protein 1 (MXI1) OTUQ9E0D MXI1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [6]
Actin, aortic smooth muscle (ACTA2) OTEDLG8E ACTA_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Unconventional myosin-Ie (MYO1E) OTM9YSIZ MYO1E_HUMAN Decreases Expression [6]
Serine-protein kinase ATM (ATM) OTQVOHLT ATM_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [14]
Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A (SMC1A) OT9ZMRK9 SMC1A_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [14]
7SK snRNA methylphosphate capping enzyme (MEPCE) OTRBQEYP MEPCE_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Transmembrane protein 87A (TMEM87A) OT8ATDVX TM87A_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Lipase member H (LIPH) OTRGYLKL LIPH_HUMAN Decreases Expression [6]
Abasic site processing protein HMCES (HMCES) OTVRDL6U HMCES_HUMAN Decreases Expression [6]
Small integral membrane protein 14 (SMIM14) OT47IF19 SIM14_HUMAN Decreases Expression [6]
Kelch-like protein 42 (KLHL42) OTK6WARI KLH42_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Inactive cell surface hyaluronidase CEMIP2 (CEMIP2) OT9I1XUO CEIP2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [6]
ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1 (ERRFI1) OT7VZ2IZ ERRFI_HUMAN Decreases Expression [6]
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain protein 3 (TMCC3) OTAIQ6V6 TMCC3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [6]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2) OTFXFREP BIRC2_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [16]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 23 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Chlorambucil
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 2A82.0 Approved [4]
Small lymphocytic lymphoma 2A82.0 Approved [5]
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma N.A. Investigative [5]
Follicular lymphoma 2A80 Investigative [5]
Chlorambucil Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
DNA replication (DNA repli) TTABD5E NOUNIPROTAC Intercalator [17]
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Chlorambucil Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [18]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (SLCO1A2) DTE2B1D SO1A2_HUMAN Substrate [19]
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Chlorambucil Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) DEK6079 GSTP1_HUMAN Metabolism [20]
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Chlorambucil Interacts with 21 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [21]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) OTOA4HTH AK1BA_HUMAN Decreases Expression [22]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 (AKR1C2) OTQ2XMO3 AK1C2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [22]
Bcl-2-interacting killer (BIK) OTTH1T3D BIK_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
F-box only protein 30 (FBXO30) OTD1P6LA FBX30_HUMAN Decreases Expression [22]
Histone chaperone ASF1A (ASF1A) OT4S44GP ASF1A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [22]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (TNFRSF10A) OTBPCU2O TR10A_HUMAN Affects Expression [23]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B) OTA1CPBV TR10B_HUMAN Increases Expression [24]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5) OTILXZYL BIRC5_HUMAN Affects Expression [25]
Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC) OTPV5LUK MYC_HUMAN Increases Expression [26]
Histone H2AX (H2AX) OT18UX57 H2AX_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [27]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain (HLA-DPA1) OT7OG7Y2 DPA1_HUMAN Affects Expression [28]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS) OTP9XG86 TNR6_HUMAN Increases Expression [29]
14-3-3 protein sigma (SFN) OTLJCZ1U 1433S_HUMAN Increases Expression [24]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A) OTQWHCZE CDN1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [30]
Histone H4 (H4C1) OTB71W46 H4_HUMAN Decreases Expression [27]
kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial (PDK4) OTCMHMBZ PDK4_HUMAN Affects Expression [31]
Bcl-2-binding component 3, isoforms 3/4 (BBC3) OTUAXDAY BBC3B_HUMAN Increases Expression [25]
Fanconi anemia group G protein (FANCG) OT7MC8TZ FANCG_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [32]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2) OTFXFREP BIRC2_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [16]
Fanconi anemia group C protein (FANCC) OTTIDM3P FANCC_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [32]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 21 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication DrugCom ID Cell Line Status REF
Astrocytoma DCHYL67 U251 Investigative [1]
Childhood T acute lymphoblastic leukemia DCYE2HW CCRF-CEM Investigative [1]
Chronic myelogenous leukemia DCFOTZH K-562 Investigative [1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma DCZ97Q9 TK-10 Investigative [1]
Carcinoma DCO3W64 MCF7 Investigative [33]
Adenocarcinoma DCN10V5 OVCAR3 Investigative [34]
Adenocarcinoma DC7R5Y7 HT29 Investigative [34]
Amelanotic melanoma DC96CWF MDA-MB-435 Investigative [34]
Large cell lung carcinoma DCJZAVO NCI-H460 Investigative [34]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 9 DrugCom(s)

References

1 CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1125966
2 Bleomycin FDA Label
3 Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77.
4 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7143).
5 Chlorambucil FDA Label
6 Development and validation of the TGx-HDACi transcriptomic biomarker to detect histone deacetylase inhibitors in human TK6 cells. Arch Toxicol. 2021 May;95(5):1631-1645. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03014-2. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
7 Pulmonary fibrosis model using micro-CT analyzable human PSC-derived alveolar organoids containing alveolar macrophage-like cells. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2022 Aug;38(4):557-575. doi: 10.1007/s10565-022-09698-1. Epub 2022 Mar 10.
8 An antisense oligonucleotide targeted to human Ku86 messenger RNA sensitizes M059K malignant glioma cells to ionizing radiation, bleomycin, and etoposide but not DNA cross-linking agents. Cancer Res. 2002 Oct 15;62(20):5888-96.
9 XRCC1 deficiency sensitizes human lung epithelial cells to genotoxicity by crocidolite asbestos and Libby amphibole. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Dec;118(12):1707-13. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002312. Epub 2010 Aug 11.
10 Bleomycin and talisomycin sequence-specific strand scission of DNA: a mechanism of double-strand cleavage. Cancer Res. 1982 Jul;42(7):2779-85.
11 The C-terminus of human bleomycin hydrolase is required for protection against bleomycin-induced chromosomal damage. Mutat Res. 1998 Oct 12;421(1):1-7.
12 Age-dependent basal level and induction capacity of copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase and other scavenging enzyme activities in leukocytes from young and elderly adults. Am J Pathol. 1993 Jul;143(1):312-20.
13 Agents associated with lung inflammation induce similar responses in NCI-H292 lung epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Oct;22(7):1782-8.
14 Direct activation of ATM by resveratrol under oxidizing conditions. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 16;9(6):e97969. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097969. eCollection 2014.
15 Distinct mechanisms of cell-kill by triapine and its terminally dimethylated derivative Dp44mT due to a loss or gain of activity of their copper(II) complexes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014 Oct 1;91(3):312-22. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.006. Epub 2014 Aug 15.
16 Expression and prognostic significance of IAP-family genes in human cancers and myeloid leukemias. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 May;6(5):1796-803.
17 Roles of DNA repair and reductase activity in the cytotoxicity of the hypoxia-activated dinitrobenzamide mustard PR-104A. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009 Jun;8(6):1714-23.
18 Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
19 Transporters and renal drug elimination. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004;44:137-66.
20 The anti-cancer drug chlorambucil as a substrate for the human polymorphic enzyme glutathione transferase P1-1: kinetic properties and crystallographic characterisation of allelic variants. J Mol Biol. 2008 Jun 27;380(1):131-44.
21 Enhanced in vitro invasiveness and drug resistance with altered gene expression patterns in a human lung carcinoma cell line after pulse selection with anticancer drugs. Int J Cancer. 2004 Sep 10;111(4):484-93. doi: 10.1002/ijc.20230.
22 Oxidative stress mechanisms do not discriminate between genotoxic and nongenotoxic liver carcinogens. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 Aug 17;28(8):1636-46.
23 Role of the TRAIL/APO2-L death receptors in chlorambucil- and fludarabine-induced apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncogene. 2003 Nov 13;22(51):8356-69. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207004.
24 Differential effects of chemotherapeutic drugs versus the MDM-2 antagonist nutlin-3 on cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis in SKW6.4 lymphoblastoid B-cells. J Cell Biochem. 2008 May 15;104(2):595-605. doi: 10.1002/jcb.21649.
25 Differential gene expression induction by TRAIL in B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells showing high versus low levels of Zap-70. J Cell Physiol. 2007 Oct;213(1):229-36. doi: 10.1002/jcp.21116.
26 Theophylline synergizes with chlorambucil in inducing apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood. 1996 Sep 15;88(6):2172-82.
27 A two-hit mechanism for pre-mitotic arrest of cancer cell proliferation by a polyamide-alkylator conjugate. Cell Cycle. 2006 Jul;5(14):1537-48. doi: 10.4161/cc.5.14.2913. Epub 2006 Jul 17.
28 Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 May 18;28(5):927-34. doi: 10.1021/tx5005248. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
29 Caspase 8 activation independent of Fas (CD95/APO-1) signaling may mediate killing of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by cytotoxic drugs or gamma radiation. Blood. 2001 Nov 1;98(9):2800-7. doi: 10.1182/blood.v98.9.2800.
30 Disruption of gene expression and induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by a DNA-damaging agent tethered to an androgen receptor ligand. Chem Biol. 2005 Jul;12(7):779-87. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.05.009.
31 The MT1G Gene in LUHMES Neurons Is a Sensitive Biomarker of Neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res. 2020 Dec;38(4):967-978. doi: 10.1007/s12640-020-00272-3. Epub 2020 Sep 1.
32 In vivo therapeutic responses contingent on Fanconi anemia/BRCA2 status of the tumor. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Oct 15;11(20):7508-15. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1048.
33 CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1126165
34 CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1125976