General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCWET3R)

Drug Combination Name
obeticholic acid Ursodeoxycholic acid
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Phase 3 [1]
Component Drugs obeticholic acid   DM3Q1SM Ursodeoxycholic acid   DMCUT21
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL is unavailable 3D MOL

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of obeticholic acid
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Primary biliary cholangitis DB96.1 Approved [2]
Insomnia 7A00-7A0Z Clinical trial [3]
obeticholic acid Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Farnesoid X-activated receptor (FXR) TTS4UGC NR1H4_HUMAN Modulator [2]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
obeticholic acid Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Bile acid-CoA thioesterase (BAAT) DERA3OF BAAT_HUMAN Metabolism [10]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
obeticholic acid Interacts with 230 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Very long chain fatty acid elongase 7 (ELOVL7) OT89NYVC ELOV7_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
cTAGE family member 15 (CTAGE15) OTMOMQGH CTGEF_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform (PIK3CD) OTOMP6TH PK3CD_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 (NR5A2) OTXAUJAS NR5A2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) OTBPNKJQ SOCS2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) OTXHT3QO CCS_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Ectoderm-neural cortex protein 1 (ENC1) OTJEUB6U ENC1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MAP2K7) OT1Q40TZ MP2K7_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta (AGPAT2) OT5I4Y9K PLCB_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3 (ACOX3) OTZEPVGF ACOX3_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Tapasin (TAPBP) OTL81AVZ TPSN_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-like 2 (IRAK2) OT6Y1QZN IRAK2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4 (ACSL4) OTI71MUJ ACSL4_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Transcription factor Maf (MAF) OT1GR3IZ MAF_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 (RPS6KA5) OTAVZJ3J KS6A5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-4 (RPS6KA4) OTTK8MUO KS6A4_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Electrogenic aspartate/glutamate antiporter SLC25A12, mitochondrial (SLC25A12) OTB4YBVT S2512_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Lathosterol oxidase (SC5D) OT41KMW4 SC5D_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA1 (ABCA1) OT94G6BQ ABCA1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) OT2DVJWY FGF19_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) OTO1DV7F ADH1G_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial (GSR) OTM2TUYM GSHR_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1) OTACYW9J A1AT_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) OTFTX90K A2MG_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1) OTOXC51H TIMP1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Protein c-Fos (FOS) OTJBUVWS FOS_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC) OTPV5LUK MYC_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
GTPase HRas (HRAS) OTWQN0DP RASH_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) OTH559LU LDLR_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1) OTV5XHVH TGFB1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Collagen alpha-1(I) chain (COL1A1) OTI31178 CO1A1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) OT5THARI APOA1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) OTFOWL2H APOE_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) OTQ3HGTC APOA2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Apolipoprotein C-II (APOC2) OTLINYIQ APOC2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) OTW3520C APOC3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
C-reactive protein (CRP) OT0RFT8F CRP_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Albumin (ALB) OTVMM513 ALBU_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) OTRT3F3U HMDH_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A (ALDOA) OTWRFTIB ALDOA_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) OTH0UOCZ APOB_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2) OTIWXGZ9 SODM_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase (LCAT) OTRLMLK0 LCAT_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic (TK1) OTY5JFM1 KITH_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) OTBPMIMW G3P_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) OTE4EFH8 CP1A1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (ALDOB) OT7FR69A ALDOB_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1) OTT0MPQ3 PAI1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) OTLLBX48 CP1A2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) OTHQ17JG CP2E1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Transcription factor Jun (JUN) OTCYBO6X JUN_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Alpha-enolase (ENO1) OTB1KWJS ENOA_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Histone H2B type 1-J (H2BC11) OTGM083T H2B1J_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Protein disulfide-isomerase (P4HB) OTTYNYPF PDIA1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Apolipoprotein(a) (LPA) OTRZLU9F APOA_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 (CD14) OT83GJ47 CD14_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) OTQGYY83 CP3A4_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2) OTN0UDVP CP21A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (IL6R) OTCQL07Z IL6RA_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS (ROS1) OTDSKUGE ROS1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal (ACAA1) OTVKRET0 THIK_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1) OTLP0A0Y GSTP1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) OTQBANEP F16P1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Inhibin beta B chain (INHBB) OT2QLD11 INHBB_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C (ALDOC) OTEC13I5 ALDOC_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Serum amyloid A-1 protein (SAA1) OTO2D8S0 SAA1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein (TGFB3) OT2LOUQ1 TGFB3_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) OTHCWT42 CP2C8_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) OTZJC802 CP2D6_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Hepatic triacylglycerol lipase (LIPC) OTZY5SC9 LIPC_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial (PC) OT6O0V51 PYC_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) OT52TWG3 CP2A6_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Aromatase (CYP19A1) OTZ6XF74 CP19A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) OTGLBN29 CP2C9_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Beta-enolase (ENO3) OT3HYKYI ENOB_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FDPS) OT6CKWV5 FPPS_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 1 (PFKFB1) OTTHX4NB F261_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Protein kinase C alpha type (PRKCA) OT5UWNRD KPCA_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Transcription factor JunB (JUNB) OTG2JXV5 JUNB_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) OTXI2NTI GPX2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Syndecan-1 (SDC1) OTWKRVZC SDC1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha (RXRA) OTP1TBDM RXRA_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit (NFKB1) OTNRRD8I NFKB1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B (TNFRSF1B) OTDS2EAR TNR1B_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) OTSXFBXB CP3A5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Phosphatidylcholine translocator ABCB4 (ABCB4) OTE6PY83 MDR3_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase , cytoplasmic (GPD1) OTQW7TMB GPDA_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) OT6PK94R GPX3_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) OTRQERG2 FGFR4_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial (CPT2) OTIN6G20 CPT2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7) OTTCDHHM CP3A7_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha (PIK3R1) OT5BZ1J9 P85A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6) OTS8KC8A PRDX6_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform (PPP2R1B) OTFIHQGD 2AAB_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (GSTT1) OTRFMWBK GSTT1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1) OT8H2YY7 AKT1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT2) OTBB632K AKT2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
14-3-3 protein sigma (SFN) OTLJCZ1U 1433S_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Glycerol kinase (GK) OTK2YRA0 GLPK_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1 (ACSL1) OTB06ESI ACSL1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Protein S100-A3 (S100A3) OTVIZJ2R S10A3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic (PCK1) OTNWEJ5Y PCKGC_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex acid labile subunit (IGFALS) OTTWCZYM ALS_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) OT3VM4JX PGM1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
TGF-beta receptor type-1 (TGFBR1) OT40S1SJ TGFR1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBF1) OTWBRPAI SRBP1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta (IL6ST) OT1N9C70 IL6RB_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic (MDH1) OTJEO4E8 MDHC_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 (MAP3K8) OTOZTA1F M3K8_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial (ACAA2) OTGLVWOP THIM_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 (ABCG1) OT5BG6MK ABCG1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MAP2K3) OTI2OREX MP2K3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Lanosterol synthase (LSS) OT9W2SFH LSS_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) OTFII9KG FAS_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform (CPT1A) OTI862QH CPT1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) OT133G8J IRAK1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1 (AKR1D1) OTBDJ6RL AK1D1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MAP2K6) OTK13JKC MP2K6_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Tricarboxylate transport protein, mitochondrial (SLC25A1) OTIDXQ9F TXTP_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase (MVD) OTGEX4SR MVD1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 (MAPK12) OTTCKE27 MK12_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Glycogen synthase, liver (GYS2) OTCKIUYR GYS2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) OTVJJO5Z PLTP_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID) OTOSHSHU BID_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
3-keto-steroid reductase/17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 7 (HSD17B7) OTV7VOV3 DHB7_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein (TGFB2) OTC0TXEP TGFB2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Ras-related protein R-Ras2 (RRAS2) OT83NCEB RRAS2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform (PPP2CB) OT24GMCM PP2AB_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Metallothionein-1H (MT1H) OT0MVBM6 MT1H_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein (HSPG2) OT6HTSJT PGBM_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit (NFKB2) OTS231V7 NFKB2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, cytoplasmic (HMGCS1) OTCO26FV HMCS1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Protein kinase C epsilon type (PRKCE) OT7J0P9L KPCE_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrial (CYP27A1) OT649C01 CP27A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2 (ID2) OT0U1D53 ID2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 4A11 (CYP4A11) OTPU5J0S CP4AB_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Mevalonate kinase (MVK) OTHJCUKT KIME_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1) OTZ3BEC4 PRDX1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 4F3 (CYP4F3) OTYNSQAM CP4F3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Adenylate cyclase type 1 (ADCY1) OTSLLFZO ADCY1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBF2) OTBXUNPL SRBP2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) OTWRF2NR DPYD_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) OT1MEZZN TRAF2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Protein AF1q (MLLT11) OTG5RVHC AF1Q_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA) OT5CQPZY ACACA_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
FAS-associated death domain protein (FADD) OTV7GFHH FADD_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 (BIRC3) OT3E95KB BIRC3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase 1 (IDI1) OTGM06VJ IDI1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Phosphatidate phosphatase LPIN1 (LPIN1) OTQ75KF2 LPIN1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Delta(14)-sterol reductase LBR (LBR) OT1HG3HG LBR_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Caspase-8 (CASP8) OTA8TVI8 CASP8_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) OTM0A0DY ACOX1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-2 (RPS6KA2) OTIOYUSU KS6A2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Transcription elongation factor A protein 2 (TCEA2) OT1OS9TY TCEA2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 (TAB1) OTPM6F85 TAB1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (MAPK11) OT0AS010 MK11_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Methylsterol monooxygenase 1 (MSMO1) OTKV62RZ MSMO1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) OT0HENJ5 NF2L2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) OT4H6RKW DUS6_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51A1) OTAYHG9C CP51A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Meteorin-like protein (METRNL) OTB0DDL0 METRL_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 (CREB3L3) OTDMU3GP CR3L3_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Single Ig IL-1-related receptor (SIGIRR) OTNC3XFD SIGIR_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Ultra-long-chain fatty acid omega-hydroxylase (CYP4F22) OTMNPZQL CP4FN_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1) OT0L1M1D CP2R1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
SUZ domain-containing protein 1 (SZRD1) OTJMEJWT SZRD1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 2U1 (CYP2U1) OT6RXLXS CP2U1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Tubulin epsilon and delta complex protein 1 (TEDC1) OT2RIGR7 TEDC1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
ADAMTS-like protein 2 (ADAMTSL2) OTAXNV2U ATL2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
60 kDa lysophospholipase (ASPG) OT5E2EKR LPP60_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Organic solute transporter subunit alpha (SLC51A) OTDJRZ0P OSTA_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Organic solute transporter subunit beta (SLC51B) OT4WYPSR OSTB_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Na(+)/citrate cotransporter (SLC13A5) OTPH1TA7 S13A5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Leucine-rich repeat LGI family member 4 (LGI4) OTZGS8BN LGI4_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Neuropeptide W (NPW) OTO7MT28 NPW_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine symporter 1 (MFSD2A) OTVG1VG0 NLS1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) OTDSLC81 MLKL_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1) OTAE1UA1 SCRB1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Phosphatidate phosphatase LPIN2 (LPIN2) OTRRTMXX LPIN2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Caspase-10 (CASP10) OTE6J88E CASPA_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) OT63ERYM BAD_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 (CREB3L1) OT2JHIHM CR3L1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) OTE5PDD0 DGAT2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Leukocyte receptor cluster member 8 (LENG8) OT6B5K2T LENG8_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 2S1 (CYP2S1) OTKHX4RF CP2S1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2 (ACOX2) OT3VH359 ACOX2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 (MAP3K14) OTT3DOOL M3K14_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAP3K5) OTQR6ENW M3K5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathway, mitochondrial (ECSIT) OTJX1YC7 ECSIT_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Receptor-transporting protein 3 (RTP3) OTZUDJ6Q RTP3_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Very long chain fatty acid elongase 1 (ELOVL1) OTIDTQ8R ELOV1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Protein amnionless (AMN) OTS1TJXG AMNLS_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) OTA9Z9OC FOXP3_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (HSD3B7) OT2Y9IW4 3BHS7_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Lck-interacting transmembrane adapter 1 (LIME1) OTJWUQSK LIME1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Very long chain fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6) OTB26UJJ ELOV6_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 3A43 (CYP3A43) OTMXADGA CP343_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 4F11 (CYP4F11) OTHZ2GG2 CP4FB_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial (GPAM) OTR1XD9B GPAT1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cytochrome P450 4F12 (CYP4F12) OTIUY7E6 CP4FC_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 (SLCO1B3) OTOM3BUH SO1B3_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase epsilon (AGPAT5) OTNY3VMD PLCE_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Very long chain fatty acid elongase 2 (ELOVL2) OTDAF6U3 ELOV2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
24-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP39A1) OTBAJT4I CP39A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Very-long-chain enoyl-CoA reductase (TECR) OT2NT4MV TECR_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 2 (C5AR2) OTP1Q82J C5AR2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) OTLILBUI DHCR7_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 11 (DNAJB11) OTDDK2SY DJB11_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier (SLC25A10) OTT8647H DIC_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Cysteine-rich C-terminal protein 1 (CRCT1) OTPYME8V CRCT1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Fetuin-B (FETUB) OT7V07NI FETUB_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2) OTF4S7NE PTBP2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 6 (ACSL6) OT0TT8P8 ACSL6_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 5 (ACSL5) OT3L9XO3 ACSL5_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Myocardin-related transcription factor B (MRTFB) OT9OXGS9 MRTFB_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Carbonic anhydrase 14 (CA14) OT1TRKFN CAH14_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Transcription factor MafF (MAFF) OT9B7MX0 MAFF_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
7-alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one 12-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP8B1) OTRI4UR1 CP8B1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C (PPP1R3C) OTEU05TX PPR3C_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 5 (SLC27A5) OT4OK511 S27A5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 9, mitochondrial (ACOT9) OTBOQE6N ACOT9_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Chloride intracellular channel protein 4 (CLIC4) OT6KTPKD CLIC4_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) OTNEN8QK SO1B1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11) OTRU7THO ABCBB_HUMAN Increases Expression [11]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) OT4IE164 TNFA_HUMAN Decreases Secretion [12]
Cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) OT8Z5KLD CP7A1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [11]
Hepatic sodium/bile acid cotransporter (SLC10A1) OTUJVMCL NTCP_HUMAN Decreases Expression [11]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 (NR0B2) OT7UVICX NR0B2_HUMAN Increases Expression [11]
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) OTN8GTXW ANM1_HUMAN Increases Activity [11]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 230 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Ursodeoxycholic acid
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Cholelithiasis DC11 Approved [4]
Primary biliary cholangitis DB96.1 Approved [5]
Primary biliary cirrhosis DB96.1 Approved [6]
Colon cancer 2B90.Z Investigative [7]
Ursodeoxycholic acid Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Solute carrier family 23 member 2 (SLC23A2) TTOP832 S23A2_HUMAN Activator [14]
Biliverdin reductase A (BLVRA) TTJBPN3 BIEA_HUMAN Activator [14]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ursodeoxycholic acid Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1) DT3D8F0 SO1B1_HUMAN Substrate [15]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ursodeoxycholic acid Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hdhB) DEOMLHG A4ECA9_9ACTN Metabolism [16]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ursodeoxycholic acid Interacts with 104 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) OTNEN8QK SO1B1_HUMAN Increases Uptake [15]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) OTU2SXBA AK1C3_HUMAN Decreases Activity [17]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 (AKR1C2) OTQ2XMO3 AK1C2_HUMAN Decreases Activity [17]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1) OTQKR4CM AK1C1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [17]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [18]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) OTQGYY83 CP3A4_HUMAN Increases Expression [18]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (NR1I2) OTC5U0N5 NR1I2_HUMAN Increases Expression [19]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 (NR0B2) OT7UVICX NR0B2_HUMAN Increases Expression [19]
Solute carrier family 23 member 2 (SLC23A2) OTJ5CQMA S23A2_HUMAN Increases Expression [19]
Solute carrier family 23 member 1 (SLC23A1) OTE6F9U6 S23A1_HUMAN Increases Expression [19]
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) OTB1073G SCD_HUMAN Decreases Expression [20]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B) OTA1CPBV TR10B_HUMAN Increases Expression [21]
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory ankyrin repeat subunit A (ANKRD28) OTRBREQ9 ANR28_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 (ABCC3) OTC3IJV4 MRP3_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (CFLAR) OTX14BAS CFLAR_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
Splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) OTNTX2DG SF3B1_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Rho-related BTB domain-containing protein 3 (RHOBTB3) OT1BFKPH RHBT3_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11) OTRU7THO ABCBB_HUMAN Increases Expression [24]
Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) OT2DVJWY FGF19_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain (HLA-DRA) OT7KZMP2 DRA_HUMAN Increases Expression [25]
Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) OT5THARI APOA1_HUMAN Increases Expression [26]
Fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG) OT5BJSEX FIBG_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Myelin basic protein (MBP) OTFZCEDB MBP_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
C4b-binding protein alpha chain (C4BPA) OTHNH6Y8 C4BPA_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) OTCI2YDI GCR_HUMAN Increases Localization [27]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Increases Ubiquitination [28]
ADP/ATP translocase 2 (SLC25A5) OT1XIBMN ADT2_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Endothelin-1 (EDN1) OTZCACEG EDN1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [29]
Large ribosomal subunit protein P2 (RPLP2) OT2YBK3W RLA2_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Protein kinase C beta type (PRKCB) OTYQ0656 KPCB_HUMAN Increases Activity [30]
Retinoblastoma-associated protein (RB1) OTQJUJMZ RB_HUMAN Decreases Expression [31]
Involucrin (IVL) OT4VPNGY INVO_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Growth-regulated alpha protein (CXCL1) OT3WCTZV GROA_HUMAN Increases Expression [20]
2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) OTB8HCED CN37_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1) OT310QSG PARP1_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [21]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [31]
Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial (DLAT) OT9LBJVN ODP2_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (HSPA5) OTFUIRAO BIP_HUMAN Decreases Expression [20]
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) OTPG0K7E IMDH2_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) OTAD2HEL CCL2_HUMAN Increases Expression [20]
Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte (FABP4) OT3DKFOU FABP4_HUMAN Decreases Expression [20]
Large ribosomal subunit protein eL33 (RPL35A) OTDDJUWF RL35A_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 (ATF4) OTRFV19J ATF4_HUMAN Decreases Expression [20]
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2 (ORM2) OTRJGZP8 A1AG2_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Endothelin-2 (EDN2) OTQ7RCPI EDN2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [33]
Cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) OT8Z5KLD CP7A1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [24]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1) OT8HPTKJ CCND1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [31]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [20]
Large ribosomal subunit protein uL16 (RPL10) OTBHOZGC RL10_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [20]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 (CCND3) OTNKPQ22 CCND3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [31]
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1) OT8H2YY7 AKT1_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [34]
Intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM3) OTTZ5A5D ICAM3_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) OTHMARHO PPARG_HUMAN Decreases Expression [20]
Glycine--tRNA ligase (GARS1) OT5B6R9Y GARS_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1 (EIF1) OTB4GZ0V EIF1_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) OTESDI4D GSH1_HUMAN Increases Expression [34]
Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GCLM) OT6CP234 GSH0_HUMAN Increases Expression [34]
Glutathione synthetase (GSS) OTVSBEIW GSHB_HUMAN Increases Expression [34]
T-complex protein 1 subunit epsilon (CCT5) OTPZ38BT TCPE_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) OTFII9KG FAS_HUMAN Decreases Expression [20]
T-complex protein 1 subunit gamma (CCT3) OTL6EOS1 TCPG_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Gastrotropin (FABP6) OTIRQWLW FABP6_HUMAN Increases Expression [35]
Small ribosomal subunit protein mS29 (DAP3) OTNPEZYM RT29_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Exportin-2 (CSE1L) OTV2X99A XPO2_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 (NAP1L1) OTI7WBZV NP1L1_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Large ribosomal subunit protein eL27 (RPL27) OTWEOUTX RL27_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Transforming protein RhoA (RHOA) OT6YOJ9N RHOA_HUMAN Decreases Activity [36]
Small ribosomal subunit protein uS15 (RPS13) OTOMDIJ2 RS13_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Small ribosomal subunit protein eS28 (RPS28) OT12IES1 RS28_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Large ribosomal subunit protein eL32 (RPL32) OTKRQJT4 RL32_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) OTKRO61U RAC1_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Large ribosomal subunit protein eL6 (RPL6) OTRU71O4 RL6_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Single-stranded DNA-binding protein, mitochondrial (SSBP1) OTH2PZWH SSBP_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Protein kinase C delta type (PRKCD) OTSEH90E KPCD_HUMAN Increases Localization [21]
Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX) OTAW0V4V BAX_HUMAN Increases Expression [31]
Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 (MCL1) OT2YYI1A MCL1_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
ATP-dependent RNA helicase A (DHX9) OT5AAOQI DHX9_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) OTT0QHQ1 FGL1_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (STK3) OTLNSCQD STK3_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3 (DNAJC3) OT7ROIJF DNJC3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [20]
Caspase-8 (CASP8) OTA8TVI8 CASP8_HUMAN Increases Activity [21]
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) OT0HENJ5 NF2L2_HUMAN Increases Localization [34]
Protein Smaug homolog 2 (SAMD4B) OTVRZJ5D SMAG2_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) OTW2D6DE CSPG4_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Ribosomal protein eS27-like (RPS27L) OTZWHU0N RS27L_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Endoplasmic reticulum metallopeptidase 1 (ERMP1) OT9CIEO2 ERMP1_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RBBP6 (RBBP6) OTTVG4HU RBBP6_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Out at first protein homolog (OAF) OTOR9CR5 OAF_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Organic solute transporter subunit alpha (SLC51A) OTDJRZ0P OSTA_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
Organic solute transporter subunit beta (SLC51B) OT4WYPSR OSTB_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
Shieldin complex subunit 2 (SHLD2) OTMLERXL SHLD2_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) OT4BKEJ9 GPBAR_HUMAN Decreases Expression [20]
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rififylin (RFFL) OT85MGDH RFFL_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (ABCC2) OTJSIGV5 MRP2_HUMAN Increases Expression [37]
AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) OTQCOSFN AP2M1_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Ribosomal protein eL39-like 2 (RPL39L) OTAV1MJQ RL39L_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Rho GTPase-activating protein 7 (DLC1) OTP8LMCR RHG07_HUMAN Increases Expression [36]
Bile acid receptor (NR1H4) OTWZLPTB NR1H4_HUMAN Decreases Expression [20]
Protein sprouty homolog 4 (SPRY4) OT2VK9N0 SPY4_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Endosialin (CD248) OTEBWORQ CD248_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Soluble lamin-associated protein of 75 kDa (FAM169A) OT2FDMA1 F169A_HUMAN Affects Expression [13]
Sulfotransferase 2A1 (SULT2A1) OT0ISKQ4 ST2A1_HUMAN Increases Sulfation [38]
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 (SLCO1B3) OTOM3BUH SO1B3_HUMAN Increases Uptake [15]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 104 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication DrugCom ID Cell Line Status REF
PBC DCDR1RC N. A. Phase 1 [39]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

References

1 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04956328) Study of Obeticholic AcidOCA?Combination With Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) in Patients With Primay Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC)
2 2016 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2017 Feb 2;16(2):73-76.
3 Nuclear receptors and lipid physiology: opening the X-files. Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1866-70.
4 Management of symptomatic cholelithiasis: a systematic review. Syst Rev. 2022 Dec 12;11(1):267.
5 Primary biliary cholangitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Feb;17(2):93-110.
6 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7104).
7 Design and synthesis of bile acid derivatives and their activity against colon cancer. RSC Med Chem. 2022 Aug 19;13(11):1391-1409.
8 Pharmacotoxicology of clinically-relevant concentrations of obeticholic acid in an organotypic human hepatocyte system. Toxicol In Vitro. 2017 Mar;39:93-103.
9 UGT-dependent regioselective glucuronidation of ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid and selective transport of the consequent acyl glucuronides by OATP1B1 and 1B3. Chem Biol Interact. 2019 Sep 1;310:108745. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108745. Epub 2019 Jul 9.
10 Glycine and taurine conjugation of bile acids by a single enzyme. Molecular cloning and expression of human liver bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jul 29;269(30):19375-9.
11 The methyl transferase PRMT1 functions as co-activator of farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/9-cis retinoid X receptor and regulates transcription of FXR responsive genes. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Aug;68(2):551-8. doi: 10.1124/mol.105.012104. Epub 2005 May 23.
12 Farnesoid X receptor activation inhibits inflammation and preserves the intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 2011 Apr;60(4):463-72. doi: 10.1136/gut.2010.212159. Epub 2011 Jan 17.
13 Gene expression profiling of early primary biliary cirrhosis: possible insights into the mechanism of action of ursodeoxycholic acid. Liver Int. 2008 Aug;28(7):997-1010. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01744.x. Epub 2008 Apr 15.
14 Role of vitamin C transporters and biliverdin reductase in the dual pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant effect of biliary compounds on the placental-fetal... Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Oct 15;232(2):327-36.
15 Transport of fluorescent chenodeoxycholic acid via the human organic anion transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. J Lipid Res. 2006 Jun;47(6):1196-202.
16 Identification, cloning, heterologous expression, and characterization of a NADPH-dependent 7beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Collinsella aerofaciens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Apr;90(1):127-35.
17 Selective and potent inhibitors of human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C1) that metabolizes neurosteroids derived from progesterone. Chem Biol Interact. 2003 Feb 1;143-144:503-13.
18 Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A4-dependent pharmacokinetics in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 May;79(5):449-60.
19 Role of vitamin C transporters and biliverdin reductase in the dual pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant effect of biliary compounds on the placental-fetal unit in cholestasis during pregnancy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Oct 15;232(2):327-36.
20 Ursodeoxycholic acid but not tauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibits proliferation and differentiation of human subcutaneous adipocytes. PLoS One. 2013 Dec 3;8(12):e82086. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082086. eCollection 2013.
21 Lipid raft-dependent death receptor 5 (DR5) expression and activation are critical for ursodeoxycholic acid-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 2011 May;32(5):723-31. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgr038. Epub 2011 Feb 28.
22 Potency of individual bile acids to regulate bile acid synthesis and transport genes in primary human hepatocyte cultures. Toxicol Sci. 2014 Oct;141(2):538-46. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu151. Epub 2014 Jul 23.
23 The synthetic bile acid-phospholipid conjugate ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide suppresses TNF-induced liver injury. J Hepatol. 2011 Apr;54(4):674-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.07.028. Epub 2010 Sep 27.
24 The farnesoid X receptor controls gene expression in a ligand- and promoter-selective fashion. J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 5;279(10):8856-61. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M306422200. Epub 2003 Dec 18.
25 Ligand-independent activation of the glucocorticoid receptor by ursodeoxycholic acid. Repression of IFN-gamma-induced MHC class II gene expression via a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent pathway. J Immunol. 1996 Feb 15;156(4):1601-8.
26 Hepatic apolipoprotein A-I gene expression in patients with cholesterol gallstones treated with ursodeoxycholic acid. Ann Hepatol. 2002 Apr-Jun;1(2):85-9.
27 Combination of ursodeoxycholic acid and glucocorticoids upregulates the AE2 alternate promoter in human liver cells. J Clin Invest. 2008 Feb;118(2):695-709. doi: 10.1172/JCI33156.
28 Ursodeoxycholic acid modulates the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway of p53. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Oct 1;400(4):649-54. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.121. Epub 2010 Aug 31.
29 Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits endothelin-1 production in human vascular endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Nov 28;505(1-3):67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.10.042.
30 Expression of protein kinase C isoenzymes in colorectal cancer tissue and their differential activation by different bile acids. Int J Cancer. 1995 Mar 29;61(1):35-9. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910610107.
31 Mechanism of apoptotic effects induced selectively by ursodeoxycholic acid on human hepatoma cell lines. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Mar 21;13(11):1652-8. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i11.1652.
32 Correlation of chemopreventive efficacy data from the human epidermal cell assay with in vivo data. Anticancer Res. 2000 Jan-Feb;20(1A):27-32.
33 Ursodeoxycholic acid reduces increased circulating endothelin 2 in primary biliary cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Feb 1;21(3):227-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02307.x.
34 Ursodeoxycholic acid induces glutathione synthesis through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in HepG2 cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Mar 1;77(5):858-66. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.11.012. Epub 2008 Nov 25.
35 Regulation of ileal bile acid-binding protein expression in Caco-2 cells by ursodeoxycholic acid: role of the farnesoid X receptor. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Jun 15;69(12):1755-63. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.03.019.
36 Ursodeoxycholic acid-induced inhibition of DLC1 protein degradation leads to suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth. Oncol Rep. 2011 Jun;25(6):1739-46. doi: 10.3892/or.2011.1239. Epub 2011 Mar 29.
37 Chemiluminescence quantitative immunohistochemical determination of MRP2 in liver biopsies. J Histochem Cytochem. 2005 Dec;53(12):1451-7. doi: 10.1369/jhc.5A6621.2005. Epub 2005 Jun 13.
38 Kinetic analysis of bile acid sulfation by stably expressed human sulfotransferase 2A1 (SULT2A1). Xenobiotica. 2010 Mar;40(3):184-94.
39 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04076527) Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study on Primary Biliary Cholangitis