Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC284KS)

• Drug Combination Name: Mechlorethamine + FORMESTANE
• Indication: Plasma cell myeloma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Mechlorethamine (DM0CVXA): Small molecular drug
  FORMESTANE (DMWIDJK): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: RPMI-8226
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.96
  Bliss Independence Score: 6.54
  Loewe Additivity Score: 2.47
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 2.24

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Mechlorethamine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia	2A20.0	Approved	[2]
Lung cancer	2C25.0	Approved	[2]
Mycosis fungoides	2B01	Approved	[2]
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Small lymphocytic lymphoma	2A82.0	Approved	[2]
T-cell lymphoma	2A90	Approved	[3]
Hodgkin lymphoma	2B30	Phase 3	[4]
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma	N.A.	Investigative	[2]

Mechlorethamine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA)	TTUTN1I	NOUNIPROTAC	Intercalator	[7]

Mechlorethamine Interacts with 19 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (ERBB2)	OTOAUNCK	ERBB2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Transcription factor Jun (JUN)	OTCYBO6X	JUN_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)	OTW1SC2N	CDK1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Glutathione S-transferase A2 (GSTA2)	OTW7UB1H	GSTA2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 (CCNB1)	OT19S7E5	CCNB1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Transcription factor JunB (JUNB)	OTG2JXV5	JUNB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Transcription factor JunD (JUND)	OTNKACJD	JUND_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Cyclin-A2 (CCNA2)	OTPHHYZJ	CCNA2_HUMAN	Increases Stability	[11]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)	OTB5DYYZ	CDK2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[11]
Protein S100-P (S100P)	OTJCXNJG	S100P_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[15]
Caspase-2 (CASP2)	OTUDYSPP	CASP2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[13]
Caspase-9 (CASP9)	OTD4RFFG	CASP9_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[13]
Laminin subunit gamma-2 (LAMC2)	OTJMTM72	LAMC2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK1)	OTDP6ILW	BAK_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1)	OTRDIR5M	TRPA1_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[18]

Indication(s) of FORMESTANE

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Withdrawn from market	[3]

FORMESTANE Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Aromatase (CYP19A1)	TTSZLWK	CP19A_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[19]

FORMESTANE Interacts with 5 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (AK1)	OT614AR3	KAD1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[20]
Aromatase (CYP19A1)	OTZ6XF74	CP19A_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[21]
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD17B1)	OT6EBDHM	DHB1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[22]
Estrogen receptor (ESR1)	OTKLU61J	ESR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Androgen receptor (AR)	OTUBKAZZ	ANDR_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]

References

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• [2] Mechlorethamine FDA Label
• [3] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
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• [9] Nitrogen Mustard Alkylates and Cross-Links p53 in Human Keratinocytes. Chem Res Toxicol. 2022 Apr 18;35(4):636-650. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00420. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
• [10] Nitrogen mustard prevents transport of Fra-1 into the nucleus to promote c-Fos- and FosB-dependent IL-8 induction in injured mouse epidermis. Toxicol Lett. 2020 Feb 1;319:256-263. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.006. Epub 2019 Oct 19.
• [11] G2 delay induced by nitrogen mustard in human cells affects cyclin A/cdk2 and cyclin B1/cdc2-kinase complexes differently. J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 15;268(11):8298-308.
• [12] Overexpression of GSTA2 protects against cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by the DNA inter-strand crosslinking nitrogen mustard, mechlorethamine. J Cell Biochem. 2005 May 15;95(2):339-51. doi: 10.1002/jcb.20440.
• [13] Inhibition of caspase-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition protects airway epithelial cells against mustard-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2006 Sep;11(9):1545-59. doi: 10.1007/s10495-006-8764-1.
• [14] S100P is selectively upregulated in tumor cell lines challenged with DNA cross-linking agents. Leuk Res. 2005 Oct;29(10):1181-90. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.03.012.
• [15] Ebselen reduces the toxicity of mechlorethamine in A-431 cells via inhibition of apoptosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2013 Jun;27(6):313-22. doi: 10.1002/jbt.21490. Epub 2013 May 6.
• [16] Histopathologic and immunohistochemical features in human skin after exposure to nitrogen and sulfur mustard. Am J Dermatopathol. 1998 Feb;20(1):22-8. doi: 10.1097/00000372-199802000-00005.
• [17] Increased expression of VDAC1 sensitizes carcinoma cells to apoptosis induced by DNA cross-linking agents. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 May 1;83(9):1172-82. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.017. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
• [18] Activation of the human TRPA1 channel by different alkylating sulfur and nitrogen mustards and structurally related chemotherapeutic drugs. Toxicol Lett. 2023 Mar 1;376:51-59. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.01.007. Epub 2023 Jan 21.
• [19] The taiwaniaquinoids: a review. J Nat Prod. 2010 Feb 26;73(2):284-98.
• [20] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [21] Screening of selected pesticides for inhibition of CYP19 aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 2000 Jun;14(3):227-34.
• [22] Mammalian lignans and genistein decrease the activities of aromatase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in MCF-7 cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Apr;94(5):461-7.
• [23] Androgen- and estrogen-receptor mediated activities of 4-hydroxytestosterone, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione and their human metabolites in yeast based assays. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Aug;292:39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.026. Epub 2018 Apr 24.