Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC3NL2D)

• Drug Combination Name: Pamidronate + Entacapone
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Pamidronate (DMB4AVP): Small molecular drug
  Entacapone (DMLBVKQ): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 1.37
  Bliss Independence Score: 1.37
  Loewe Additivity Score: 15.92
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 15.92

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Pamidronate

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Bone Paget disease	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Hypercalcaemia	5B91.0	Approved	[3]

Pamidronate Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Geranyltranstransferase (FDPS)	TTIKWV4	FPPS_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]

Pamidronate Interacts with 18 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
C-reactive protein (CRP)	OT0RFT8F	CRP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Osteocalcin (BGLAP)	OTK1YLWQ	OSTCN_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme (ALPL)	OTG7J4BP	PPBT_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Interleukin-6 (IL6)	OTUOSCCU	IL6_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M)	OTDWN6NX	B2MG_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B (TNFRSF11B)	OTQ4W7MT	TR11B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	OT4IE164	TNFA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[8]
Collagen alpha-1(I) chain (COL1A1)	OTI31178	CO1A1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[10]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[11]
Caspase-9 (CASP9)	OTD4RFFG	CASP9_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[11]
Transforming protein RhoA (RHOA)	OT6YOJ9N	RHOA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Ras-related protein Rap-1A (RAP1A)	OT5RH6TI	RAP1A_HUMAN	Decreases Prenylation	[12]
Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1)	OTSXYVW1	ROCK1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)	OTZT523D	FGF23_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Bcl-2-interacting killer (BIK)	OTTH1T3D	BIK_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[14]

Indication(s) of Entacapone

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Parkinson disease	8A00.0	Approved	[4]

Entacapone Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT)	TTKWFB8	COMT_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[17]

Entacapone Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[18]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[19]

Entacapone Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9)	DE85D2P	UD19_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]

Entacapone Interacts with 12 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial (GPAM)	OTR1XD9B	GPAT1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[20]
Proepiregulin (EREG)	OTRM4NQY	EREG_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[21]
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A)	OTPSGILV	IL1A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[21]
Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B)	OT0DWXXB	IL1B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[21]
Antileukoproteinase (SLPI)	OTUNFUU8	SLPI_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[21]
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET)	OT7K55MU	MET_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[21]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[21]
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT)	OTPWKTQG	COMT_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[22]
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2)	OT75U9M4	PGH2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[21]
Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TNFAIP6)	OT1SLUZH	TSG6_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[21]
PTB-containing, cubilin and LRP1-interacting protein (PID1)	OT5YJ7FI	PCLI1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[21]
Cystine/glutamate transporter (SLC7A11)	OTKJ6PXW	XCT_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[21]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] Pamidronate FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7259).
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6647).
• [5] Detection of nonsterol isoprenoids by HPLC-MS/MS. Anal Biochem. 2008 Dec 1;383(1):18-24.
• [6] Pamidronate increases markers of bone formation in patients with multiple myeloma in plateau phase under interferon-alpha treatment. Calcif Tissue Int. 2001 May;68(5):285-90.
• [7] Bisphosphonates pamidronate and zoledronic acid stimulate osteoprotegerin production by primary human osteoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Mar 1;291(3):680-6. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6510.
• [8] An in vitro and in vivo study of cytokines in the acute-phase response associated with bisphosphonates. Calcif Tissue Int. 1997 Nov;61(5):386-92. doi: 10.1007/s002239900353.
• [9] Expression profile and synthesis of different collagen types I, II, III, and V of human gingival fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and SaOS-2 cells after bisphosphonate treatment. Clin Oral Investig. 2010 Feb;14(1):51-8. doi: 10.1007/s00784-009-0312-2. Epub 2009 Jul 14.
• [10] Bisphosphonates induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines. Br J Cancer. 2000 Apr;82(8):1459-68. doi: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.1131.
• [11] Pamidronate induced anti-proliferative, apoptotic, and anti-migratory effects in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2006 Jan;44(1):142-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.09.022. Epub 2005 Nov 9.
• [12] Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates induce apoptosis of Caco-2 cells in vitro by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway: a model of bisphosphonate-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. Bone. 2001 Oct;29(4):336-43. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(01)00589-0.
• [13] The role of fibroblast growth factor 23 for hypophosphatemia and abnormal regulation of vitamin D metabolism in patients with McCune-Albright syndrome. J Bone Miner Metab. 2005;23(3):231-7. doi: 10.1007/s00774-004-0589-9.
• [14] Caspase-independent induction of apoptosis in human melanoma cells by the proapoptotic Bcl-2-related protein Nbk / Bik. Oncogene. 2005 Nov 10;24(49):7369-80. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208890.
• [15] Two patients with COMT inhibitor-induced hepatic dysfunction and UGT1A9 genetic polymorphism. Neurology. 2005 Dec 13;65(11):1820-2. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000187066.81162.70.
• [16] Kinetic characterization of the 1A subfamily of recombinant human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jul;33(7):1017-26.
• [17] Entacapone: a catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor for the adjunctive treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clin Ther. 2001 Jun;23(6):802-32; discussion 771.
• [18] Elucidation of the Impact of P-glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein on the Brain Distribution of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors. Drug Metab Dispos. 2017 Dec;45(12):1282-1291.
• [19] Organic Anion Transporter 2-Mediated Hepatic Uptake Contributes to the Clearance of High-Permeability-Low-Molecular-Weight Acid and Zwitterion Drugs: Evaluation Using 25 Drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2018 Nov;367(2):322-334.
• [20] Effect of the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors Tolcapone and Entacapone on Fatty Acid Metabolism in HepaRG Cells. Toxicol Sci. 2018 Aug 1;164(2):477-488.
• [21] An in vitro coculture system of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells for predicting drug-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Jan;95(1):149-168. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02882-4. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
• [22] Beneficial effects of natural phenolics on levodopa methylation and oxidative neurodegeneration. Brain Res. 2013 Feb 25;1497:1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.11.043. Epub 2012 Dec 1.