General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCBF0YK)

Drug Combination Name
Digitoxin Busulfan
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Glioblastoma Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Digitoxin   DMWVIGP Busulfan   DMXYJ9C
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: SNB-75
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.97
Bliss Independence Score: 5.7
Loewe Additivity Score: 2.78
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 3.95

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Digitoxin
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Arrhythmia BC9Z Approved [2]
Congestive cardiac insufficiency BD1Z Approved [2]
Heart failure BD10-BD13 Approved [2]
Digitoxin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (SPT ATPase) TTQ38E9 AT1A1_HUMAN; AT1A2_HUMAN; AT1A3_HUMAN; AT1B1_HUMAN; AT1B2_HUMAN; AT1B3_HUMAN Inhibitor [5]
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Digitoxin Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [6]
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Digitoxin Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [7]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Metabolism [8]
Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) DEYWLRK ST1A1_HUMAN Metabolism [9]
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Digitoxin Interacts with 22 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Transport [10]
Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) OTLDT7NR NOS3_HUMAN Increases Activity [11]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 (CHEK1) OTTTI622 CHK1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [12]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5) OTILXZYL BIRC5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [12]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 (CHEK2) OT8ZPCNS CHK2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [12]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Decreases Expression [12]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) OTW1SC2N CDK1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [12]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) OTS7T5VH IL8_HUMAN Decreases Secretion [13]
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 (CCNB1) OT19S7E5 CCNB1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [12]
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (RPS6KB1) OTAELNGX KS6B1_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [14]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1) OT8HPTKJ CCND1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [14]
NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA) OTFT924M IKBA_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [13]
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6) OT33XNZM PTN6_HUMAN Increases Expression [14]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A) OTQWHCZE CDN1A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [12]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [12]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) OTNY5LLZ CDN1B_HUMAN Decreases Expression [12]
Caspase-9 (CASP9) OTD4RFFG CASP9_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [12]
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN (PTEN) OTOWDUNT PTEN_HUMAN Increases Expression [14]
Cytochrome c (CYCS) OTBFALJD CYC_HUMAN Increases Expression [12]
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1) OTHBQVD5 4EBP1_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [14]
Caspase-8 (CASP8) OTA8TVI8 CASP8_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [12]
E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS3 (PIAS3) OT3TWH9R PIAS3_HUMAN Increases Expression [14]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 22 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Busulfan
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 2A20.0 Approved [3]
Hematologic disease 3C0Z Approved [3]
Immunodeficiency 4A00-4A85 Approved [3]
Leukemia N.A. Approved [3]
Myeloproliferative syndrome 2A22 Approved [4]
Systemic lupus erythematosus 4A40.0 Approved [3]
Systemic sclerosis 4A42 Approved [3]
Neuroblastoma 2D11.2 Investigative [3]
Retinoblastoma 2D02.2 Investigative [3]
Busulfan Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA) TTUTN1I NOUNIPROTAC Modulator [16]
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Busulfan Interacts with 6 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [17]
Glutathione S-transferase alpha-1 (GSTA1) DE4ZHS1 GSTA1_HUMAN Metabolism [18]
Glutathione S-transferase alpha-2 (GSTA2) DEH49YS GSTA2_HUMAN Metabolism [19]
Glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) DEK6079 GSTP1_HUMAN Metabolism [20]
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (MGST2) DE31KMQ MGST2_HUMAN Metabolism [21]
Glutathione S-transferase mu-1 (GSTM1) DEYZEJA GSTM1_HUMAN Metabolism [20]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 6 DME(s)
Busulfan Interacts with 34 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1) OTLP0A0Y GSTP1_HUMAN Affects Abundance [22]
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) OTSBF2MO GSTM1_HUMAN Affects Abundance [22]
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (MGST2) OT4UGTDO MGST2_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [21]
Glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) OTA7K5XA GSTA1_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [23]
Serotransferrin (TF) OT41PEMS TRFE_HUMAN Increases Expression [24]
Inhibin beta A chain (INHBA) OTSP64PQ INHBA_HUMAN Increases Expression [24]
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2) OT75U9M4 PGH2_HUMAN Increases Expression [24]
Antithrombin-III (SERPINC1) OTDFATG0 ANT3_HUMAN Affects Expression [25]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1) OTV5XHVH TGFB1_HUMAN Increases Expression [26]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) OT4IE164 TNFA_HUMAN Increases Expression [26]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) OTE4EFH8 CP1A1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [27]
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1) OTT0MPQ3 PAI1_HUMAN Increases Expression [26]
Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) OT0ECWK3 TSP1_HUMAN Increases Expression [26]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1) OT310QSG PARP1_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [28]
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) OTA0FX16 TFPI1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [26]
Histone H2AX (H2AX) OT18UX57 H2AX_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [28]
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 (ATF4) OTRFV19J ATF4_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit (NFKB1) OTNRRD8I NFKB1_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Increases Activity [29]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Increases Activity [29]
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) OTFE4EYE AHR_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) OTHMARHO PPARG_HUMAN Affects Expression [15]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A) OTQWHCZE CDN1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [29]
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta (STAT1) OTLMBUZ6 STAT1_HUMAN Affects Expression [15]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Activity [30]
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) OTO9G2RZ STAT2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
Caspase-8 (CASP8) OTA8TVI8 CASP8_HUMAN Increases Activity [28]
Metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1) OTJWVLLF MTF1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) OT0HENJ5 NF2L2_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) OTADSC03 HIF1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Pseudouridylate synthase 7 homolog (PUS7) OTE5AQHJ PUS7_HUMAN Increases Expression [31]
DNA repair nuclease/redox regulator APEX1 (APEX1) OT53OI14 APEX1_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [32]
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1 (ARHGDIA) OTEXWJDO GDIR1_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [30]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 34 DOT(s)

References

1 Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
2 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6782).
3 Busulfan FDA Label
4 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7136).
5 Treatment of congestive heart failure--current status of use of digitoxin. Eur J Clin Invest. 2001;31 Suppl 2:10-7.
6 The association of ABCB1 polymorphisms and elevated serum digitoxin concentrations in geriatric patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Apr;64(4):367-72.
7 Species differences in the toxicity and cytochrome P450 IIIA-dependent metabolism of digitoxin. Mol Pharmacol. 1991 Nov;40(5):859-67.
8 Use of a human liver microsome bank in drug glucuronidation studies. Toxicol In Vitro. 1991;5(5-6):559-62.
9 Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase and a specific UDP-glucuronosyltransferase are involved in the metabolism of digitoxin in man. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1992 Aug;346(2):226-33.
10 Heterogeneous transport of digitalis-like compounds by P-glycoprotein in vesicular and cellular assays. Toxicol In Vitro. 2016 Apr;32:138-45. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.12.009. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
11 Digitoxin elicits anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective properties in endothelial cells: Therapeutic implications for the treatment of atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis. 2009 Oct;206(2):390-6.
12 Digitoxin and a synthetic monosaccharide analog inhibit cell viability in lung cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Jan 1;258(1):51-60. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.10.007. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
13 Digitoxin mimics gene therapy with CFTR and suppresses hypersecretion of IL-8 from cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 18;101(20):7693-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402030101. Epub 2004 May 10.
14 Digitoxin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and migration by reducing HIF-1 and STAT3 in KRAS mutant human colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Jan 5;351:109729. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109729. Epub 2021 Oct 28.
15 Direct transcriptomic comparison of xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity pathway induction of airway epithelium models at an air-liquid interface generated from induced pluripotent stem cells and primary bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2023 Feb;39(1):1-18. doi: 10.1007/s10565-022-09726-0. Epub 2022 May 31.
16 DNA intrastrand cross-link at the 5'-GA-3' sequence formed by busulfan and its role in the cytotoxic effect. Cancer Sci. 2004 May;95(5):454-8.
17 Update: clinically significant cytochrome P-450 drug interactions. Pharmacotherapy. 1998 Jan-Feb;18(1):84-112.
18 Glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism: a risk factor for hepatic venoocclusive disease in bone marrow transplantation. Blood. 2004 Sep 1;104(5):1574-7.
19 Endothelial cells do not express GSTA1: potential relevance to busulfan-mediated endothelial damage during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Eur J Haematol. 2008 Apr;80(4):299-302.
20 Busulfan conjugation by glutathione S-transferases alpha, mu, and pi. Drug Metab Dispos. 1996 Sep;24(9):1015-9.
21 Overexpression of glutathione-S-transferase, MGSTII, confers resistance to busulfan and melphalan. Cancer Invest. 2005;23(1):19-25.
22 Influence of glutathione S-transferase A1, P1, M1, T1 polymorphisms on oral busulfan pharmacokinetics in children with congenital hemoglobinopathies undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Dec 1;55(6):1172-9. doi: 10.1002/pbc.22739.
23 Overexpression of glutathione S-transferase A1-1 in ECV 304 cells protects against busulfan mediated G2-arrest and induces tissue factor expression. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Dec;137(7):1100-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704972.
24 Busulfan induces activin A expression in vitro and in vivo: a possible link to venous occlusive disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Sep;74(3):264-74.
25 Decreased incidence of hepatic veno-occlusive disease and fewer hemostatic derangements associated with intravenous busulfan vs oral busulfan in adults conditioned with busulfan + cyclophosphamide for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Ann Hematol. 2005 May;84(5):321-30. doi: 10.1007/s00277-004-0982-4. Epub 2004 Dec 4.
26 Antineoplastic agent busulfan regulates a network of genes related to coagulation and fibrinolysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;68(6):923-35. doi: 10.1007/s00228-011-1209-y.
27 Association of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inhibition in in vitro assays with drug-induced liver injury. J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(4):167-176. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.167.
28 Altered gene expression in busulfan-resistant human myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res. 2008 Nov;32(11):1684-97. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.01.016. Epub 2008 Mar 12.
29 Busulfan selectively induces cellular senescence but not apoptosis in WI38 fibroblasts via a p53-independent but extracellular signal-regulated kinase-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Nov;319(2):551-60. doi: 10.1124/jpet.106.107771. Epub 2006 Aug 1.
30 Reduced expression of Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor-alpha modulates the cytotoxic effect of busulfan in HEK293 cells. Anticancer Drugs. 2007 Mar;18(3):333-40. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0b013e328011fd7f.
31 CD34+ derived macrophage and dendritic cells display differential responses to paraquat. Toxicol In Vitro. 2021 Sep;75:105198. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105198. Epub 2021 Jun 9.
32 Impairment of APE1 function enhances cellular sensitivity to clinically relevant alkylators and antimetabolites. Mol Cancer Res. 2009 Jun;7(6):897-906. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0519. Epub 2009 May 26.