Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCJKVRN)

• Drug Combination Name: Mycophenolate mofetil + Allopurinol
• Indication: Small-cell Lung Cancer; Status: Phase 1 [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Mycophenolate mofetil (DMPQAGE): Small molecular drug
  Allopurinol (DMLPAOB): Small molecular drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Mycophenolate mofetil

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Interstitial cystitis	GC00.3	Approved	[2]
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia	2A90.1	Approved	[2]
Lupus nephritis	4A40.0Y	Approved	[2]
MALT lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Myeloid leukaemia	2B33.1	Approved	[2]
Myeloproliferative neoplasm	2A20	Approved	[2]
Nodal marginal zone lymphoma	2A85.0	Approved	[2]
Organ transplant rejection	NE84	Approved	[3]
Primary cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Recurrent adult burkitt lymphoma	2A85.6	Approved	[2]
Small intestine lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Systemic lupus erythematosus	4A40.0	Approved	[2]
Testicular lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Pemphigus vulgaris	EB40	Phase 3	[3]
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma	N.A.	Investigative	[2]
Immune System disease	4A01-4B41	Investigative	[4]
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)	1D64	Investigative	[5]

Mycophenolate mofetil Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 (PTGER2)	TT1ZAVI	PE2R2_HUMAN	Modulator	[4]
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2)	TTTB4UP	IMDH2_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[8]

Mycophenolate mofetil Interacts with 5 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2)	DTFI42L	MRP2_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DT9C1TS	SO1B3_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]

Mycophenolate mofetil Interacts with 8 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)	DEYGVN4	UD11_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7)	DEB3CV1	UD2B7_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9)	DE85D2P	UD19_HUMAN	Metabolism	[13]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 (UGT1A6)	DESD26P	UD16_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10 (UGT1A10)	DEL5N6Y	UD110_HUMAN	Metabolism	[14]

Indication(s) of Allopurinol

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Gout	FA25	Approved	[6]
Hyperuricaemia	5C55.Y	Approved	[7]
Recurrent adult burkitt lymphoma	2A85.6	Approved	[6]

Allopurinol Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XDH)	TT7RJY8	XDH_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[16]

Allopurinol Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Organic anion transporter 2 (SLC22A7)	DT0OC1Q	S22A7_HUMAN	Substrate	[17]
Organic anion transporter 3 (SLC22A8)	DTVP67E	S22A8_HUMAN	Substrate	[18]

Allopurinol Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
RNA cytidine acetyltransferase (hALP)	DEZV4AP	NAT10_HUMAN	Metabolism	[19]

Allopurinol Interacts with 30 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Solute carrier family 22 member 7 (SLC22A7)	OTKTNH1W	S22A7_HUMAN	Increases Transport	[20]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain (HLA-B)	OTNXFWY2	HLAB_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[21]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, C alpha chain (HLA-C)	OTV38BUJ	HLAC_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[22]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain (HLA-A)	OTAH14LU	HLAA_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[23]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain (HLA-DQB1)	OTVVI3UI	DQB1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[22]
Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2)	OTN44YQ5	TMPS2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[24]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 (ERN1)	OTY9R6FZ	ERN1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[25]
Protein c-Fos (FOS)	OTJBUVWS	FOS_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[26]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	OT4IE164	TNFA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[27]
Apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3)	OTW3520C	APOC3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[25]
Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB)	OTH0UOCZ	APOB_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[25]
Protein disulfide-isomerase (P4HB)	OTTYNYPF	PDIA1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[25]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)	OTC1W6UX	HMOX1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[28]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[28]
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (HSPA5)	OTFUIRAO	BIP_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[25]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[27]
Platelet glycoprotein 4 (CD36)	OT5CZWKY	CD36_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[25]
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha (ATF6)	OTAFHAVI	ATF6A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[25]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[27]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[27]
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (DDIT3)	OTI8YKKE	DDIT3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[25]
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit (MTTP)	OTNUVSDT	MTP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[25]
Cytochrome P450 4A11 (CYP4A11)	OTPU5J0S	CP4AB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[29]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA)	OTK095PP	PPARA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[29]
Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1)	OTM0A0DY	ACOX1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[29]
Angiopoietin-related protein 3 (ANGPTL3)	OTCD5Z9W	ANGL3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[25]
Glycophorin-A (GYPA)	OTABU4YV	GLPA_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[30]
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)	OTOOXLIN	PERM_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[30]
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1)	OTTOIX77	ICAM1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[30]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen protein P5 (HCP5)	OTV0YRI8	HCP5_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[31]

References

• [1] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05049863) Chemotherapy in Patients With Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer in Combination With Allopurinol and MycoPhenolate (CLAMP Trial)
• [2] Mycophenolate mofetil FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6831).
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 341).
• [5] High-Throughput Screening and Identification of Potent Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Coronaviruses. J Virol. 2019 May 29;93(12). pii: e00023-19.
• [6] Allopurinol FDA Label
• [7] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6795).
• [8] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Roche (2009).
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• [12] Characterization of rat intestinal microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward mycophenolic acid. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Sep;34(9):1632-9.
• [13] The evolution of population pharmacokinetic models to describe the enterohepatic recycling of mycophenolic acid in solid organ transplantation and autoimmune disease. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011 Jan;50(1):1-24.
• [14] [Pharmacology of mycophenolate mofetil: recent data and clinical consequences]. Nephrologie. 2001;22(7):331-7.
• [15] Uric acid-lowering treatment with benzbromarone in patients with heart failure: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover preliminary study. Circ Heart Fail. 2010 Jan;3(1):73-81.
• [16] Allopurinol: xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Tex Med. 1966 Jan;62(1):100-1.
• [17] Isolation, characterization and differential gene expression of multispecific organic anion transporter 2 in mice. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;62(1):7-14.
• [18] Renal transport of organic compounds mediated by mouse organic anion transporter 3 (mOat3): further substrate specificity of mOat3. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 May;32(5):479-83.
• [19] Xanthine oxidase inhibition by allopurinol affects the reliability of urinary caffeine metabolic ratios as markers for N-acetyltransferase 2 and CYP1A2 activities. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Jan;54(11):869-76.
• [20] Transport mechanism and substrate specificity of human organic anion transporter 2 (hOat2 [SLC22A7]). J Pharm Pharmacol. 2005 May;57(5):573-8.
• [21] HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Mar 15;102(11):4134-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0409500102. Epub 2005 Mar 2.
• [22] A study of HLA class I and class II 4-digit allele level in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Int J Immunogenet. 2011 Aug;38(4):303-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-313X.2011.01011.x. Epub 2011 May 4.
• [23] Positive and negative associations of HLA class I alleles with allopurinol-induced SCARs in Koreans. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 May;21(5):303-7. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32834282b8.
• [24] Effect of common medications on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors in liver tissue. Arch Toxicol. 2020 Dec;94(12):4037-4041. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02869-1. Epub 2020 Aug 17.
• [25] Drug-induced hepatic steatosis in absence of severe mitochondrial dysfunction in HepaRG cells: proof of multiple mechanism-based toxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2021 Apr;37(2):151-175. doi: 10.1007/s10565-020-09537-1. Epub 2020 Jun 14.
• [26] Selection of drugs to test the specificity of the Tg.AC assay by screening for induction of the gadd153 promoter in vitro. Toxicol Sci. 2003 Aug;74(2):260-70. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg113. Epub 2003 May 2.
• [27] Allopurinol induces innate immune responses through mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in HL-60 cells. J Appl Toxicol. 2016 Sep;36(9):1120-8. doi: 10.1002/jat.3272. Epub 2015 Dec 7.
• [28] Systemic drugs inducing non-immediate cutaneous adverse reactions and contact sensitizers evoke similar responses in THP-1 cells. J Appl Toxicol. 2015 Apr;35(4):398-406. doi: 10.1002/jat.3033. Epub 2014 Aug 4.
• [29] Allopurinol Protects Against Cholestatic Liver Injury in Mice Not Through Depletion of Uric Acid. Toxicol Sci. 2021 May 27;181(2):295-305. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab034.
• [30] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [31] Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for human leukocyte antigen-B genotype and allopurinol dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Feb;93(2):153-8. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2012.209. Epub 2012 Oct 17.