Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCQ0CDC)

• Drug Combination Name: Theophylline + cortisone
• Indication: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Status: Phase 4 [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Theophylline (DMRJFN9): Small molecular drug
  cortisone (DMU5QZX): Small molecular drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Theophylline

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Bronchitis	CA20	Approved	[2]
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Approved	[3]
Lung cancer	2C25.0	Approved	[2]
Non-small-cell lung cancer	2C25.Y	Approved	[2]
Pulmonary disease	1B10-1F85	Approved	[2]
Pulmonary emphysema	CA21.Z	Approved	[2]
Severe asthma	CA23	Approved	[2]
Asthma	CA23	Investigative	[2]

Theophylline Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Adenosine receptor (ADOR)	TTSLI08	NOUNIPROTAC	Antagonist	[5]

Theophylline Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Organic anion transporter 2 (SLC22A7)	DT0OC1Q	S22A7_HUMAN	Substrate	[6]

Theophylline Interacts with 6 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	DE6OQ3W	CP1A1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DEVDYN7	CP2E1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	DE9QHP6	CP1B1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]

Theophylline Interacts with 4 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	OTHQ17JG	CP2E1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[12]
Renin (REN)	OT52GZR2	RENI_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[12]
Alanine aminotransferase 1 (GPT)	OTOXOA0Q	ALAT1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[12]
Cyclic GMP-AMP phosphodiesterase SMPDL3A (SMPDL3A)	OTQDYH8E	ASM3A_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[12]

Indication(s) of cortisone

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Atopic dermatitis	EA80	Approved	[4]

cortisone Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]

cortisone Interacts with 8 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B)	OT0DWXXB	IL1B_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Interleukin-6 (IL6)	OTUOSCCU	IL6_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1)	OTCI2YDI	GCR_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[15]
Mineralocorticoid receptor (NR3C2)	OT0F2V2Z	MCR_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[15]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A)	OTHCDQ22	PRGC1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD11B2)	OTHF4H9U	DHI2_HUMAN	Increases Chemical Synthesis	[17]
11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11B1)	OTO7FJA9	DHI1_HUMAN	Increases Metabolism	[18]
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 7 (DHRS7)	OTV729DT	DHRS7_HUMAN	Increases Reduction	[19]

References

• [1] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02261727) Theophylline and Steroids in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Study
• [2] Theophylline FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 413).
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5171).
• [5] Emerging adenosine receptor agonists. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2007 Sep;12(3):479-92.
• [6] Possible involvement of organic anion transporter 2 on the interaction of theophylline with erythromycin in the human liver. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 May;33(5):619-22.
• [7] Characterization of human cytochromes P450 involved in theophylline 8-hydroxylation. Biochem Pharmacol. 1995 Jul 17;50(2):205-11.
• [8] Association between common CYP1A2 polymorphisms and theophylline metabolism in non-smoking healthy volunteers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013 Apr;112(4):257-63.
• [9] Specificity of substrate and inhibitor probes for human cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1993 Apr;265(1):401-7.
• [10] Construction and assessment of models of CYP2E1: predictions of metabolism from docking, molecular dynamics, and density functional theoretical calculations. J Med Chem. 2003 Apr 24;46(9):1645-60.
• [11] Oxidation of xenobiotics by recombinant human cytochrome P450 1B1. Drug Metab Dispos. 1997 May;25(5):617-22.
• [12] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [13] Structural determinants of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of glucocorticoids. Pharm Res. 2003 Nov;20(11):1794-803.
• [14] Effect of PFOS on glucocorticoid-induced changes in human decidual stromal cells in the first trimester of pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol. 2016 Aug;63:142-50.
• [15] The human mineralocorticoid receptor only partially differentiates between different ligands after expression in fission yeast. FEMS Yeast Res. 2005 Apr;5(6-7):627-33. doi: 10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.12.007.
• [16] A cardiac-specific robotized cellular assay identified families of human ligands as inducers of PGC-1 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46753. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046753. Epub 2012 Oct 3.
• [17] Species-specific differences in the inhibition of human and zebrafish 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 by thiram and organotins. Toxicology. 2012 Nov 15;301(1-3):72-8.
• [18] Local amplification of glucocorticoids by 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 promotes macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes. J Immunol. 2006 Jun 15;176(12):7605-11. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.12.7605.
• [19] Biochemical properties of human dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 7. Chem Biol Interact. 2014 Jan 25;207:52-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.11.003. Epub 2013 Nov 16.