Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Interaction Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DMJX6ZG)

Drug Name
Codeine Drug Info
Synonyms
codeine; Methylmorphine; Codeine anhydrous; Codicept; l-Codeine; Coducept; Morphine monomethyl ether; Morphine 3-methyl ether; 76-57-3; (-)-Codeine; O3-Methylmorphine; codeinum; Morphine-3-methyl ether; Codein; Norcodine, N-methyl; Norcodeine, N-methyl; CODEINE BASE; Codeine polistirex; codeina; O(3)-methylmorphine; CCRIS 7555; Morphine-3-methyl ester; HSDB 3043; UNII-UX6OWY2V7J; CHEBI:16714; EINECS 200-969-1; UX6OWY2V7J; Morphinan-6-ol, 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-, (5alpha,6alpha)-; Codeine Anhydrate
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [1]
Common cold CA00 Approved [1]
Fever MG26 Approved [1]
Headache 8A80-8A84 Approved [1]
Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [2]
Rhinitis FA20 Approved [1]
Cough MD12 Phase 1 [2]
Therapeutic Class
Analgesics
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
5284371
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:16714
CAS Number
CAS 76-57-3
TTD Drug ID
DMJX6ZG
VARIDT Drug ID
DR00055
INTEDE Drug ID
DR0366
ACDINA Drug ID
D00148

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DTP
DME
DOT
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Download the Complete Related Drug List
Drug(s) Targeting Opioid receptor delta (OPRD1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hydromorphone DMHP21E Back pain ME84.Z Approved [14]
Loperamide DMOJZQ9 Diarrhea ME05.1 Approved [15]
Eluxadoline DMYZ0P1 Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome DD91.01 Approved [16]
Oxycodone DMXLKHV Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [17]
Butorphanol DM5KYPJ Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [3]
Carfentanil DM7ADGX N. A. N. A. Phase 2 [18]
Met-enkephalin DMSZFTP Pain MG30-MG3Z Phase 2 [19]
AZD-2327 DM8FZOG Anxiety disorder 6B00-6B0Z Phase 2 [20]
ADL-5747 DMMUPTN Pain MG30-MG3Z Phase 2 [21]
ADL-5859 DMDQH9A Rheumatoid arthritis FA20 Phase 2 [21]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Transported By Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Dinoprostone DMTYOPD Medical abortion JA00.1Z Approved [22]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [23]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [24]
Oxaliplatin DMQNWRD Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [25]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [26]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [27]
Sorafenib DMS8IFC Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [28]
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [29]
Dopamine DMPGUCF Acromegaly 5A60.0 Approved [30]
Propranolol DM79NTF Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [31]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [32]
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [33]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [34]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [35]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [36]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [37]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [38]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [39]
Prasterone DM67VKL Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [33]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [40]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [41]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [42]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [43]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [44]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [45]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [46]
Mycophenolate mofetil DMPQAGE Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma Approved [47]
Metronidazole DMTIVEN Abscess Approved [5]
Propofol DMB4OLE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [48]
Ethanol DMDRQZU Chronic pain MG30 Approved [49]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [50]
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [51]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [52]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [36]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [40]
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [53]
Propofol DMB4OLE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [54]
Dopamine DMPGUCF Acromegaly 5A60.0 Approved [55]
Nicotine DMWX5CO Lung cancer 2C25.0 Approved [56]
Propranolol DM79NTF Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [57]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [58]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [59]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [59]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [59]
Prasterone DM67VKL Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [8]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [60]
Sorafenib DMS8IFC Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [59]
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [59]
Irinotecan DMP6SC2 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [59]
Metronidazole DMTIVEN Abscess Approved [61]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [62]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [63]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [40]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [64]
Mycophenolate mofetil DMPQAGE Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma Approved [65]
Ibuprofen DM8VCBE Dysmenorrhea GA34.3 Approved [40]
PITAVASTATIN CALCIUM DM1UJO0 Dyslipidemia 5C80-5C81 Approved [66]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [67]
Ezetimibe DM7A8TW Atherosclerosis BD40 Approved [68]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [69]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 (UGT2B4)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Labetalol DMK8U72 Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [70]
Canagliflozin DMFRM1I Non-insulin dependent diabetes 5A11 Approved [71]
Dihydrocodeine DMB0FWL Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Phase 4 [72]
Drug(s) Affected By C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Indinavir DM0T3YH Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [73]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [74]
Gefitinib DM15F0X Colon adenocarcinoma Approved [75]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [76]
Imiquimod DM1TMA3 Alopecia areata ED70.2 Approved [77]
Methimazole DM25FL8 Hyperthyroidism 5A02 Approved [78]
TECFIDERA DM2OVDT Multiple sclerosis 8A40 Approved [79]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [80]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [81]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [82]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Metoclopramide DMFA5MY Nausea MD90 Approved [83]
Quinidine DMLPICK N. A. N. A. Approved [84]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [85]
Erythromycin DM4K7GQ Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [86]
Clarithromycin DM4M1SG Acute maxillary sinusitis Approved [86]
Disopyramide DM5SYZP Long QT syndrome BC65.0 Approved [87]
Propranolol DM79NTF Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [88]
Amiodarone DMUTEX3 Tachyarrhythmias BC71 Approved [89]
Dofetilide DMPN1TW Sinus rhythm disorder BC9Y Approved [90]
Flecainide DMSQDLE Tachyarrhythmias BC71 Approved [86]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Cocaine esterase (CES2)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Dexamethasone DMMWZET Acute adrenal insufficiency Approved [91]
Irinotecan DMP6SC2 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [92]
Dextropropoxyphene DM23HCX Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [93]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [94]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [95]
Tacrine DM51FY6 Alzheimer disease 8A20 Approved [96]
Rifampicin DM5DSFZ Non-insulin dependent diabetes 5A11 Approved [97]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [98]
Testosterone enanthate DMB6871 N. A. N. A. Approved [99]
Cantharidin DMBP5N3 Molluscum contagiosum infection 1E76 Approved [100]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas
Download the Complete Interaction Atlas for Visualization in Cytoscape

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Opioid receptor delta (OPRD1) TT27RFC OPRD_HUMAN Agonist [3]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1) DTT79CX S22A1_HUMAN Substrate [4]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Substrate [5]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DECB0K3 CP2D6_HUMAN Substrate [6]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Substrate [7]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7) DERD86B CP3A7_HUMAN Substrate [8]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) Main DME DEB3CV1 UD2B7_HUMAN Substrate [9]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 (UGT2B4) Main DME DENUPDX UD2B4_HUMAN Substrate [10]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) OTAD2HEL CCL2_HUMAN Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes [11]
Cocaine esterase (CES2) OTC647SQ EST2_HUMAN Biotransformations [12]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2) OTZX881H KCNH2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [13]

References

1 Codeine FDA Label
2 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 1673).
3 Butorphanol: effects of a prototypical agonist-antagonist analgesic on kappa-opioid receptors. J Pharmacol Sci. 2005 Jun;98(2):109-16.
4 Association of Organic Cation Transporter 1 With Intolerance to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A GoDARTS Study. Diabetes. 2015 May;64(5):1786-93.
5 Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201-8.
6 Polymorphism of human cytochrome P450 2D6 and its clinical significance: Part I. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2009;48(11):689-723.
7 Evaluation of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, morphine, and codeine as probe substrates for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) in human liver microsomes: specificity and influence of the UGT2B7*2 polymorphism. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Sep;31(9):1125-33.
8 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
9 Human UGT2B7 catalyzes morphine glucuronidation. Drug Metab Dispos. 1997 Jan;25(1):1-4.
10 Methadone inhibits CYP2D6 and UGT2B7/2B4 in vivo: a study using codeine in methadone- and buprenorphine-maintained subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 May;73(5):786-94.
11 Codeine induces human mast cell chemokine and cytokine production: involvement of G-protein activation. Allergy. 2007 May;62(5):532-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01345.x.
12 Contribution of human esterases to the metabolism of selected drugs of abuse. Toxicol Lett. 2015 Jan 5;232(1):159-66. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.026. Epub 2014 Oct 24.
13 Effects of common antitussive drugs on the hERG potassium channel current. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2008 Dec;52(6):494-9. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0b013e31818eec8d.
14 Identification of opioid ligands possessing mixed micro agonist/delta antagonist activity among pyridomorphinans derived from naloxone, oxymorphone, and hydromorphone [correction of hydropmorphone]. J Med Chem. 2004 Mar 11;47(6):1400-12.
15 Loperamide: evidence of interaction with mu and delta opioid receptors. Life Sci. 1983;33 Suppl 1:315-8.
16 Molecular characterization of eluxadoline as a potential ligand targeting mu-delta opioid receptor heteromers.Biochem Pharmacol.2014 Dec 1;92(3):448-56.
17 Oxycodone: a pharmacological and clinical review. Clin Transl Oncol. 2007 May;9(5):298-307.
18 Wax PM, Becker CE, Curry SC: Unexpected gas casualties in Moscow: a medical toxicology perspective. Ann Emerg Med. 2003 May;41(5):700-5.
19 Delta-opioid receptor agonists inhibit neuromuscular transmission in human colon. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Sep 1;262(1-2):33-9.
20 Preclinical pharmacology of AZD2327: a highly selective agonist of the delta-opioid receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 Jul;338(1):195-204.
21 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 317).
22 Are organic cation transporters capable of transporting prostaglandins? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2005 Aug;372(2):125-30.
23 Cisplatin and oxaliplatin, but not carboplatin and nedaplatin, are substrates for human organic cation transporters (SLC22A1-3 and multidrug and toxin extrusion family). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Nov;319(2):879-86.
24 Pharmacologic markers and predictors of responses to imatinib therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008 Apr;49(4):639-42.
25 Organic cation transporters are determinants of oxaliplatin cytotoxicity. Cancer Res. 2006 Sep 1;66(17):8847-57.
26 Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
27 Implications of genetic polymorphisms in drug transporters for pharmacotherapy. Cancer Lett. 2006 Mar 8;234(1):4-33.
28 Upregulation of histone acetylation reverses organic anion transporter 2 repression and enhances 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma
29 Comparison of type I and type II organic cation transport by organic cation transporters and organic anion-transporting polypeptides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Jul;298(1):110-5.
30 Organic cation transporters and their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2008;23(4):243-53.
31 Influx Transport of Cationic Drug at the Blood-Retinal Barrier: Impact on the Retinal Delivery of Neuroprotectants. Biol Pharm Bull. 2017;40(8):1139-1145.
32 Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
33 Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
34 Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75.
35 Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):263-9.
36 Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
37 Potent mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 by imatinib explains its liability to interact with CYP3A4 substrates. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2787-98.
38 Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
39 The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver microsomes in vitro: formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):267-76.
40 Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
41 Functional significance of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase variants in the metabolism of active tamoxifen metabolites. Cancer Res. 2009 Mar 1;69(5):1892-900.
42 Functional characterization of human and cynomolgus monkey UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 enzymes. Life Sci. 2010 Aug 14;87(7-8):261-8.
43 Effect of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A polymorphism (rs8330 and rs10929303) on glucuronidation status of acetaminophen. Dose Response. 2017 Sep 11;15(3):1559325817723731.
44 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 is the principal enzyme responsible for etoposide glucuronidation in human liver and intestinal microsomes: structural characterization of phenolic and alcoholic glucuronides of etoposide and estimation of enzyme kinetics. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Mar;35(3):371-80.
45 Interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics of generic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in TB/HIV-coinfected Ghanaian patients: UGT2B7*1c is associated with faster zidovudine clearance and glucuronidation. J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Sep;49(9):1079-90.
46 Effect of aging on glucuronidation of valproic acid in human liver microsomes and the role of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A4, UGT1A8, and UGT1A10. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Jan;37(1):229-36.
47 Characterization of rat intestinal microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward mycophenolic acid. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Sep;34(9):1632-9.
48 Substrate-dependent modulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) by propofol in recombinant human UGT1A1 and human liver microsomes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 Sep;101(3):211-4.
49 Identification and preliminary characterization of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases catalyzing formation of ethyl glucuronide. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2014 Apr;406(9-10):2325-32.
50 Inhibitory effects of anticancer drugs on dextromethorphan-O-demethylase activity in human liver microsomes. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1993;32(6):491-5.
51 Effect of genetic polymorphism on the metabolism of endogenous neuroactive substances, progesterone and p-tyramine, catalyzed by CYP2D6. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2004 Oct 22;129(1-2):117-23.
52 CYP2D6 polymorphisms and tamoxifen metabolism: clinical relevance. Curr Oncol Rep. 2010 Jan;12(1):7-15.
53 Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2D6: structure-activity studies using a series of quinidine and quinine analogues. Chem Res Toxicol. 2003 Apr;16(4):450-9.
54 Effects of propofol on human hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 activities. Xenobiotica. 1998 Sep;28(9):845-53.
55 Pharmacogenetics of schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 2000 Spring;97(1):98-106.
56 Roles of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in nicotine C-oxidation by human liver microsomes. Arch Toxicol. 1999 Mar;73(2):65-70.
57 Structure-activity relationship for human cytochrome P450 substrates and inhibitors. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):69-82.
58 The role of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoform(s) in oxidative metabolism of testosterone and benzphetamine in human adult and fetal liver. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1993 Jan;44(1):61-7.
59 Drug Interactions Flockhart Table
60 Prediction of cytochrome P450 3A inhibition by verapamil enantiomers and their metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Feb;32(2):259-66.
61 The role of human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the formation of 2-hydroxymetronidazole: CYP2A6 is the high affinity (low Km) catalyst. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Sep;41(9):1686-94.
62 Metabolism and transport of tamoxifen in relation to its effectiveness: new perspectives on an ongoing controversy. Future Oncol. 2014 Jan;10(1):107-22.
63 Determination of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT2B7 activity in human liver microsomes by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with MS detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2008 Jul 1;870(1):84-90.
64 Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of lorazepam and valproic acid in relation to UGT2B7 genetic polymorphism in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Apr;83(4):595-600.
65 PharmGKB summary: mycophenolic acid pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2014 Jan;24(1):73-9.
66 Pitavastatin: a review in hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2017 Apr;17(2):157-168.
67 Troglitazone glucuronidation in human liver and intestine microsomes: high catalytic activity of UGT1A8 and UGT1A10. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Dec;30(12):1462-9.
68 Ezetimibe: a review of its metabolism, pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(5):467-94.
69 Pharmacogenomics of statins: understanding susceptibility to adverse effects. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2016 Oct 3;9:97-106.
70 Regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 by progesterone and its impact on labetalol elimination. Xenobiotica. 2008 Jan;38(1):62-75.
71 Effects of rifampin, cyclosporine A, and probenecid on the pharmacokinetic profile of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in healthy participants. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Feb;53(2):115-28.
72 Adult and infant pharmacokinetic profiling of dihydrocodeine using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2019 Nov;40(9):350-357.
73 Some HIV antiretrovirals increase oxidative stress and alter chemokine, cytokine or adiponectin production in human adipocytes and macrophages. Antivir Ther. 2007;12(4):489-500.
74 Arsenite and cadmium promote the development of mammary tumors. Carcinogenesis. 2020 Jul 14;41(7):1005-1014. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgz176.
75 Crosstalk between alveolar macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells/fibroblasts contributes to the pulmonary toxicity of gefitinib. Toxicol Lett. 2021 Mar 1;338:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.11.011. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
76 Oxidative Stress Alters miRNA and Gene Expression Profiles in Villous First Trimester Trophoblasts. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:257090. doi: 10.1155/2015/257090. Epub 2015 Aug 3.
77 Cannabidiol selectively modulates interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 production in toll-like receptor activated human peripheral blood monocytes. Toxicology. 2021 Dec;464:153016. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153016. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
78 Monitoring of deiodinase deficiency based on transcriptomic responses in SH-SY5Y cells. Arch Toxicol. 2013 Jun;87(6):1103-13. doi: 10.1007/s00204-013-1018-4. Epub 2013 Feb 10.
79 Dimethyl Fumarate Inhibits the Nuclear Factor B Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells by Covalent Modification of p65 Protein. J Biol Chem. 2016 Feb 12;291(7):3639-47. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.679704. Epub 2015 Dec 18.
80 The contribution of methotrexate exposure and host factors on transcriptional variance in human liver. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Jun;97(2):582-94.
81 Simvastatin reduces expression of cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in circulating monocytes from hypercholesterolemic patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002 Jul 1;22(7):1194-9. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.0000022694.16328.cc.
82 Plant polyphenols differentially modulate inflammatory responses of human keratinocytes by interfering with activation of transcription factors NFB and AhR and EGFR-ERK pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Sep 1;255(2):138-49.
83 Comparison of the effects of metoclopramide and domperidone on HERG channels. Pharmacology. 2005 Apr;74(1):31-6. doi: 10.1159/000083234. Epub 2005 Jan 7.
84 Further insights into the effect of quinidine in short QT syndrome caused by a mutation in HERG. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2005 Jan;16(1):54-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2005.04470.x.
85 Automated tight seal electrophysiology for assessing the potential hERG liability of pharmaceutical compounds. Assay Drug Dev Technol. 2004 Oct;2(5):497-506. doi: 10.1089/adt.2004.2.497.
86 Refining the human iPSC-cardiomyocyte arrhythmic risk assessment model. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):581-94. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft205. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
87 Pharmacology of the short QT syndrome N588K-hERG K+ channel mutation: differential impact on selected class I and class III antiarrhythmic drugs. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Nov;155(6):957-66. doi: 10.1038/bjp.2008.325. Epub 2008 Aug 25.
88 Comparison of HERG channel blocking effects of various beta-blockers-- implication for clinical strategy. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Mar;147(6):642-52. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706508.
89 Inhibitory effects of the class III antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone on cloned HERG potassium channels. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1999 Mar;359(3):212-9. doi: 10.1007/pl00005344.
90 Redox state dependency of HERGS631C channel pharmacology: relation to C-type inactivation. FEBS Lett. 2000 May 26;474(1):111-5. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01586-6.
91 Dexamethasone differentially regulates expression of carboxylesterase genes in humans and rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):186-91.
92 Transcriptional activation of the carboxylesterase 2 gene by the p53 pathway. Cancer Biol Ther. 2006 Nov;5(11):1450-6.
93 Binding and hydrolysis of meperidine by human liver carboxylesterase hCE-1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Jul;290(1):314-8.
94 Global molecular effects of tocilizumab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Jan;66(1):15-23.
95 Comparison of phenotypic and transcriptomic effects of false-positive genotoxins, true genotoxins and non-genotoxins using HepG2 cells. Mutagenesis. 2011 Sep;26(5):593-604.
96 Inhibition of human carboxylesterases hCE1 and hiCE by cholinesterase inhibitors. Chem Biol Interact. 2013 Mar 25;203(1):226-30.
97 Photochemotherapeutic agent 8-methoxypsoralen induces cytochrome P450 3A4 and carboxylesterase HCE2: evidence on an involvement of the pregnane X receptor. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Jan;95(1):13-22.
98 Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
99 Transcriptional profiling of testosterone-regulated genes in the skeletal muscle of human immunodeficiency virus-infected men experiencing weight loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jul;92(7):2793-802. doi: 10.1210/jc.2006-2722. Epub 2007 Apr 17.
100 Hepatoxicity mechanism of cantharidin-induced liver LO2 cells by LC-MS metabolomics combined traditional approaches. Toxicol Lett. 2020 Oct 15;333:49-61. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.024. Epub 2020 Jul 26.