Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DIS908VO)

• Disease Name: Seasonal affective disorder
• Synonyms: sad; SADS; winter depression; seasonal affective disorder
• Definition: A syndrome characterized by depressions that recur annually at the same time each year, usually during the winter months. Other symptoms include anxiety, irritability, decreased energy, increased appetite (carbohydrate cravings), increased duration of sleep, and weight gain. sad (seasonal affective disorder) can be treated by daily exposure to bright artificial lights (phototherapy), during the season of recurrence.
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DIS3XJ69: Depression
  DIS908VO: Seasonal affective disorder
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0000694
  MESH ID: D016574
  UMLS CUI: C0085159
  MedGen ID: 38984
  SNOMED CT ID: 247803002

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Bupropion	DM5PCS7	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 13 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
DRD4	TTE0A2F	Limited	Biomarker	[2]
NPY	TT64REZ	moderate	Biomarker	[3]
PDE4A	TTZ97H5	moderate	Biomarker	[4]
CRY1	TT5MLZR	Strong	Biomarker	[5]
CRY2	TTAO58M	Strong	Biomarker	[5]
GABRA2	TTBMV1G	Strong	Genetic Variation	[6]
GRPR	TTC1MVT	Strong	Genetic Variation	[7]
HTR2A	TTJQOD7	Strong	Genetic Variation	[8]
HTR2C	TTWJBZ5	Strong	Biomarker	[9]
NR1D1	TTAD1O8	Strong	Biomarker	[5]
RORA	TT1TYN7	Strong	Biomarker	[5]
RORB	TTGB2LZ	Strong	Genetic Variation	[5]
TPH2	TT3KLDP	Strong	Biomarker	[10]

This Disease Is Related to 11 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
DHX40	OTOL02QN	moderate	Biomarker	[11]
AMY1A	OT6G4B8O	Strong	Biomarker	[12]
BAG3	OTVXYUDQ	Strong	Altered Expression	[13]
CLOCK	OTNEOJY7	Strong	Biomarker	[14]
FARP2	OTNRQIMK	Strong	Biomarker	[15]
GPR50	OT0EJBM4	Strong	Genetic Variation	[16]
GTF2I	OTUYL1TQ	Strong	Biomarker	[17]
IGBP1	OTTHH4YE	Strong	Altered Expression	[18]
PRB1	OTV0SYMD	Strong	Biomarker	[19]
SPIN1	OT69VAOX	Strong	Biomarker	[17]
PER3	OTVKYVJA	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[20]

References

• [1] Bupropion FDA Label
• [2] A season-of-birth/DRD4 interaction predicts maximal body mass index in women with bulimia nervosa.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010 Jul;35(8):1729-33. doi: 10.1038/npp.2010.38. Epub 2010 Mar 24.
• [3] Possible pathophysiological mechanisms regulating food intake in seasonal affective disorder.Med Hypotheses. 1996 Sep;47(3):215-6. doi: 10.1016/s0306-9877(96)90083-3.
• [4] Protective effects of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibition in the early phase of pulmonary arterial hypertension in transgenic sickle cell mice.FASEB J. 2008 Jun;22(6):1849-60. doi: 10.1096/fj.07-098921. Epub 2008 Feb 1.
• [5] Clock gene variants in mood and anxiety disorders.J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2012 Oct;119(10):1133-45. doi: 10.1007/s00702-012-0810-2. Epub 2012 Apr 27.
• [6] Early-life adversity selectively impairs 2-GABA(A) receptor expression in the mouse nucleus accumbens and influences the behavioral effects of cocaine.Neuropharmacology. 2018 Oct;141:98-112. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.021. Epub 2018 Aug 21.
• [7] Panic disorder is associated with the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) but not the promoter region (5-HTTLPR).Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Feb;15(2):166-76. doi: 10.1038/mp.2008.79. Epub 2008 Jul 29.
• [8] Seasonality and winter-type seasonal depression are associated with the rs731779 polymorphism of the serotonin-2A receptor gene.Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010 Sep;20(9):655-62. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.04.009. Epub 2010 Jun 30.
• [9] A Cys 23-Ser 23 substitution in the 5-HT(2C) receptor gene influences body weight regulation in females with seasonal affective disorder: an Austrian-Canadian collaborative study.J Psychiatr Res. 2005 Nov;39(6):561-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.01.007. Epub 2005 Apr 26.
• [10] Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 in seasonal affective disorder: underestimated perspectives?.Rev Neurosci. 2015;26(6):679-90. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0013.
• [11] Differential immunomodulation of T-cells by immunoglobulin replacement therapy in primary and secondary antibody deficiency.PLoS One. 2019 Oct 15;14(10):e0223861. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223861. eCollection 2019.
• [12] Repeated stress leads to enhanced cortisol stress response in child social anxiety disorder but this effect can be prevented with CBT.Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019 Nov;109:104352. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.06.003. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
• [13] Interaction Effects of Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System and Cost/Probability Biases on Social Anxiety.Front Psychol. 2019 Nov 15;10:2536. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02536. eCollection 2019.
• [14] Genetics of circadian rhythms and mood spectrum disorders.Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011 Sep;21 Suppl 4:S676-82. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.07.007. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
• [15] Recurrent brief depression and its relationship to seasonal affective disorder.Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1992;242(1):20-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02190338.
• [16] Association of the intronic rs2072621 polymorphism of the X-linked GPR50 gene with affective disorder with seasonal pattern.Eur Psychiatry. 2012 Jul;27(5):369-71. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.02.011. Epub 2011 May 11.
• [17] Genetics and personality traits in patients with social anxiety disorder: a case-control study in South Africa.Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007 Apr;17(5):321-7. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2006.06.010. Epub 2006 Aug 8.
• [18] Protein and mRNA levels of nicotinic receptors in brain of tobacco using controls and patients with Alzheimer's disease.Neuroscience. 2003;122(2):515-20. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00460-3.
• [19] The Trajectory from Mood to Obesity.Curr Obes Rep. 2018 Mar;7(1):1-5. doi: 10.1007/s13679-017-0291-6.
• [20] Circadian Clock Model Supports Molecular Link Between PER3 and Human Anxiety.Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 31;7(1):9893. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07957-4.