Details of Drug Off-Target (DOT)

General Information of Drug Off-Target (DOT) (ID: OT9PS4Q0)

• DOT Name: Parathymosin (PTMS)
• Gene Name: PTMS
• Related Disease:
  Adenocarcinoma
  B-cell lymphoma
  Carcinoma
  Goiter
  Squamous cell carcinoma
  Thyroid cancer
  Thyroid gland carcinoma
  Thyroid tumor
  Hypoparathyroidism
  Malignant tumor of parathyroid gland
  Parathyroid gland carcinoma
  Primary hyperparathyroidism
• UniProt ID: PTMS_HUMAN
• Pfam ID: PF03247
• Sequence:
  MSEKSVEAAAELSAKDLKEKKEKVEEKASRKERKKEVVEEEENGAEEEEEETAEDGEEED
  EGEEEDEEEEEEDDEGPALKRAAEEEDEADPKRQKTENGASA
• Function: Parathymosin may mediate immune function by blocking the effect of prothymosin alpha which confers resistance to certain opportunistic infections.

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DOT

12 Disease(s) Related to This DOT

Disease Name	Disease ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
Adenocarcinoma	DIS3IHTY	Strong	Biomarker	[1]
B-cell lymphoma	DISIH1YQ	Strong	Altered Expression	[2]
Carcinoma	DISH9F1N	Strong	Altered Expression	[3]
Goiter	DISLCGI6	Strong	Altered Expression	[3]
Squamous cell carcinoma	DISQVIFL	Strong	Biomarker	[1]
Thyroid cancer	DIS3VLDH	Strong	Biomarker	[3]
Thyroid gland carcinoma	DISMNGZ0	Strong	Biomarker	[3]
Thyroid tumor	DISLVKMD	Strong	Biomarker	[3]
Hypoparathyroidism	DISICS0V	Limited	Biomarker	[4]
Malignant tumor of parathyroid gland	DIS4X92K	Limited	Biomarker	[4]
Parathyroid gland carcinoma	DISEER2W	Limited	Biomarker	[4]
Primary hyperparathyroidism	DISB4U1Q	Limited	Biomarker	[4]

17 Drug(s) Affected the Gene/Protein Processing of This DOT

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Interaction	REF
Valproate	DMCFE9I	Approved	Valproate decreases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[5]
Ciclosporin	DMAZJFX	Approved	Ciclosporin decreases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[6]
Tretinoin	DM49DUI	Approved	Tretinoin decreases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[7]
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Approved	Doxorubicin decreases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[8]
Ivermectin	DMDBX5F	Approved	Ivermectin decreases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[9]
Temozolomide	DMKECZD	Approved	Temozolomide decreases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[10]
Hydrogen peroxide	DM1NG5W	Approved	Hydrogen peroxide decreases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[11]
Selenium	DM25CGV	Approved	Selenium increases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[12]
Ampicillin	DMHWE7P	Approved	Ampicillin increases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[13]
Genistein	DM0JETC	Phase 2/3	Genistein decreases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[14]
Tocopherol	DMBIJZ6	Phase 2	Tocopherol increases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[12]
Benzo(a)pyrene	DMN7J43	Phase 1	Benzo(a)pyrene decreases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[6]
(+)-JQ1	DM1CZSJ	Phase 1	(+)-JQ1 increases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[15]
Bisphenol A	DM2ZLD7	Investigative	Bisphenol A decreases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[17]
Milchsaure	DM462BT	Investigative	Milchsaure increases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[18]
Phencyclidine	DMQBEYX	Investigative	Phencyclidine decreases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[19]
OXYQUINOLINE	DMZVS9Y	Investigative	OXYQUINOLINE increases the expression of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[13]

1 Drug(s) Affected the Post-Translational Modifications of This DOT

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Interaction	REF
PMID28870136-Compound-52	DMFDERP	Patented	PMID28870136-Compound-52 increases the phosphorylation of Parathymosin (PTMS).	[16]

References

• [1] Prothymosin- and parathymosin expression predicts poor prognosis in squamous and adenosquamous carcinomas of the gallbladder.Oncol Lett. 2018 Apr;15(4):4485-4494. doi: 10.3892/ol.2018.7824. Epub 2018 Jan 19.
• [2] Relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma present different genomic profiles between early and late relapses.Oncotarget. 2016 Dec 20;7(51):83987-84002. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.9793.
• [3] Fine-needle aspiration biopsy-RT-PCR expression analysis of prothymosin alpha and parathymosin in thyroid: novel proliferation markers?.Neoplasma. 2007;54(1):57-62.
• [4] MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Unmet therapeutic, educational and scientific needs in parathyroid disorders.Eur J Endocrinol. 2019 Sep 1;181(3):P1-P19. doi: 10.1530/EJE-19-0316. Epub 2019 Jun 1.
• [5] Integrative omics data analyses of repeated dose toxicity of valproic acid in vitro reveal new mechanisms of steatosis induction. Toxicology. 2018 Jan 15;393:160-170.
• [6] Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
• [7] Transcriptional and Metabolic Dissection of ATRA-Induced Granulocytic Differentiation in NB4 Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Cells. 2020 Nov 5;9(11):2423. doi: 10.3390/cells9112423.
• [8] Bringing in vitro analysis closer to in vivo: studying doxorubicin toxicity and associated mechanisms in 3D human microtissues with PBPK-based dose modelling. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Sep 15;294:184-192.
• [9] Quantitative proteomics reveals a broad-spectrum antiviral property of ivermectin, benefiting for COVID-19 treatment. J Cell Physiol. 2021 Apr;236(4):2959-2975. doi: 10.1002/jcp.30055. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
• [10] Temozolomide induces activation of Wnt/-catenin signaling in glioma cells via PI3K/Akt pathway: implications in glioma therapy. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2020 Jun;36(3):273-278. doi: 10.1007/s10565-019-09502-7. Epub 2019 Nov 22.
• [11] Microarray analysis of H2O2-, HNE-, or tBH-treated ARPE-19 cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Nov 15;33(10):1419-32.
• [12] Selenium and vitamin E: cell type- and intervention-specific tissue effects in prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Mar 4;101(5):306-20.
• [13] Comparison of phenotypic and transcriptomic effects of false-positive genotoxins, true genotoxins and non-genotoxins using HepG2 cells. Mutagenesis. 2011 Sep;26(5):593-604.
• [14] Changes in gene expressions elicited by physiological concentrations of genistein on human endometrial cancer cells. Mol Carcinog. 2006 Oct;45(10):752-63.
• [15] Targeting MYCN in neuroblastoma by BET bromodomain inhibition. Cancer Discov. 2013 Mar;3(3):308-23.
• [16] Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveal cellular responses from caffeine, coumarin and quercetin in treated HepG2 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2022 Aug 15;449:116110. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116110. Epub 2022 Jun 7.
• [17] Alternatives for the worse: Molecular insights into adverse effects of bisphenol a and substitutes during human adipocyte differentiation. Environ Int. 2021 Nov;156:106730. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106730. Epub 2021 Jun 27.
• [18] Transcriptional profiling of lactic acid treated reconstructed human epidermis reveals pathways underlying stinging and itch. Toxicol In Vitro. 2019 Jun;57:164-173.
• [19] Differential response of Mono Mac 6, BEAS-2B, and Jurkat cells to indoor dust. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Sep;115(9):1325-32.