General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC5AWF5)

Drug Combination Name
Letrozole Mepacrine
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Carcinoma Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Letrozole   DMH07Y3 Mepacrine   DMU8L7C
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: MCF7
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 3.46
Bliss Independence Score: 7.28
Loewe Additivity Score: 2.23
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 2.03

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Letrozole
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer N.A. Approved [2]
Hormonally-responsive breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [3]
Letrozole Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Aromatase (CYP19A1) TTSZLWK CP19A_HUMAN Inhibitor [5]
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Letrozole Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [6]
Aromatase (CYP19A1) DEQX145 CP19A_HUMAN Metabolism [7]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) DEJVYAZ CP2A6_HUMAN Metabolism [8]
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Letrozole Interacts with 18 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Aromatase (CYP19A1) OTZ6XF74 CP19A_HUMAN Decreases Activity [9]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) OTQGYY83 CP3A4_HUMAN Increases Oxidation [10]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) OT52TWG3 CP2A6_HUMAN Increases Oxidation [10]
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (AK1) OT614AR3 KAD1_HUMAN Increases ADR [11]
Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) OTRDLUSP DKK1_HUMAN Increases Expression [12]
Follitropin subunit beta (FSHB) OTGLS283 FSHB_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Lutropin subunit beta (LHB) OT5GBOVJ LSHB_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Progesterone receptor (PGR) OT0FZ3QE PRGR_HUMAN Decreases Expression [14]
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) OTO46S5S LIF_HUMAN Increases Expression [12]
Gap junction alpha-1 protein (GJA1) OTT94MKL CXA1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1) OT8HPTKJ CCND1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [16]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 (CCND2) OTDULQF9 CCND2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [16]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A) OTQWHCZE CDN1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) OT36W9O5 LIFR_HUMAN Increases Expression [12]
Proliferation marker protein Ki-67 (MKI67) OTA8N1QI KI67_HUMAN Decreases Expression [14]
Small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 (RPS6) OTT4D1LN RS6_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [16]
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51A1) OTAYHG9C CP51A_HUMAN Decreases Activity [18]
Fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) OTVIX6J0 FGF22_HUMAN Increases Expression [12]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 18 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Mepacrine
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
Mepacrine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2G1B) TT9V5JH PA21B_HUMAN Inhibitor [4]
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Mepacrine Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) DTI7UX6 ABCG2_HUMAN Substrate [19]
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Mepacrine Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [20]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) DEIBDNY CP3A5_HUMAN Metabolism [20]
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Mepacrine Interacts with 22 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC) OTPV5LUK MYC_HUMAN Decreases Expression [21]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Increases Activity [22]
Zinc finger protein GLI1 (GLI1) OT1BTAJO GLI1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [21]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1) OT310QSG PARP1_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [23]
1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 (PLCG1) OTSBQR6D PLCG1_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [24]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1) OT8HPTKJ CCND1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [21]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [23]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [23]
Catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1) OTZ932A3 CTNB1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [21]
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR) OT15797V VGFR2_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [24]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A) OTQWHCZE CDN1A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [25]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Activity [21]
Casein kinase I isoform alpha (CSNK1A1) OTJ6O1IC KC1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [21]
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3B) OTL3L14B GSK3B_HUMAN Increases Expression [21]
Caspase-9 (CASP9) OTD4RFFG CASP9_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [23]
Focal adhesion kinase 1 (PTK2) OT3Q1JDY FAK1_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [24]
Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX) OTAW0V4V BAX_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2) OTZX881H KCNH2_HUMAN Decreases Activity [26]
Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) OTA9Z9OC FOXP3_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 1A (BTRC) OT2EZDGR FBW1A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [23]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) OTE4EFH8 CP1A1_HUMAN Increases Metabolism [20]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Transport [20]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 22 DOT(s)

References

1 Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.
2 Letrozole FDA Label
3 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5209).
4 Involvement of protein kinase C activation in L-leucine-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in l6 myotubes. Cytotechnology. 2003 Nov;43(1-3):97-103.
5 Aromatase inhibitors--theoretical concept and present experiences in the treatment of endometriosis. Zentralbl Gynakol. 2003 Jul-Aug;125(7-8):247-51.
6 Inhibition of drug metabolizing cytochrome P450s by the aromatase inhibitor drug letrozole and its major oxidative metabolite 4,4'-methanol-bisbenzonitrile in vitro. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;64(5):867-75.
7 Double-blind, randomised, multicentre endocrine trial comparing two letrozole doses, in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer. 1999 Feb;35(2):208-13.
8 Letrozole concentration is associated with CYP2A6 variation but not with arthralgia in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Nov;172(2):371-379.
9 Aromatase inhibition: translation into a successful therapeutic approach. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Apr 15;11(8):2809-21. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2187.
10 Deactivation of anti-cancer drug letrozole to a carbinol metabolite by polymorphic cytochrome P450 2A6 in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica. 2009 Nov;39(11):795-802. doi: 10.3109/00498250903171395.
11 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
12 Clomiphene citrate versus letrozole: molecular analysis of the endometrium in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2011 Oct;96(4):1051-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.1092.
13 Aromatase inhibition, testosterone, and seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 2004 Apr;5(2):260-3. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.001.
14 Aromatase inhibitors: cellular and molecular effects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 May;95(1-5):83-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.04.010.
15 Inhibition of estrogen receptor reduces connexin 43 expression in breast cancers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Jan 1;338:182-190. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.020. Epub 2017 Nov 24.
16 Dual inhibition of mTOR and estrogen receptor signaling in vitro induces cell death in models of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Jul 15;11(14):5319-28. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2402.
17 Synergistic activity of letrozole and sorafenib on breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Nov;124(1):79-88. doi: 10.1007/s10549-009-0714-5. Epub 2010 Jan 7.
18 Comparison of lanosterol-14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of human and Candida albicans for inhibition by different antifungal azoles. Toxicology. 2006 Nov 10;228(1):24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.007. Epub 2006 Aug 12.
19 Arginine-482 is not essential for transport of antibiotics, primary bile acids and unconjugated sterols by the human breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). Biochem J. 2005 Jan 15;385(Pt 2):419-26.
20 Quinacrine is mainly metabolized to mono-desethyl quinacrine by CYP3A4/5 and its brain accumulation is limited by P-glycoprotein. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Jul;34(7):1136-44.
21 Nanoquinacrine caused apoptosis in oral cancer stem cells by disrupting the interaction between GLI1 and catenin through activation of GSK3. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2017 Sep 1;330:53-64. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.07.008. Epub 2017 Jul 15.
22 High-throughput measurement of the Tp53 response to anticancer drugs and random compounds using a stably integrated Tp53-responsive luciferase reporter. Carcinogenesis. 2002 Jun;23(6):949-57. doi: 10.1093/carcin/23.6.949.
23 Quinacrine induces the apoptosis of human leukemia U937 cells through FOXP3/miR-183/-TrCP/SP1 axis-mediated BAX upregulation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2017 Nov 1;334:35-46. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.08.019. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
24 Quinacrine is active in preclinical models of glioblastoma through suppressing angiogenesis, inducing oxidative stress and activating AMPK. Toxicol In Vitro. 2022 Sep;83:105420. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105420. Epub 2022 Jun 17.
25 Multiple-endpoint in vitro carcinogenicity test in human cell line TK6 distinguishes carcinogens from non-carcinogens and highlights mechanisms of action. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Jan;95(1):321-336. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02902-3. Epub 2020 Sep 10.
26 Why are most phospholipidosis inducers also hERG blockers?. Arch Toxicol. 2017 Dec;91(12):3885-3895. doi: 10.1007/s00204-017-1995-9. Epub 2017 May 27.