Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC7ACTF)

• Drug Combination Name: Albendazole + Zaleplon
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Albendazole (DMYZ57N): Small molecular drug
  Zaleplon (DMGFWSM): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 32.87
  Bliss Independence Score: 32.87
  Loewe Additivity Score: 45.33
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 45.35

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Albendazole

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Echinococcus granulosus infectious disease	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Helminth infection	1F90.0	Approved	[2]
Worm infection	1F90.Z	Approved	[3]

Albendazole Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Tubulin beta (TUBB)	TTYFKSZ	NOUNIPROTAC	Binder	[7]

Albendazole Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]

Albendazole Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)	DEGTFWK	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]

Albendazole Interacts with 11 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	OTLLBX48	CP1A2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	OTE4EFH8	CP1A1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	OT4IE164	TNFA_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[12]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Affects Activity	[13]
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (IL6R)	OTCQL07Z	IL6RA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT)	OTMTP2Z7	TAU_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain (HLA-DMB)	OT17HGXJ	DMB_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[15]
Heat shock factor protein 1 (HSF1)	OTYNJ4KP	HSF1_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[16]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	OTYXFLSD	CP1B1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]

Indication(s) of Zaleplon

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Insomnia	7A00-7A0Z	Approved	[4]
Sleep disorder, initiating and maintaining sleep	N.A.	Investigative	[5]

Zaleplon Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
GABA(A) receptor alpha-1 (GABRA1)	TT1MPAY	GBRA1_HUMAN	Modulator	[18]

Zaleplon Interacts with 4 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[19]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[20]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7)	DERD86B	CP3A7_HUMAN	Metabolism	[20]
Aldehyde oxidase (AOX1)	DEAWHS8	AOXA_HUMAN	Metabolism	[21]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] Albendazole FDA Label
• [3] Opportunities and challenges in antiparasitic drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Sep;4(9):727-40.
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4345).
• [5] Zaleplon FDA Label
• [6] Cell-based and cytokine-directed chemical screen to identify potential anti-multiple myeloma agents. Leuk Res. 2010 Jul;34(7):917-24. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.12.002. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
• [7] Flubendazole interferes with a wide spectrum of cell homeostatic mechanisms in Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. Parasitol Int. 2009 Sep;58(3):270-7.
• [8] The anthelminthic agent albendazole does not interact with p-glycoprotein. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Apr;30(4):365-9.
• [9] Identification of human cytochrome P(450)s that metabolise anti-parasitic drugs and predictions of in vivo drug hepatic clearance from in vitro data. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;59(5-6):429-42.
• [10] Cytochrome P450 1A1/2 induction by antiparasitic drugs: dose-dependent increase in ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity and mRNA caused by quinine, primaquine and albendazole in HepG2 cells. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Nov;58(8):537-42.
• [11] Danazol inhibits cytochrome P450 2J2 activity in a substrate-independent manner. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Aug;43(8):1250-3.
• [12] Stimulation of pro-inflammatory responses by mebendazole in human monocytic THP-1 cells through an ERK signaling pathway. Arch Toxicol. 2011 Mar;85(3):199-207. doi: 10.1007/s00204-010-0584-y. Epub 2010 Sep 17.
• [13] Identification of environmental chemicals that activate p53 signaling after in vitro metabolic activation. Arch Toxicol. 2022 Jul;96(7):1975-1987. doi: 10.1007/s00204-022-03291-5. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
• [14] Pharmacologic reductions of total tau levels; implications for the role of microtubule dynamics in regulating tau expression. Mol Neurodegener. 2006 Jul 26;1:6. doi: 10.1186/1750-1326-1-6.
• [15] Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 May 18;28(5):927-34. doi: 10.1021/tx5005248. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
• [16] A Gene Expression Biomarker Predicts Heat Shock Factor 1 Activation in a Gene Expression Compendium. Chem Res Toxicol. 2021 Jul 19;34(7):1721-1737. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00510. Epub 2021 Jun 25.
• [17] Association of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inhibition in in vitro assays with drug-induced liver injury. J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(4):167-176. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.167.
• [18] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [19] Metabolism of zaleplon by human liver: evidence for involvement of aldehyde oxidase. Xenobiotica. 2002 Oct;32(10):835-47.
• [20] Drug Interactions Flockhart Table
• [21] Characterization of aldehyde oxidase enzyme activity in cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2012 Feb;40(2):267-75.