General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCI9LTA)

Drug Combination Name
Digitoxin Romidepsin
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Adenocarcinoma Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Digitoxin   DMWVIGP Romidepsin   DMT5GNL
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: NCIH23
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.46
Bliss Independence Score: 2.46
Loewe Additivity Score: 1.66
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 5

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Digitoxin
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Arrhythmia BC9Z Approved [2]
Congestive cardiac insufficiency BD1Z Approved [2]
Heart failure BD10-BD13 Approved [2]
Digitoxin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (SPT ATPase) TTQ38E9 AT1A1_HUMAN; AT1A2_HUMAN; AT1A3_HUMAN; AT1B1_HUMAN; AT1B2_HUMAN; AT1B3_HUMAN Inhibitor [6]
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Digitoxin Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [7]
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Digitoxin Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [8]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Metabolism [9]
Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) DEYWLRK ST1A1_HUMAN Metabolism [10]
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Digitoxin Interacts with 22 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Transport [11]
Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) OTLDT7NR NOS3_HUMAN Increases Activity [12]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 (CHEK1) OTTTI622 CHK1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [13]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5) OTILXZYL BIRC5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [13]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 (CHEK2) OT8ZPCNS CHK2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [13]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Decreases Expression [13]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) OTW1SC2N CDK1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [13]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) OTS7T5VH IL8_HUMAN Decreases Secretion [14]
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 (CCNB1) OT19S7E5 CCNB1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [13]
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (RPS6KB1) OTAELNGX KS6B1_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [15]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1) OT8HPTKJ CCND1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA) OTFT924M IKBA_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [14]
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6) OT33XNZM PTN6_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A) OTQWHCZE CDN1A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [13]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [13]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) OTNY5LLZ CDN1B_HUMAN Decreases Expression [13]
Caspase-9 (CASP9) OTD4RFFG CASP9_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [13]
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN (PTEN) OTOWDUNT PTEN_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Cytochrome c (CYCS) OTBFALJD CYC_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1) OTHBQVD5 4EBP1_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [15]
Caspase-8 (CASP8) OTA8TVI8 CASP8_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [13]
E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS3 (PIAS3) OT3TWH9R PIAS3_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 22 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Romidepsin
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma 2B01 Approved [3]
Gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor N.A. Approved [4]
Glucagonoma N.A. Approved [4]
Insulinoma 2C10.1 Approved [4]
Lung carcinoid tumor N.A. Approved [4]
Melanoma 2C30 Approved [4]
Primary cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified N.A. Approved [4]
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma N.A. Approved [4]
Urethral cancer 2C93 Approved [4]
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma 2A90.C Phase 3 [5]
Renal cell carcinoma 2C90 Phase 3 [3]
Romidepsin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) TT6R7JZ HDAC1_HUMAN Inhibitor [18]
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Romidepsin Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [19]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3) DT9C1TS SO1B3_HUMAN Substrate [19]
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Romidepsin Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [20]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) DEIBDNY CP3A5_HUMAN Metabolism [21]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) DEPKLMQ CP2B6_HUMAN Metabolism [22]
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Romidepsin Interacts with 41 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (ABCG2) OTW8V2V1 ABCG2_HUMAN Affects Expression [24]
E3 SUMO-protein ligase CBX4 (CBX4) OT4XVRRF CBX4_HUMAN Increases Expression [25]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B) OTA1CPBV TR10B_HUMAN Increases Expression [26]
Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BCL2L11) OTNQQWFJ B2L11_HUMAN Increases Expression [27]
Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta (GADD45B) OTL9I7LO GA45B_HUMAN Increases Expression [28]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 17B (STK17B) OT4NYNO8 ST17B_HUMAN Increases Expression [25]
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) OTAPLO1S EGFR_HUMAN Decreases Expression [29]
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (RAF1) OT51LSFO RAF1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [29]
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (ERBB2) OTOAUNCK ERBB2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [29]
Retinoblastoma-associated protein (RB1) OTQJUJMZ RB_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [29]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1) OT310QSG PARP1_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [30]
Clusterin (CLU) OTQGG0JM CLUS_HUMAN Increases Expression [25]
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 (CCNB1) OT19S7E5 CCNB1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [29]
Histone H2AX (H2AX) OT18UX57 H2AX_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [17]
Transcription factor JunD (JUND) OTNKACJD JUND_HUMAN Increases Expression [25]
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit (NFKB1) OTNRRD8I NFKB1_HUMAN Increases Expression [30]
Cyclin-A2 (CCNA2) OTPHHYZJ CCNA2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [29]
NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA) OTFT924M IKBA_HUMAN Increases Expression [30]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [17]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [17]
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1) OT8H2YY7 AKT1_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [31]
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 (FLT3) OTMSRYMK FLT3_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [17]
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBF1) OTWBRPAI SRBP1_HUMAN Increases Expression [25]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A) OTQWHCZE CDN1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [32]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Activity [29]
Caspase-9 (CASP9) OTD4RFFG CASP9_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [30]
Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor (FLI1) OT0EV3LX FLI1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [33]
RNA-binding protein EWS (EWSR1) OT7SRHV3 EWS_HUMAN Decreases Expression [33]
DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51) OTNVWGC1 RAD51_HUMAN Decreases Expression [17]
Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 (MCL1) OT2YYI1A MCL1_HUMAN Increases Expression [31]
Bcl-2-interacting killer (BIK) OTTH1T3D BIK_HUMAN Increases Expression [25]
Spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTAN1) OT6VY3A3 SPTN1_HUMAN Increases Expression [25]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3 (NR1I3) OTS3SGH7 NR1I3_HUMAN Increases Expression [34]
Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK1) OTDP6ILW BAK_HUMAN Increases Expression [31]
Histone H3.1t (H3-4) OTY6ITYF H31T_HUMAN Increases Acetylation [34]
Sodium/iodide cotransporter (SLC5A5) OTU7E9G7 SC5A5_HUMAN Increases Expression [35]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MAP3K3) OT53LJGW M3K3_HUMAN Increases Expression [25]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) OTE4EFH8 CP1A1_HUMAN Affects Metabolism [36]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) OTGUN89S MRP1_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [37]
Transcription factor p65 (RELA) OTUJP9CN TF65_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [30]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 41 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication DrugCom ID Cell Line Status REF
Lung adenocarcinoma DCHMJNT MDA-MB-231 Investigative [1]
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References

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2 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6782).
3 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7006).
4 Romidepsin FDA Label
5 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
6 Treatment of congestive heart failure--current status of use of digitoxin. Eur J Clin Invest. 2001;31 Suppl 2:10-7.
7 The association of ABCB1 polymorphisms and elevated serum digitoxin concentrations in geriatric patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Apr;64(4):367-72.
8 Species differences in the toxicity and cytochrome P450 IIIA-dependent metabolism of digitoxin. Mol Pharmacol. 1991 Nov;40(5):859-67.
9 Use of a human liver microsome bank in drug glucuronidation studies. Toxicol In Vitro. 1991;5(5-6):559-62.
10 Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase and a specific UDP-glucuronosyltransferase are involved in the metabolism of digitoxin in man. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1992 Aug;346(2):226-33.
11 Heterogeneous transport of digitalis-like compounds by P-glycoprotein in vesicular and cellular assays. Toxicol In Vitro. 2016 Apr;32:138-45. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.12.009. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
12 Digitoxin elicits anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective properties in endothelial cells: Therapeutic implications for the treatment of atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis. 2009 Oct;206(2):390-6.
13 Digitoxin and a synthetic monosaccharide analog inhibit cell viability in lung cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Jan 1;258(1):51-60. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.10.007. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
14 Digitoxin mimics gene therapy with CFTR and suppresses hypersecretion of IL-8 from cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 18;101(20):7693-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402030101. Epub 2004 May 10.
15 Digitoxin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and migration by reducing HIF-1 and STAT3 in KRAS mutant human colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Jan 5;351:109729. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109729. Epub 2021 Oct 28.
16 Inhibition of transcription, expression, and secretion of the vascular epithelial growth factor in human epithelial endometriotic cells by romidepsin. Fertil Steril. 2011 Apr;95(5):1579-83. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.058. Epub 2011 Feb 4.
17 Inhibitors of class I HDACs and of FLT3 combine synergistically against leukemia cells with mutant FLT3. Arch Toxicol. 2022 Jan;96(1):177-193. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03174-1. Epub 2021 Oct 19.
18 Hughes B: 2009 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010 Feb;9(2):89-92.
19 Population pharmacokinetics of romidepsin in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;15(4):1496-503.
20 A phase I/II trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin for adults with recurrent malignant glioma: North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study 03-03. Neuro Oncol. 2011 May;13(5):509-16.
21 Population pharmacokinetics of romidepsin in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;15(4):1496-503.
22 FDA Label of Romidepsin. The 2020 official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
23 Chemoresistance to depsipeptide FK228 [(E)-(1S,4S,10S,21R)-7-[(Z)-ethylidene]-4,21-diisopropyl-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23-tetraazabicyclo[8,7,6]-tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,22-pentanone] is mediated by reversible MDR1 induction in human cancer cell lines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Jul;314(1):467-75. doi: 10.1124/jpet.105.083956. Epub 2005 Apr 15.
24 Aberrant promoter methylation of the ABCG2 gene in renal carcinoma. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Nov;26(22):8572-85.
25 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine and depsipeptide synergistically induce expression of BIK (BCL2-interacting killer). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Dec 15;351(2):455-61. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.055. Epub 2006 Oct 18.
26 Bortezomib and depsipeptide sensitize tumors to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand: a novel method to potentiate natural killer cell tumor cytotoxicity. Cancer Res. 2006 Jul 15;66(14):7317-25. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0680.
27 Histone deacetylase inhibitors FK228, N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[N-(pyridin-3-yl-methoxycarbonyl)amino- methyl]benzamide and m-carboxycinnamic acid bis-hydroxamide augment radiation-induced cell death in gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Cancer. 2004 Jun 10;110(2):301-8. doi: 10.1002/ijc.20117.
28 A sequential treatment of depsipeptide followed by 5-azacytidine enhances Gadd45beta expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res. 2007 Nov-Dec;27(6B):3783-9.
29 Abrogation of p21 expression by flavopiridol enhances depsipeptide-mediated apoptosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Mar 1;10(5):1813-25. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-0901-3.
30 Interactions between bortezomib and romidepsin and belinostat in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Jan 15;14(2):549-58. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1934.
31 Blocking downstream signaling pathways in the context of HDAC inhibition promotes apoptosis preferentially in cells harboring mutant Ras. Oncotarget. 2016 Oct 25;7(43):69804-69815. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.12001.
32 Up-regulation of MDR1 and induction of doxorubicin resistance by histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide (FK228) and ATRA in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Blood. 2006 Feb 15;107(4):1546-54. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-10-4126. Epub 2005 Oct 13.
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34 Enhanced transgene expression in urothelial cancer gene therapy with histone deacetylase inhibitor. J Urol. 2005 Aug;174(2):747-52. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000164723.20555.e6.
35 Enhancement of sodium/iodide symporter expression in thyroid and breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2006 Sep;13(3):797-826. doi: 10.1677/erc.1.01143.
36 Identification of cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of FK228, a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor, in human liver microsomes. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Jan;28(1):124-9.
37 Involvement of P-glycoprotein and MRP1 in resistance to cyclic tetrapeptide subfamily of histone deacetylase inhibitors in the drug-resistant osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma cells. Int J Cancer. 2006 Jan 1;118(1):90-7. doi: 10.1002/ijc.21297.