Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCUOG4X)

• Drug Combination Name: Mechlorethamine + Altretamine
• Indication: Amelanotic melanoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Mechlorethamine (DM0CVXA): Small molecular drug
  Altretamine (DMKLAYG): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: MDA-MB-435
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 2.93
  Bliss Independence Score: 5.9
  Loewe Additivity Score: 4.31
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 0.88

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Mechlorethamine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia	2A20.0	Approved	[2]
Lung cancer	2C25.0	Approved	[2]
Mycosis fungoides	2B01	Approved	[2]
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Small lymphocytic lymphoma	2A82.0	Approved	[2]
T-cell lymphoma	2A90	Approved	[3]
Hodgkin lymphoma	2B30	Phase 3	[4]
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma	N.A.	Investigative	[2]

Mechlorethamine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA)	TTUTN1I	NOUNIPROTAC	Intercalator	[8]

Mechlorethamine Interacts with 19 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (ERBB2)	OTOAUNCK	ERBB2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Transcription factor Jun (JUN)	OTCYBO6X	JUN_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)	OTW1SC2N	CDK1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]
Glutathione S-transferase A2 (GSTA2)	OTW7UB1H	GSTA2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 (CCNB1)	OT19S7E5	CCNB1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]
Transcription factor JunB (JUNB)	OTG2JXV5	JUNB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Transcription factor JunD (JUND)	OTNKACJD	JUND_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Cyclin-A2 (CCNA2)	OTPHHYZJ	CCNA2_HUMAN	Increases Stability	[12]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)	OTB5DYYZ	CDK2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[12]
Protein S100-P (S100P)	OTJCXNJG	S100P_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[16]
Caspase-2 (CASP2)	OTUDYSPP	CASP2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[14]
Caspase-9 (CASP9)	OTD4RFFG	CASP9_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[14]
Laminin subunit gamma-2 (LAMC2)	OTJMTM72	LAMC2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[17]
Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK1)	OTDP6ILW	BAK_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1)	OTRDIR5M	TRPA1_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[19]

Indication(s) of Altretamine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Ovarian cancer	2C73	Approved	[5]

Altretamine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA)	TTUTN1I	NOUNIPROTAC	Breaker	[20]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Adult T acute lymphoblastic leukemia	DC0XTF6	MOLT-4	Investigative	[21]
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma	DCHVHE5	SR	Investigative	[21]
Childhood T acute lymphoblastic leukemia	DCRH7QH	CCRF-CEM	Investigative	[21]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCMZGU1	786-0	Investigative	[21]
Papillary renal cell carcinoma	DCY3HUV	ACHN	Investigative	[21]
Carcinoma	DCEND2Y	RXF 393	Investigative	[22]
Colon carcinoma	DCHOB8Y	KM12	Investigative	[22]
Invasive ductal carcinoma	DC8ZNBG	T-47D	Investigative	[22]
Adenocarcinoma	DCA8AH8	A549	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DC05GKH	HCC-2998	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DCA06JB	HCT-15	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DCDIWH7	HT29	Investigative	[1]
Amelanotic melanoma	DCHWN51	M14	Investigative	[1]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	DC1Q378	OVCAR-8	Investigative	[1]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DCJF02T	HOP-62	Investigative	[1]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DCNHI9W	MDA-MB-231	Investigative	[1]
Malignant melanoma	DCLPG98	LOX IMVI	Investigative	[1]
Minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma	DCPDMOX	NCI-H322M	Investigative	[1]
Non-small cell lung carcinoma	DCPX06S	HOP-92	Investigative	[1]
Pleural epithelioid mesothelioma	DC6M66B	NCI-H226	Investigative	[1]

References

• [1] Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
• [2] Mechlorethamine FDA Label
• [3] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7218).
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7112).
• [6] Thioredoxin Cross-Linking by Nitrogen Mustard in Lung Epithelial Cells: Formation of Multimeric Thioredoxin/Thioredoxin Reductase Complexes and Inhibition of Disulfide Reduction. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 Nov 16;28(11):2091-103. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00194. Epub 2015 Oct 19.
• [7] Cross-linking of thioredoxin reductase by the sulfur mustard analogue mechlorethamine (methylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine) in human lung epithelial cells and rat lung: selective inhibition of disulfide reduction but not redox cycling. Chem Res Toxicol. 2014 Jan 21;27(1):61-75. doi: 10.1021/tx400329a. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
• [8] Proteomic analysis of DNA-protein cross-linking by antitumor nitrogen mustards. Chem Res Toxicol. 2009 Jun;22(6):1151-62.
• [9] Down-regulation of HER-2 expression in human breast cancer cell HBC-4 and ZR75-1 by nitrogen-mustard-N-oxide. Kobe J Med Sci. 2007;53(4):135-42.
• [10] Nitrogen Mustard Alkylates and Cross-Links p53 in Human Keratinocytes. Chem Res Toxicol. 2022 Apr 18;35(4):636-650. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00420. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
• [11] Nitrogen mustard prevents transport of Fra-1 into the nucleus to promote c-Fos- and FosB-dependent IL-8 induction in injured mouse epidermis. Toxicol Lett. 2020 Feb 1;319:256-263. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.006. Epub 2019 Oct 19.
• [12] G2 delay induced by nitrogen mustard in human cells affects cyclin A/cdk2 and cyclin B1/cdc2-kinase complexes differently. J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 15;268(11):8298-308.
• [13] Overexpression of GSTA2 protects against cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by the DNA inter-strand crosslinking nitrogen mustard, mechlorethamine. J Cell Biochem. 2005 May 15;95(2):339-51. doi: 10.1002/jcb.20440.
• [14] Inhibition of caspase-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition protects airway epithelial cells against mustard-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2006 Sep;11(9):1545-59. doi: 10.1007/s10495-006-8764-1.
• [15] S100P is selectively upregulated in tumor cell lines challenged with DNA cross-linking agents. Leuk Res. 2005 Oct;29(10):1181-90. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.03.012.
• [16] Ebselen reduces the toxicity of mechlorethamine in A-431 cells via inhibition of apoptosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2013 Jun;27(6):313-22. doi: 10.1002/jbt.21490. Epub 2013 May 6.
• [17] Histopathologic and immunohistochemical features in human skin after exposure to nitrogen and sulfur mustard. Am J Dermatopathol. 1998 Feb;20(1):22-8. doi: 10.1097/00000372-199802000-00005.
• [18] Increased expression of VDAC1 sensitizes carcinoma cells to apoptosis induced by DNA cross-linking agents. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 May 1;83(9):1172-82. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.017. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
• [19] Activation of the human TRPA1 channel by different alkylating sulfur and nitrogen mustards and structurally related chemotherapeutic drugs. Toxicol Lett. 2023 Mar 1;376:51-59. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.01.007. Epub 2023 Jan 21.
• [20] Synergy of irofulven in combination with other DNA damaging agents: synergistic interaction with altretamine, alkylating, and platinum-derived agen... Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008 Dec;63(1):19-26.
• [21] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [22] Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.