Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Interaction Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DM92S6N)

• Drug Name: Levamlodipine Drug Info
• Synonyms: Levamlodipine (hypertension); S-amlodipine gentisate; Levamlodipine (hypertension), SK Chemicals; S-amlodipine (hypertension), SK Chemicals

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Phase 4	[1]

• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 9822750
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:53796
  CAS Number: CAS 103129-82-4
  TTD Drug ID: DM92S6N
  INTEDE Drug ID: DR0931

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Drug(s) Targeting Voltage-gated L-type calcium channel (L-CaC)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Nifedipine	DMSVOZT	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[4]
Clevidipine butyrate	DMW4M97	Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[5]
Epalrestat	DM5OGK0	Diabetic neuropathy	8C0Z	Approved	[6]
Otilonium bromide	DM05968	Gastric motility disorder	DA21	Approved	[7]
Cilnidipine	DM1975O	High blood pressure	BA00	Phase 3	[8]
Pinaverium bromide	DM7OSHC	Irritable bowel syndrome	DD91.0	Phase 3	[7]
MEM-1003	DMYZU6G	Bipolar disorder	6A60	Phase 2a	[9]
Gallopamil	DMXBR27	Asthma	CA23	Phase 2	[10]
BAY-Y-5959	DMLO18H	Cardiovascular disease	BA00-BE2Z	Phase 2	[11]
Furnidipine	DME94QF	Nerve injury	ND56.4	Discontinued in Phase 3	[12]

Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[13]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[14]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[15]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[16]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[17]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[18]
Etoposide	DMNH3PG	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[19]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[20]
Prasterone	DM67VKL	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Approved	[14]
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[21]

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Voltage-gated L-type calcium channel (L-CaC)	TTXHYV6	NOUNIPROTAC	Modulator	[2]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) Main DME	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[3]

References

• [1] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01131546) Efficacy and Safety of Levamlodipine Besylate Compared to Amlodipine Maleate in Patients With Essential Hypertension. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [2] Effects of (S)-amlodipine and (R)-amlodipine on L-type calcium channel current of rat ventricular myocytes and cytosolic calcium of aortic smooth muscle cells. Pharmazie. 2008 Jun;63(6):470-4.
• [3] Amlodipine metabolism in human liver microsomes and roles of CYP3A4/5 in the dihydropyridine dehydrogenation. Drug Metab Dispos. 2014 Feb;42(2):245-9.
• [4] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [5] Antibodies and venom peptides: new modalities for ion channels. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019 May;18(5):339-357.
• [6] Recent updates of N-type calcium channel blockers with therapeutic potential for neuropathic pain and stroke. Curr Top Med Chem. 2009;9(4):377-95.
• [7] Emerging drugs for irritable bowel syndrome. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 May;11(2):293-313.
• [8] N- and L-type calcium channel antagonist improves glomerular dynamics, reverses severe nephrosclerosis, and inhibits apoptosis and proliferation in an l-NAME/SHR model. J Hypertens. 2002 May;20(5):993-1000.
• [9] Efficacy of MEM 1003, a novel calcium channel blocker, in delay and trace eyeblink conditioning in older rabbits. Neurobiol Aging. 2007 May;28(5):766-73.
• [10] Role of apoptosis in the kidney after reperfusion. Orv Hetil. 2008 Feb 17;149(7):305-15.
• [11] Hemodynamic effects of a calcium channel promoter, BAY y 5959, are preserved after chronic administration in ischemic heart failure in conscious dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Aug;286(2):760-6.
• [12] Q-type Ca2+ channels are located closer to secretory sites than L-type channels: functional evidence in chromaffin cells. Pflugers Arch. 1998 Mar;435(4):472-8.
• [13] Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
• [14] Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
• [15] Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75.
• [16] Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):263-9.
• [17] Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
• [18] Potent mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 by imatinib explains its liability to interact with CYP3A4 substrates. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2787-98.
• [19] Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
• [20] The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver microsomes in vitro: formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):267-76.
• [21] Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.