Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DM4LSNE)

Drug Name
Procaine
Synonyms
Allocaine; Anticort; Anuject; Duracaine; Gerokit; Gerovital; Jenacain; Jenacaine; Nissocaine; Norocaine; Novocain; Novocaine; Procain; Procaina; Procainum; Scurocaine; Spinocaine; Solution of novocain; Factor H3; SP01; SP01A; Stoff H3; Vitamin H3; Anticort (TM); Diethylaminoethyl p-aminobenzoate; Gerovital H-3; Novocain (TN); P-Aminobenzoyldiethylaminoethanol; P-Aminobenzyoyldiethylaminoethanol; Procaina [INN-Spanish]; Procaine (INN); Procaine [INN:BAN]; Procaine, base; Procainum [INN-Latin]; SP-01A; Solution of novocain (TN); Beta-Diethylaminoethyl 4-aminobenzoate; P-Aminobenzoic acid 2-diethylaminoethyl ester; Beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate; Beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoate; BENZOIC ACID,4-AMINO,2-DIETHYLAMINOETHYL ESTER PROCAIN BASE; Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester; Benzoic acid, p-amino-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester; 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate; 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoate; 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl-4-aminobenzoate; 2-Diethylaminoethyl 4-aminobenzoate; 2-Diethylaminoethyl p-aminobenzoate; 2-Diethylaminoethylester kyseliny p-aminobenzoove; 2-Diethylaminoethylester kyseliny p-aminobenzoove [Czech]; 4-Aminobenzoesaeure-beta-diethylaminoethylester; 4-Aminobenzoic acid 2-(diethylamino) ethyl ester; 4-Aminobenzoic acid diethylaminoethyl ester
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [1]
Therapeutic Class
Anesthetics
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 236.31
Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp) 1.9
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 4
ADMET Property
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 7.7 minutes [2]
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via plasma esterases []
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 60.4507 micromolar/kg/day [3]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C13H20N2O2
IUPAC Name
2-(diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate
Canonical SMILES
CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N
InChI
InChI=1S/C13H20N2O2/c1-3-15(4-2)9-10-17-13(16)11-5-7-12(14)8-6-11/h5-8H,3-4,9-10,14H2,1-2H3
InChIKey
MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
4914
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:8430
CAS Number
59-46-1
DrugBank ID
DB00721
TTD ID
D0TZ1G
ACDINA ID
D01361

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
5-HT 3A receptor (HTR3A) TTPC4TU 5HT3A_HUMAN Antagonist [4]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 (PLCG1) OTSBQR6D PLCG1_HUMAN Post-Translational Modifications [5]
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme (ALPL) OTG7J4BP PPBT_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [6]
Cadherin-5 (CDH5) OTVX0E1Q CADH5_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
Cocaine esterase (CES2) OTC647SQ EST2_HUMAN Biotransformations [7]
Estrogen receptor (ESR1) OTKLU61J ESR1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [6]
Histamine H1 receptor (HRH1) OT8F9FV6 HRH1_HUMAN Drug Response [5]
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) OTX7MWW1 ITPR1_HUMAN Post-Translational Modifications [5]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Post-Translational Modifications [5]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Post-Translational Modifications [5]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (NR1I2) OTC5U0N5 NR1I2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [8]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease Anaesthesia
ICD Disease Classification 9A78.6
Molecule Name Molecule Type Gene Name p-value Fold-Change Z-score
5-HT 3A receptor (HTR3A) DTT HTR3A 6.60E-01 1.08E-02 0.04
Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Procaine
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
Atracurium DM42HXN Moderate Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Procaine and Atracurium. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [9]
Mivacurium DM473VD Moderate Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Procaine and Mivacurium. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [9]
Pancuronium DMB0VY8 Moderate Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Procaine and Pancuronium. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [9]
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Procaine (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Prilocaine DMI7DZ2 Major Increased risk of methemoglobinemia by the combination of Procaine and Prilocaine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [10]
Vecuronium DMP0UK2 Moderate Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Procaine and Vecuronium. Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47] [9]
Rocuronium DMY9BMK Moderate Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Procaine and Rocuronium. Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47] [9]

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
methylparaben E00149 7456 Antimicrobial preservative
Propylparaben sodium E00567 23679044 Antimicrobial preservative
Sodium citrate anhydrous E00102 6224 Alkalizing agent; Buffering agent; Complexing agent; Emulsifying agent
Povidone E00667 Not Available Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Soybean lecithin E00637 Not Available Other agent
Carboxymethylcellulose E00692 Not Available Adsorbent; Suspending agent; Binding agent; Disintegrant; Viscosity-increasing agent
⏷ Show the Full List of 6 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Procaine 300000 units/ml injectable 300000 units/ml Injectable Injection
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
2 Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
3 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
4 Local anesthetics have different mechanisms and sites of action at recombinant 5-HT3 receptors. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007 Nov-Dec;32(6):462-70.
5 H(1)R mediates local anesthetic-induced vascular permeability in angioedema. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2020 Apr 1;392:114921. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114921. Epub 2020 Feb 12.
6 Sensitivity of human dental pulp cells to eighteen chemical agents used for endodontic treatments in dentistry. Odontology. 2013 Jan;101(1):43-51.
7 Determination and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotype structure of the human carboxylesterase 2 gene. Pharmacogenetics. 2004 Sep;14(9):595-605. doi: 10.1097/00008571-200409000-00004.
8 Screening of a chemical library reveals novel PXR-activating pharmacologic compounds. Toxicol Lett. 2015 Jan 5;232(1):193-202. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.009. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
9 Multum Information Services, Inc. Expert Review Panel.
10 Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA.".