Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMFJZK3)

• Drug Name: Arecoline
• Synonyms: arecoline; Arecholine; Arecaline; 63-75-2; Methylarecaiden; Methylarecaidin; Arecolin; Arekolin; Arecoline base; Arecaidine methyl ester; Arecholin; methyl 1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate; 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-, methyl ester; Methyl N-methyltetrahydronicotinate; C8H13NO2; N-Methyltetrahydronicotinic acid, methyl ester; Methyl 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methylnicotinate; UNII-4ALN5933BH; NSC 56321; Methyl N-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydronicotinate; CCRIS 7688

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Parkinson disease	8A00.0	Phase 1	[1]

• Drug Type: Small molecular drug
• #Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0:
  Molecular Weight (mw); 155.19
  Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp); 0.3
  Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds); 2
  Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor); 0
  Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc); 3
• Chemical Identifiers:
  Formula: C8H13NO2
  IUPAC Name: methyl 1-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-5-carboxylate
  Canonical SMILES: CN1CCC=C(C1)C(=O)OC
  InChI: InChI=1S/C8H13NO2/c1-9-5-3-4-7(6-9)8(10)11-2/h4H,3,5-6H2,1-2H3
  InChIKey: HJJPJSXJAXAIPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 2230
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:2814
  CAS Number: 63-75-2
  DrugBank ID: DB04365
  TTD ID: D07EFM

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1)	TTZ9SOR	ACM1_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[2]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH9A1)	OTNWHUJ1	AL9A1_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[3]
5' exonuclease Apollo (DCLRE1B)	OT2LFW7A	DCR1B_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[3]
72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP2)	OT5NIWA2	MMP2_HUMAN	Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes	[4]
Actin, aortic smooth muscle (ACTA2)	OTEDLG8E	ACTA_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[5]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 (AKR1A1)	OTZT9NOW	AK1A1_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[3]
Amine oxidase A (MAOA)	OT8NIWMQ	AOFA_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[3]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[6]
Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1)	OT5BN6VH	BRCA1_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[3]
C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5)	OTSCA5CK	CCL5_HUMAN	Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes	[7]
Cadherin-1 (CDH1)	OTFJMXPM	CADH1_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[5]

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

• The Studied Disease: Parkinson disease
• ICD Disease Classification: 8A00.0

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1)	DTT	CHRM1	5.59E-01	0.19	0.41

References

• [1] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 296).
• [2] How many drug targets are there Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6.
• [3] Characterization of arecoline-induced effects on cytotoxicity in normal human gingival fibroblasts by global gene expression profiling. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Nov;100(1):66-74.
• [4] Oral submucous fibrosis: review on aetiology and pathogenesis. Oral Oncol. 2006 Jul;42(6):561-8.
• [5] Arecoline induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in HK2 cells by upregulating the ERK-mediated signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol. 2020 Sep;35(9):1007-1014. doi: 10.1002/tox.22937. Epub 2020 May 22.
• [6] Arecoline decreases interleukin-6 production and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human basal cell carcinoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Jan 15;258(2):199-207. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.11.001. Epub 2011 Nov 13.
• [7] Bronchial epithelium-derived IL-8 and RANTES increased bronchial smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation by Krpel-like factor 5 in areca nut-mediated airway remodeling. Toxicol Sci. 2011 May;121(1):177-90.