Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DIS2EKMJ)

• Disease Name: Streptococcal pneumonia
• Synonyms: pneumonia caused by streptococcus; Streptococcus pneumonia; Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia; streptococcal pneumonia; pneumococcal pneumonia; pneumonia due to streptococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae caused pneumonia
• Definition: A febrile disease caused by streptococcus pneumoniae.
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DIS8EF3M: Pneumonia
  DIS6SXQD: Pneumococcal infection
  DISPW7PH: Bacterial pneumonia
  DIS2EKMJ: Streptococcal pneumonia
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0005972
  MESH ID: D011018
  UMLS CUI: C0155862
  MedGen ID: 57615
  SNOMED CT ID: 233607000

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 17 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Amoxicillin	DMUYNEI	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]
Ampicillin	DMHWE7P	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
Cefditoren	DMSUVM1	Approved	Small molecular drug	[3]
Cefepime	DMHVWIK	Approved	Small molecular drug	[4]
Cefpodoxime	DMJUNY5	Approved	Small molecular drug	[5]
Clarithromycin	DM4M1SG	Approved	Small molecular drug	[6]
Clavulanate	DM2FGRT	Approved	Small molecular drug	[7]
Clindamycin	DM15HL8	Approved	Small molecular drug	[8]
Ertapenem	DM4S3O8	Approved	Small molecular drug	[9]
Erythromycin	DM4K7GQ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[10]
Gatifloxacin	DMSL679	Approved	Small molecular drug	[11]
Gemifloxacin	DMHT34O	Approved	Small molecular drug	[12]
Levofloxacin	DMS60RB	Approved	Small molecular drug	[13]
Moxifloxacin	DMU8V4S	Approved	Small molecular drug	[14]
Norfloxacin	DMIZ6W2	Approved	Small molecular drug	[15]
Ofloxacin	DM0VQN3	Approved	Small molecular drug	[16]
Telithromycin	DMZ4P3A	Approved	Small molecular drug	[17]

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Drugs in Phase 3 Trial

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Azithromycin	DMS6UOE	Phase 3 Trial	Small molecular drug	[18]

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Benzylpenicillin	DMS9503	Phase 3	Small molecular drug	[19]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 9 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
IRAK3	TTBPJOK	Limited	Altered Expression	[20]
PTAFR	TTQL5VC	Limited	Biomarker	[21]
TRIP10	TTKHTGE	Limited	Genetic Variation	[22]
MAPK1	TT4TQBX	moderate	Biomarker	[23]
C3	TTJGY7A	Strong	ModifyingMutation	[24]
DEFB4A	TTIVY12	Strong	Biomarker	[23]
MAPK3	TT1MG9E	Strong	Biomarker	[23]
MASP2	TTR01E9	Strong	Biomarker	[25]
SIRT1	TTUF2HO	Strong	Biomarker	[23]

This Disease Is Related to 12 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
DOCK3	OTF3YS2W	Limited	Genetic Variation	[26]
IBTK	OTB2GM4G	Limited	Biomarker	[27]
IL22RA2	OTGOFDCY	Limited	Biomarker	[28]
IRGM	OTKD3O5Z	Limited	Biomarker	[29]
ITLN1	OT7ZLJVV	Limited	Biomarker	[30]
MED1	OTOO24C4	Limited	Genetic Variation	[26]
NLRC4	OTAIA3NA	Limited	Biomarker	[31]
PGLYRP3	OT5C7PRT	Limited	Biomarker	[32]
PGLYRP4	OTI115BR	Limited	Biomarker	[33]
RPL22	OTVCN8K0	Limited	Genetic Variation	[34]
TFF2	OTRXB19X	Limited	Biomarker	[30]
PROCR	OTRHED17	Strong	Biomarker	[35]

References

• [1] Amoxicillin FDA Label
• [2] Ampicillin FDA Label
• [3] Cefditoren FDA Label
• [4] Cefepime FDA Label
• [5] Cefpodoxime FDA Label
• [6] Clarithromycin FDA Label
• [7] Clavulanate FDA Label
• [8] Clindamycin FDA Label
• [9] Ertapenem FDA Label
• [10] Erythromycin FDA Label
• [11] Gatifloxacin FDA Label
• [12] Gemifloxacin FDA Label
• [13] Levofloxacin FDA Label
• [14] Moxifloxacin FDA Label
• [15] Norfloxacin FDA Label
• [16] Ofloxacin FDA Label
• [17] Telithromycin FDA Label
• [18] Azithromycin FDA Label
• [19] Pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia. Lancet. 2009 Oct 31;374(9700):1543-56.
• [20] TREM-1 activation alters the dynamics of pulmonary IRAK-M expression in vivo and improves host defense during pneumococcal pneumonia.J Immunol. 2009 Aug 1;183(3):2027-36. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803862. Epub 2009 Jul 13.
• [21] Exposure to welding fumes and lower airway infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Feb;137(2):527-534.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.06.033. Epub 2015 Aug 12.
• [22] Efficacy and pharmacodynamics of simulated human-like treatment with levofloxacin on experimental pneumonia induced with penicillin-resistant pneumococci with various susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones.J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002 Sep;50(3):349-60. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkf131.
• [23] Role of SIRT1 in Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced human -defensin-2 and interleukin-8 expression in A549 cell. Mol Cell Biochem. 2014 Sep;394(1-2):199-208. doi: 10.1007/s11010-014-2095-2. Epub 2014 Jun 4.
• [24] Cirrhosis-induced defects in innate pulmonary defenses against Streptococcus pneumoniae.BMC Microbiol. 2007 Oct 23;7:94. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-7-94.
• [25] Inherited deficiency of mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2.N Engl J Med. 2003 Aug 7;349(6):554-60. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa022836.
• [26] Drug-resistant genes and serotypes of pneumococcal strains of community-acquired pneumonia among adults in Japan.Respirology. 2006 Jul;11(4):429-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00867.x.
• [27] Btk inhibitor ibrutinib reduces inflammatory myeloid cell responses in the lung during murine pneumococcal pneumonia.Mol Med. 2019 Jan 15;25(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s10020-018-0069-7.
• [28] Interleukin-22 (IL-22) Binding Protein Constrains IL-22 Activity, Host Defense, and Oxidative Phosphorylation Genes during Pneumococcal Pneumonia.Infect Immun. 2019 Oct 18;87(11):e00550-19. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00550-19. Print 2019 Nov.
• [29] Irgm1 coordinately regulates autoimmunity and host defense at select mucosal surfaces.JCI Insight. 2017 Aug 17;2(16):e91914. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.91914. eCollection 2017 Aug 17.
• [30] ASC and NLRP3 maintain innate immune homeostasis in the airway through an inflammasome-independent mechanism.Mucosal Immunol. 2019 Sep;12(5):1092-1103. doi: 10.1038/s41385-019-0181-1. Epub 2019 Jul 5.
• [31] Sublingual flagellin protects against acute pneumococcal pneumonia in a TLR5-dependent and NLRC4-independent fashion.Future Microbiol. 2016 Sep;11:1167-77. doi: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0045. Epub 2016 Aug 22.
• [32] Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 3 Does Not Alter the Outcome of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Mice.Front Microbiol. 2018 Feb 1;9:103. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00103. eCollection 2018.
• [33] Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 4 Limits Bacterial Clearance and Inflammation in Lungs by Control of the Gut Microbiota.Front Immunol. 2019 Sep 20;10:2106. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02106. eCollection 2019.
• [34] Emergence of a Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate resistant to streptogramins by mutation in ribosomal protein L22 during pristinamycin therapy of pneumococcal pneumonia.J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 May;59(5):1010-2. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkm041. Epub 2007 Apr 13.
• [35] An early increase in endothelial protein C receptor is associated with excess mortality in pneumococcal pneumonia with septic shock in the ICU.Crit Care. 2018 Oct 5;22(1):251. doi: 10.1186/s13054-018-2179-6.