Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISBIXK4)

• Disease Name: African trypanosomiasis
• Synonyms: African sleeping sickness; African trypanosomiasis; Africam sleeping sickness; sleeping sickness
• Disease Class: 1F51: African trypanosomiasis
• Definition: A parasitic disorder caused by protozoa of the Trypanosoma brucei species. It is transmitted by flies and is endemic in various regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. Signs and symptoms include fever, joint pain, headache, and significant swelling of the lymph nodes. If left untreated, the parasitic infection causes anemia, heart, kidney, and endocrine failure, and neurologic damage. Subsequently patients develop confusion, disruption of the sleep cycle, and mental deterioration. The infection may lead to coma and death.
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DISGFCIX: Vector-borne disease
  DISUBO83: Trypanosomiasis
  DISBIXK4: African trypanosomiasis
• ICD Code:
  ICD-11: ICD-11: 1F51
  ICD-10: ICD-10: B56, B56.9
  ICD-9: ICD-9: 86.5
  Expand ICD-11: '1F51
  Expand ICD-10: 'B56; 'B56.9
  Expand ICD-9: 86.5
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0005459
  MESH ID: D014353
  UMLS CUI: C0041228
  MedGen ID: 21714
  Orphanet ID: 3385
  SNOMED CT ID: 27031003

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 3 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Eflornithine	DMJOQM3	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]
Fexinidazole	DMOYE70	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
Pentamidine	DMHZJCG	Approved	Small molecular drug	[3]

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Suramin	DMTOUY9	Phase 1	Small molecular drug	[4]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 3 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
APOL1	TTDB8PW	Strong	Genetic Variation	[5]
GMPS	TTCFP0V	Strong	Biomarker	[6]
TMPRSS11D	TTWHYC8	Strong	Genetic Variation	[7]

This Disease Is Related to 1 DTP Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTP ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
SLC9A6	DTN0JXW	moderate	Biomarker	[8]

This Disease Is Related to 12 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
HPR	OTXSC9UB	Limited	Genetic Variation	[9]
DDOST	OT39PDMS	Strong	Biomarker	[10]
LAMP3	OTN0XL3W	Strong	Biomarker	[11]
LSAMP	OTYXVQX2	Strong	Biomarker	[11]
MCF2L	OTEURA8N	Strong	Biomarker	[10]
PAQR7	OTIWX5AM	Strong	Altered Expression	[12]
PEX16	OTJQJ2TZ	Strong	Biomarker	[13]
SRL	OT7IEBWZ	Strong	Biomarker	[14]
STT3A	OTDPS6AV	Strong	Biomarker	[10]
STT3B	OTRLJTF0	Strong	Biomarker	[10]
TIMM10	OT99QR7R	Strong	Genetic Variation	[15]
TIMM9	OTK7PDNN	Strong	Altered Expression	[15]

References

• [1] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5176).
• [2] FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2021. Application Number: 214429.
• [3] Pentamidine FDA Label
• [4] Arsenicals (Melarsoprol), Pentamidine and Suramin in the Treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis. Parasitol Res. 2003 May;90(1):71-9.
• [5] No evidence for association between APOL1 kidney disease risk alleles and Human African Trypanosomiasis in two Ugandan populations.PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018 Feb 22;12(2):e0006300. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006300. eCollection 2018 Feb.
• [6] GMP synthase is essential for viability and infectivity of Trypanosoma brucei despite a redundant purine salvage pathway.Mol Microbiol. 2015 Sep;97(5):1006-20. doi: 10.1111/mmi.13083. Epub 2015 Jul 4.
• [7] Parasite specific 7SL-derived small RNA is an effective target for diagnosis of active trypanosomiasis infection.PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 Feb 19;13(2):e0007189. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007189. eCollection 2019 Feb.
• [8] HSP60/10 chaperonin systems are inhibited by a variety of approved drugs, natural products, and known bioactive molecules. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2019 May 1; 29(9):1106-1112.
• [9] A polymorphism in the haptoglobin, haptoglobin related protein locus is associated with risk of human sleeping sickness within Cameroonian populations.PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Oct 27;11(10):e0005979. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005979. eCollection 2017 Oct.
• [10] Single-subunit oligosaccharyltransferases of Trypanosoma brucei display different and predictable peptide acceptor specificities.J Biol Chem. 2017 Dec 8;292(49):20328-20341. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.810945. Epub 2017 Sep 19.
• [11] Illuminating the Prevalence of Trypanosoma brucei s.l. in Glossina Using LAMP as a Tool for Xenomonitoring.PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Feb 18;10(2):e0004441. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004441. eCollection 2016 Feb.
• [12] The role of Trypanosoma brucei MRPA in melarsoprol susceptibility.Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2006 Mar;146(1):38-44. doi: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.10.016. Epub 2005 Nov 18.
• [13] Identification and functional characterization of Trypanosoma brucei peroxin 16.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Oct;1853(10 Pt A):2326-37. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.024. Epub 2015 May 27.
• [14] African trypanosomiasis: Synthesis & SAR enabling novel drug discovery of ubiquinol mimics for trypanosome alternative oxidase.Eur J Med Chem. 2017 Dec 1;141:676-689. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.067. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
• [15] Divergent Small Tim Homologues Are Associated with TbTim17 and Critical for the Biogenesis of TbTim17 Protein Complexes in Trypanosoma brucei.mSphere. 2018 Jun 20;3(3):e00204-18. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00204-18. Print 2018 Jun 27.