General Information of Disease (ID: DISFPT78)

Disease Name Anthrax
Synonyms anthrax disease; Bacillus anthracis disease or disorder; Bacillus anthracis caused disease or disorder; Bacillus anthracis infectious disease; anthrax
Disease Class 1B97: Anthrax
Definition
An infection caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria. It may affect the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, or skin. Patients with lung infection present with fever, headaches, cough, chest pain and shortness of breath. Patients with gastrointestinal infection present with nausea, vomiting and bloody diarrhea. Patients with skin infection develop blisters and ulcers.|Editor note: DOID says skin disease but we suppress this as it would be identical to subclass skin anthrax
Disease Hierarchy
DISG0H9V: Bacillaceae infectious disease
DIS8ZVFW: Primary bacterial infectious disease
DISEM33Q: Infectious disease
DISFPT78: Anthrax
ICD Code
ICD-11
ICD-11: 1B97
ICD-9
ICD-9: 22
Expand ICD-11
'1B97
Expand ICD-10
'A22; 'A22.0; 'A22.1; 'A22.2; 'A22.7; 'A22.8; 'A22.9
Expand ICD-9
22
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0005119
MESH ID
D000881
UMLS CUI
C0003175
MedGen ID
8110
SNOMED CT ID
409498004

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 8 Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Approved Small molecular drug [1]
Doxycycline DM7ICNU Approved Small molecular drug [2]
ETI-204 DMBIYNH Approved Antibody [3]
Fusidic Acid DMWVCF3 Approved Small molecular drug [4]
Levofloxacin DMS60RB Approved Small molecular drug [5]
Norfloxacin DMIZ6W2 Approved Small molecular drug [6]
Ofloxacin DM0VQN3 Approved Small molecular drug [7]
Raxibacumab DM7QG0M Approved Monoclonal antibody [8]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 8 Drug(s)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 12 Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
AV7909 DM42N5V Phase 3 Vaccine [9]
Benzylpenicillin DMS9503 Phase 3 Small molecular drug [10]
AV-7909 DMUS9CO Phase 2 NA [11]
NuThrax DMGDWUF Phase 2 NA [12]
RPA-102 DMZNNS7 Phase 2 NA [13]
SparVax recombinant protective antigen anthrax vaccine DM9VADK Phase 2 NA [14]
Anthrax transdermal vaccine DMLLAWW Phase 1 NA [15]
BW-1010 DMJPN84 Phase 1 Vaccine [16]
NasoShield DMTQ35M Phase 1 Vaccine [17]
Px563L DMBEE3U Phase 1 NA [12]
RPA gene based adenovirus 4 vector vaccine DMW1THE Phase 1 NA [18]
Valtorim DMQBV8E Phase 1 NA [19]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 12 Drug(s)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Discontinued Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Anthrax DNA vaccine DMCEKT2 Discontinued in Phase 1 NA [20]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 3 Preclinical Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
F24F2 DM29M4R Preclinical Antibody [21]
F26G3 DM2GEHA Preclinical Antibody [21]
F26G4 DMAVQ2X Preclinical Antibody [21]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 3 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
ANTXR2 TTOD34I Limited Biomarker [22]
NLRP1 TTQX29T Strong Biomarker [23]
PRCP TTTJZ4M Strong Biomarker [24]
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This Disease Is Related to 13 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
ANTXR1 OT5W1GPC Strong Genetic Variation [25]
ARAP3 OTUWZTH7 Strong Biomarker [26]
CNTNAP1 OT5Y03EU Strong Genetic Variation [27]
FBRS OTUVH446 Strong Biomarker [28]
FBXO8 OTZNGJGW Strong Biomarker [28]
IMMT OTBDSLE7 Strong Biomarker [29]
ITIH4 OT460OO1 Strong Altered Expression [30]
KIF1C OTKYLP1Q Strong Genetic Variation [31]
MAP2K3 OTI2OREX Strong Biomarker [32]
NLRC4 OTAIA3NA Strong Biomarker [33]
PAGR1 OTXR5PQ8 Strong Biomarker [34]
PPIP5K2 OTO61OBN Strong Biomarker [35]
STT3A OTDPS6AV Strong Biomarker [36]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 13 DOT(s)

References

1 A standard database for drug repositioning. Sci Data. 2017 Mar 14;4:170029.
2 Doxycycline FDA Label
3 2016 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2017 Feb 2;16(2):73-76.
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5 Levofloxacin FDA Label
6 Norfloxacin FDA Label
7 Ofloxacin FDA Label
8 Modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses by tofacitinib (CP-690,550). J Immunol. 2011 Apr 1;186(7):4234-43.
9 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03877926) VELOCITY: An Anthrax Vaccine Clinical Study. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
10 Human Anthrax: Update of the Diagnosis and Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Mar 10;13(6):1056.
11 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01770743) A Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study for an Anthrax Vaccine Using 3 Schedules and Two Dose Levels. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
12 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
13 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00100724) Trial of rPA-102 Vaccine in Healthy Adult Volunteers. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
14 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of PharmAthene.
15 Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800024214)
16 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04148118) A Safety and Immunogenicity of Intranasal Nanoemulsion Adjuvanted Recombinant Anthrax Vaccine in Healthy Adults (IN NE-rPA). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
17 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03352466) NasoShield Study of Safety and Immunogenicity (NasoShield). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
18 Safety and immunogenicity of an oral, replicating adenovirus serotype 4 vector vaccine for H5N1 influenza: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013 Mar;13(3):238-50.
19 More Than 450 Medicines in Development for Rare Diseases. Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America report. 2013.
20 Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800018519)
21 Protective and immunochemical activities of monoclonal antibodies reactive with the Bacillus anthracis polypeptide capsule. Infect Immun. 2007 Jan;75(1):152-63.
22 Capillary morphogenesis protein 2 is a novel prognostic biomarker and plays oncogenic roles in glioma.J Pathol. 2018 Jun;245(2):160-171. doi: 10.1002/path.5062. Epub 2018 Apr 2.
23 NLRP1 - One NLR to guard them all.EMBO J. 2019 Jul 1;38(13):e102494. doi: 10.15252/embj.2019102494. Epub 2019 Jun 12.
24 Polysaccharide PCP-I isolated from Poria cocos enhances the immunogenicity and protection of an anthrax protective antigen-based vaccine.Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020 Jul 2;16(7):1699-1707. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1675457. Epub 2019 Dec 6.
25 A biallelic ANTXR1 variant expands the anthrax toxin receptor associated phenotype to tooth agenesis.Am J Med Genet A. 2018 Apr;176(4):1015-1022. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38625. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
26 EST-based genome-wide gene inactivation identifies ARAP3 as a host protein affecting cellular susceptibility to anthrax toxin.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Dec 7;101(49):17246-51. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0407794101. Epub 2004 Nov 29.
27 Genetic characteristics of Bacillus anthracis isolated from northwestern China from 1990 to 2016.PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018 Nov 12;12(11):e0006908. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006908. eCollection 2018 Nov.
28 Yeast-hybrid based high-throughput assay for identification of anthrax lethal factor inhibitors.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Jan 7;404(1):517-22. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.015. Epub 2010 Dec 6.
29 Anthrax: a motor protein determines anthrax susceptibility.Curr Biol. 2001 Nov 13;11(22):R905-6. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00550-4.
30 Systematic mutational analysis of human neutrophil -defensin HNP4.Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2019 Apr 1;1861(4):835-844. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.01.007. Epub 2019 Jan 15.
31 Quickening the pace of anthrax research: three advances point towards possible therapies.Trends Microbiol. 2002 Feb;10(2):58-62. doi: 10.1016/s0966-842x(01)02294-6.
32 Bacillus anthracis' lethal toxin induces broad transcriptional responses in human peripheral monocytes.BMC Immunol. 2012 Jul 2;13:33. doi: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-33.
33 Inflammasomes: guardians of cytosolic sanctity.Immunol Rev. 2009 Jan;227(1):95-105. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00730.x.
34 NAD+-Glycohydrolase Promotes Intracellular Survival of Group A Streptococcus.PLoS Pathog. 2016 Mar 3;12(3):e1005468. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005468. eCollection 2016 Mar.
35 Structure, Function and Evolution of Clostridium botulinum C2 and C3 Toxins: Insight to Poultry and Veterinary Vaccines.Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2017;18(5):412-424. doi: 10.2174/1389203717666161201203311.
36 Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulated Protective Antigen Protects the Mice Against Anthrax.Front Immunol. 2018 Mar 20;9:562. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00562. eCollection 2018.