Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISMG0FL)

• Disease Name: Epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures
• Synonyms: epileptic seizures, tonic-clonic; tonic-clonic epilepsy; grand Mal epilepsy
• Definition: A generalized tonic-clonic seizure.
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DISZRK1H: Adolescent/adult-onset epilepsy syndrome
  DIS5B2FL: Adolescence-adult electroclinical syndrome
  DISMG0FL: Epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0005754
  MESH ID: D004830
  UMLS CUI: C0014549
  MedGen ID: 4987

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 7 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Carbamazepine	DMZOLBI	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]
Ethotoin	DMXWOCP	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
Methylphenobarbital	DMDSWAG	Approved	Small molecular drug	[3]
Phenobarbital	DMXZOCG	Approved	Small molecular drug	[4]
Phenytoin	DMNOKBV	Approved	Small molecular drug	[5]
Primidone	DM0WX6I	Approved	Small molecular drug	[6]
Topiramate	DM82Z30	Approved	Small molecular drug	[7]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 9 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
BCHE	TT3MSAO	Strong	Biomarker	[8]
BDNF	TTSMLOH	Strong	Biomarker	[9]
CYP2D6	TTVG215	Strong	Biomarker	[10]
FGF2	TTGKIED	Strong	Biomarker	[9]
HBEGF	TT15SL0	Strong	Biomarker	[9]
KCNJ10	TTG140O	Strong	Biomarker	[11]
NES	TTHZ752	Strong	Biomarker	[12]
NGF	TTDN3LF	Strong	Biomarker	[9]
NTF3	TTZHKV9	Strong	Biomarker	[9]

This Disease Is Related to 4 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
LGI1	OTPS77HO	Limited	Therapeutic	[13]
EFHC1	OTS9IBNE	moderate	Genetic Variation	[14]
SYN1	OTMNPWC1	moderate	Biomarker	[15]
OXT	OT48M72Z	Strong	Biomarker	[16]

References

• [1] Carbamazepine FDA Label
• [2] Ethotoin FDA Label
• [3] THE INFANT WITH EPILEPSY. Southwest Med. 1963 Dec;44:423-9.
• [4] Phenobarbital FDA Label
• [5] Phenytoin FDA Label
• [6] Primidone FDA Label
• [7] Topiramate FDA Label
• [8] Grand mal seizure in a child 30 minutes after Cyclogyl (cyclopentolate hydrochloride) and 10% Neo-Synephrine (phenylephrine hydrochloride) eye drops were instilled.Pediatrics. 2004 May;113(5):e499-500. doi: 10.1542/peds.113.5.e499.
• [9] Tonic-clonic seizures induce division of neuronal progenitor cells with concomitant changes in expression of neurotrophic factors in the brain of pilocarpine-treated mice.Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2005 Oct 3;139(2):258-66. doi: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.05.031.
• [10] Association of CYP2D6 100 C > T and 2850 C > T polymorphisms with generalized tonic clonic seizures among Indians.J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2006 Dec;113(12):1873-6. doi: 10.1007/s00702-006-0494-6. Epub 2006 Jul 13.
• [11] Expressional analysis of inwardly rectifying Kir4.1 channels in Noda epileptic rat (NER).Brain Res. 2013 Jun 23;1517:141-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.04.009. Epub 2013 Apr 17.
• [12] Beneficial effects of melatonin on morphological changes in postnatal cerebellar tissue owing to epileptiform activity during pregnancy in rats: light and immunohistochemical study.Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 2005 Oct 6;159(2):79-86. doi: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.07.004.
• [13] Down-Regulation of Astrocytic Kir4.1 Channels during the Audiogenic Epileptogenesis in Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 (Lgi1) Mutant Rats.Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Feb 26;20(5):1013. doi: 10.3390/ijms20051013.
• [14] The genetics of idiopathic generalized epilepsies of adolescent onset: differences between juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and epilepsy with random grand mal and with awakening grand mal.Neurology. 1995 May;45(5):942-6. doi: 10.1212/wnl.45.5.942.
• [15] Impaired GABA(B)-mediated presynaptic inhibition increases excitatory strength and alters short-term plasticity in synapsin knockout mice.Oncotarget. 2017 Sep 30;8(52):90061-90076. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.21405. eCollection 2017 Oct 27.
• [16] Prostaglandin-oxytocin induction of mid-trimester abortion complicated by grand mal-like seizures.Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1983;62(1):79-81. doi: 10.3109/00016348309155765.