General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC5SM9V)

Drug Combination Name
Letrozole Clomifene
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Infertility Phase 1 [1]
Component Drugs Letrozole   DMH07Y3 Clomifene   DMKI7RB
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Letrozole
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer N.A. Approved [2]
Hormonally-responsive breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [3]
Letrozole Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Aromatase (CYP19A1) TTSZLWK CP19A_HUMAN Inhibitor [6]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Letrozole Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [7]
Aromatase (CYP19A1) DEQX145 CP19A_HUMAN Metabolism [8]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) DEJVYAZ CP2A6_HUMAN Metabolism [9]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Letrozole Interacts with 18 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Aromatase (CYP19A1) OTZ6XF74 CP19A_HUMAN Decreases Activity [10]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) OTQGYY83 CP3A4_HUMAN Increases Oxidation [11]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) OT52TWG3 CP2A6_HUMAN Increases Oxidation [11]
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (AK1) OT614AR3 KAD1_HUMAN Increases ADR [12]
Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) OTRDLUSP DKK1_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Follitropin subunit beta (FSHB) OTGLS283 FSHB_HUMAN Increases Expression [14]
Lutropin subunit beta (LHB) OT5GBOVJ LSHB_HUMAN Increases Expression [14]
Progesterone receptor (PGR) OT0FZ3QE PRGR_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) OTO46S5S LIF_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Gap junction alpha-1 protein (GJA1) OTT94MKL CXA1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [16]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1) OT8HPTKJ CCND1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [17]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 (CCND2) OTDULQF9 CCND2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [17]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A) OTQWHCZE CDN1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [18]
Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) OT36W9O5 LIFR_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Proliferation marker protein Ki-67 (MKI67) OTA8N1QI KI67_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
Small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 (RPS6) OTT4D1LN RS6_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [17]
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51A1) OTAYHG9C CP51A_HUMAN Decreases Activity [19]
Fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) OTVIX6J0 FGF22_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 18 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Clomifene
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Female infertility GA31.Z Approved [4]
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism N.A. Approved [5]
Clomifene Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR) TTZAYWL ESR1_HUMAN Modulator [20]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Clomifene Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [21]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Clomifene Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DECB0K3 CP2D6_HUMAN Metabolism [22]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

References

1 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02294773) Study Evaluating the Timing of Intrauterine Insemination in Relation to Positive Home Ovulation Prediction Kit
2 Letrozole FDA Label
3 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5209).
4 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7619).
5 [Stimulation of spermatogenesis: For whom? Why? How?]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2016 Sep;44(9):505-16.
6 Aromatase inhibitors--theoretical concept and present experiences in the treatment of endometriosis. Zentralbl Gynakol. 2003 Jul-Aug;125(7-8):247-51.
7 Inhibition of drug metabolizing cytochrome P450s by the aromatase inhibitor drug letrozole and its major oxidative metabolite 4,4'-methanol-bisbenzonitrile in vitro. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;64(5):867-75.
8 Double-blind, randomised, multicentre endocrine trial comparing two letrozole doses, in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer. 1999 Feb;35(2):208-13.
9 Letrozole concentration is associated with CYP2A6 variation but not with arthralgia in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Nov;172(2):371-379.
10 Aromatase inhibition: translation into a successful therapeutic approach. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Apr 15;11(8):2809-21. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2187.
11 Deactivation of anti-cancer drug letrozole to a carbinol metabolite by polymorphic cytochrome P450 2A6 in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica. 2009 Nov;39(11):795-802. doi: 10.3109/00498250903171395.
12 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
13 Clomiphene citrate versus letrozole: molecular analysis of the endometrium in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2011 Oct;96(4):1051-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.1092.
14 Aromatase inhibition, testosterone, and seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 2004 Apr;5(2):260-3. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.001.
15 Aromatase inhibitors: cellular and molecular effects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 May;95(1-5):83-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.04.010.
16 Inhibition of estrogen receptor reduces connexin 43 expression in breast cancers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Jan 1;338:182-190. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.020. Epub 2017 Nov 24.
17 Dual inhibition of mTOR and estrogen receptor signaling in vitro induces cell death in models of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Jul 15;11(14):5319-28. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2402.
18 Synergistic activity of letrozole and sorafenib on breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Nov;124(1):79-88. doi: 10.1007/s10549-009-0714-5. Epub 2010 Jan 7.
19 Comparison of lanosterol-14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of human and Candida albicans for inhibition by different antifungal azoles. Toxicology. 2006 Nov 10;228(1):24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.007. Epub 2006 Aug 12.
20 The future of the new selective estrogen receptor modulators. Menopause Int. 2007 Mar;13(1):27-34.
21 Antiestrogens and steroid hormones: substrates of the human P-glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):287-92.
22 CYP2D6 is primarily responsible for the metabolism of clomiphene. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2008;23(2):101-5.