Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCYAYKI)

• Drug Combination Name: Vemurafenib + Cabozantinib
• Indication: Recurrent Melanoma; Status: Phase 1 [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Vemurafenib (DM62UG5): Small molecular drug
  Cabozantinib (DMIYDT4): Small molecular drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Vemurafenib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Melanoma	2C30	Approved	[2]

Vemurafenib Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf (BRAF)	TTWCGQT	BRAF_HUMAN	Modulator	[7]

Vemurafenib Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DT9C1TS	SO1B3_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]

Vemurafenib Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]

Vemurafenib Interacts with 19 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)	OT6XJCZH	MITF_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC)	OTPV5LUK	MYC_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)	OT7EP05T	CDK4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1)	OT8HPTKJ	CCND1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[6]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[6]
CD70 antigen (CD70)	OTHB2AL1	CD70_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2)	OT75U9M4	PGH2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBF1)	OTWBRPAI	SRBP1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[15]
Melanocyte protein PMEL (PMEL)	OTCDDHHM	PMEL_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Melanoma-associated antigen 1 (MAGEA1)	OTXAO193	MAGA1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Thyroxine 5-deiodinase (DIO3)	OTNTITOT	IOD3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells 1 (MLANA)	OT1N2S2K	MAR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A)	OTADSC03	HIF1A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
GTPase KRas (KRAS)	OT78QCN8	RASK_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[17]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf (BRAF)	OT7S81XQ	BRAF_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[18]
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A (HSPA1A)	OTKGIE76	HS71A_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[19]
GTPase NRas (NRAS)	OTVQ1DG3	RASN_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[17]

Indication(s) of Cabozantinib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Medullary thyroid gland carcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Thyroid cancer	2D10	Approved	[4]
Ovarian cancer	2C73	Phase 2	[4]

Cabozantinib Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Proto-oncogene c-Met (MET)	TTNDSF4	MET_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[20]
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR)	TTUTJGQ	VGFR2_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[20]

Cabozantinib Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[21]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[22]

Cabozantinib Interacts with 2 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET)	OT7K55MU	MET_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[23]
Alanine aminotransferase 1 (GPT)	OTOXOA0Q	ALAT1_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[24]

References

• [1] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01835184) Cabozantinib-S-Malate and Vemurafenib in Treating Patients With Solid Tumors or Melanoma That is Metastatic or That Cannot Be Removed By Surgery
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5893).
• [3] Cabozantinib FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5887).
• [5] PLX4032 Mediated Melanoma Associated Antigen Potentiation in Patient Derived Primary Melanoma Cells. J Cancer. 2015 Oct 29;6(12):1320-30. doi: 10.7150/jca.11126. eCollection 2015.
• [6] Actin remodeling confers BRAF inhibitor resistance to melanoma cells through YAP/TAZ activation. EMBO J. 2016 Mar 1;35(5):462-78. doi: 10.15252/embj.201592081. Epub 2015 Dec 14.
• [7] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [8] Differential effects of the oncogenic BRAF inhibitor PLX4032 (vemurafenib) and its progenitor PLX4720 on ABCB1 function. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;17(1):154-68.
• [9] Contribution of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 to the disposition of sorafenib and sorafenib-glucuronide. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Mar 15;19(6):1458-66.
• [10] Vemurafenib for the treatment of melanoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012 Dec;13(17):2533-43.
• [11] Perturbation biology nominates upstream-downstream drug combinations in RAF inhibitor resistant melanoma cells. Elife. 2015 Aug 18;4:e04640. doi: 10.7554/eLife.04640.
• [12] Role of the protein kinase BRAF in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2016 Aug;20(8):1017-29. doi: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1180367. Epub 2016 May 4.
• [13] Overcoming melanoma resistance to vemurafenib by targeting CCL2-induced miR-34a, miR-100 and miR-125b. Oncotarget. 2016 Jan 26;7(4):4428-41. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.6599.
• [14] Melanoma Expressed-CD70 Is Regulated by RhoA and MAPK Pathways without Affecting Vemurafenib Treatment Activity. PLoS One. 2016 Feb 1;11(2):e0148095. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148095. eCollection 2016.
• [15] Sustained SREBP-1-dependent lipogenesis as a key mediator of resistance to BRAF-targeted therapy. Nat Commun. 2018 Jun 27;9(1):2500. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04664-0.
• [16] MAPK and SHH pathways modulate type 3 deiodinase expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2016 Mar;23(3):135-46. doi: 10.1530/ERC-15-0162.
• [17] Paradoxical activation of MEK/ERK signaling induced by B-Raf inhibition enhances DR5 expression and DR5 activation-induced apoptosis in Ras-mutant cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2016 May 25;6:26803. doi: 10.1038/srep26803.
• [18] The BRAFT1799A mutation confers sensitivity of thyroid cancer cells to the BRAFV600E inhibitor PLX4032 (RG7204). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Jan 28;404(4):958-62. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.088. Epub 2010 Dec 23.
• [19] HSP70 Inhibition Limits FAK-Dependent Invasion and Enhances the Response to Melanoma Treatment with BRAF Inhibitors. Cancer Res. 2016 May 1;76(9):2720-30. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-2137. Epub 2016 Mar 16.
• [20] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Exelixis (2011).
• [21] Practical management of adverse events associated with cabozantinib treatment in patients with renal-cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther. 2017 Oct 19;10:5053-5064.
• [22] FDA Label of Cabozantinib. The 2020 official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
• [23] ROS-dependent DNA damage contributes to crizotinib-induced hepatotoxicity via the apoptotic pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 15;383:114768. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114768. Epub 2019 Oct 19.
• [24] Cytotoxicity of 34 FDA approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors in primary rat and human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Jul;291:138-148. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 Apr 12.