Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMU3DNC)

Drug Name

Pentoxifylline

Synonyms

Agapurin; Azupentat; Dimethyloxohexylxanthine; Durapental; Hemovas; Ikomio; Oxpentifylline; PENTOXYPHYLINE;PNX; Pentoxifilina; Pentoxifyllin; Pentoxifyllinum; Pentoxil; Pentoxiphyllin; Pentoxiphylline; Pentoxiphyllium; Pentoxyfylline; Pentoxyphyllin; Pentoxyphylline; Ralofect; Rentylin; Torental; Trental;Vasofirin; Vazofirin; Agapurin Retard; BL 191; BL191; EHT 0201; EHT0201; IN1161; P 1784; Artal (TN); BL-191; EHT-0201; EHT-201; Flexital (TN); Pentox (TN); Pentoxifilina [INN-Spanish]; Pentoxifyllinum [INN-Latin]; Pentoxil (TN); Pentoxin (TN); Trental (TN); Cis-9-Octadecenoyl coenzyme A; Pentoxifylline [USAN:INN:JAN]; Pentoxifylline (JAN/USP/INN); 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-2,6-purindion; 1-(5-Oxohexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine; 1-(5-Oxohexyl)theobromine; 3,7-Dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-1H-purine-2,6-dione; 3,7-Dimethyl-1-(5-oxo-hexyl)-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione; 3,7-Dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl) xantine; 3,7-Dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-1H,3H-purin-2,6-dione; 3,7-Dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione; 3,7-Dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)xanthine; 3,7-Dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)xantine; 3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)purine-2,6-dione

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Intermittent claudication	BD40.00	Approved	[1], [2]

Therapeutic Class

Vasodilator Agents

Drug Type

Small molecular drug

Structure

3D MOL

2D MOL

#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0

Molecular Weight (mw)

278.31

Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp)

0.3

Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds)

5

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor)

0

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc)

4

ADMET Property

BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability [3]
Clearance: The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 39 mL/min/kg [4]
Elimination: 0% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [3]
Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 1.2 hours [4]
MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 71.86143 micromolar/kg/day [5]
Unbound Fraction: The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.51% [4]
Vd: Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 1.8 L/kg [4]
Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 191 mg/mL [3]

Chemical Identifiers

Formula: C13H18N4O3
IUPAC Name: 3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)purine-2,6-dione
Canonical SMILES: CC(=O)CCCCN1C(=O)C2=C(N=CN2C)N(C1=O)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C13H18N4O3/c1-9(18)6-4-5-7-17-12(19)10-11(14-8-15(10)2)16(3)13(17)20/h8H,4-7H2,1-3H3
InChIKey: BYPFEZZEUUWMEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 4740
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:7986
CAS Number: 6493-05-6
DrugBank ID: DB00806
TTD ID: D09QEI
INTEDE ID: DR1255
ACDINA ID: D00517

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	TTF8CQI	TNFA_HUMAN	Not Available	[6], [7]

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Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)_{Main DME}	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]

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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease

Intermittent claudication

ICD Disease Classification

BD40.00

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	DTT	TNF	8.51E-01	0.05	0.27
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DME	CYP1A2	1.78E-01	-1.19E-01	-1.50E+00
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DME	CYP1A2	4.96E-02	5.36E-01	1.70E+00

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA)

MEA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
D&C red no. 30	E00456	3000709	Colorant
FD&C blue no. 2	E00446	2723854	Colorant
Isopropyl alcohol	E00070	3776	Antimicrobial preservative; Solvent
Sunset yellow FCF	E00255	17730	Colorant
FD&C red no. 3	E00629	Not Available	Colorant
Hypromellose	E00634	Not Available	Coating agent
Magnesium stearate	E00208	11177	lubricant
Povidone	E00667	Not Available	Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Silicon dioxide	E00670	Not Available	Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Talc	E00520	16211421	Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
Titanium dioxide	E00322	26042	Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
Triacetin	E00080	5541	Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
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⏷ Show the Full List of 12 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Pentoxifylline 400 mg tablet	400 mg	Extended Release Oral Tablet	Oral
Pentoxifylline 400 mg tablet	400 mg	Extended Release Tablet	Oral

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

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15	Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
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17	Identification of P450 enzymes involved in metabolism of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1993 Sep;348(3):332-7.
18	Metabolism and metabolic inhibition of xanthotoxol in human liver microsomes. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:5416509.
19	Efficacy of different thalidomide regimens for patients with multiple myeloma and its relationship with TNF-alpha level. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Dec;16(6):1312-5.
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21	Thalidomide and thalidomide analogues for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Apr 15;(2):CD007351.
22	Oral pentoxifylline inhibits release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from human peripheral blood monocytes : a potential treatment for aseptic loose... J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001 Jul;83(7):1057-61.
23	Hughes B: 2009 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010 Feb;9(2):89-92.
24	Emerging drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2008 Mar;13(1):175-96.
25	The potential of biologics for the treatment of asthma. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2012 Dec;11(12):958-72.
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