Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Interaction Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DMWVIGP)

Drug Name

Digitoxin Drug Info

Synonyms

Acedoxin; Asthenthilo; Cardidigin; Cardigin; Cardiolanata; Carditalin; Carditoxin; Coramedan; Cristapurat; Crystodigin; Digicor; Digilanid; Digilong; Digimed; Digimerck; Digipural; Digisidin; Digitoksim; Digitoksin; Digitophyllin; Digitossina; Digitoxina; Digitoxine; Digitoxinum; Digitoxoside; Digitoxosidum; Digitrin; Ditaven; Glucodigin; Lanatoxin; Lanostabil; Monodigitoxoside; Myodigin; Natigal; Pandigal; Panlanat; Purodigin; Purpurid; Tardigal; Unidigin; Crystalline digitalin; Digitaline cristallisee; Digitaline nativelle; Digitalinum verum; Digitossina [DCIT]; Digitoxigenin tridigitoxoside; LT00244784; Crystodigin (TN); De-Tone; Digitalin, crystalline; Digitaline (TN); Digitoxigenin-tridigitoxosid; Digitoxigenin-tridigitoxosid [German]; Digitoxina [INN-Spanish]; Digitoxine [INN-French]; Digitoxinum [INN-Latin]; Mono-digitoxid; Mono-digitoxid [German]; Mono-glycocard; Purodigin, crystalline; Tri-digitoxoside; Tri-digitoxoside [German]; Digitoxin [INN:BAN:JAN]; Digitoxin (JP15/USP/INN); Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase; 5.beta.-Card-20(22)-enolide, 3.beta.,14-dihydroxy-, 3-[tris-(digitoxoside)]

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Arrhythmia	BC9Z	Approved	[1]
Congestive cardiac insufficiency	BD1Z	Approved	[1]
Heart failure	BD10-BD13	Approved	[1]

Therapeutic Class

Antiarrhythmic Agents

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 441207
ChEBI ID: CHEMBL254219
CAS Number: CAS 71-63-6
TTD Drug ID: DMWVIGP
VARIDT Drug ID: DR00239
INTEDE Drug ID: DR0497

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule Type:

DTT

DTP

DME

DOT

Drug Status:

Approved Drug(s)

Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Discontinued Drug(s)

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Drug(s) Targeting Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (SPT ATPase)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Digoxin	DMQCTIH	Arrhythmia	BC9Z	Approved	[11]
Sanguinarine	DMDINFS	Dental plaque	DA08.4	Approved	[12]
Rostafuroxin	DMKQXDB	Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Phase 2	[13]
PBI-05204	DM05WIU	Pancreatic cancer	2C10	Phase 2	[14]
RX108	DM4XETK	Solid tumour/cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Phase 1	[15]
Istaroxime	DMWN09H	Cardiac disease	BA00-BE2Z	Discontinued in Phase 2	[16]
Cordil	DMQESM7	Heart arrhythmia	BC65	Terminated	[17]
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Drug(s) Transported By P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Amoxicillin	DMUYNEI	Acute otitis media	AB00	Approved	[18]
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[19]
Methotrexate	DM2TEOL	Anterior urethra cancer		Approved	[20]
Folic Acid	DMEMBJC	Colorectal carcinoma		Approved	[21]
Fluorouracil	DMUM7HZ	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[20]
Cisplatin	DMRHGI9	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[20]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[22]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[20]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[23]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[24]
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Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[25]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[26]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[27]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[28]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[29]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[30]
Etoposide	DMNH3PG	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[31]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[32]
Prasterone	DM67VKL	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Approved	[26]
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[33]
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Drug(s) Metabolized By UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[34]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[35]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[36]
Etoposide	DMNH3PG	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[37]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[38]
Valproate	DMCFE9I	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[39]
Mycophenolate mofetil	DMPQAGE	Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma		Approved	[40]
Metronidazole	DMTIVEN	Abscess		Approved	[41]
Propofol	DMB4OLE	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[42]
Ethanol	DMDRQZU	Chronic pain	MG30	Approved	[43]
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Drug(s) Metabolized By Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[44]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[45]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[46]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[47]
Aspirin	DM672AH	Acute coronary syndrome	BA41	Approved	[48]
Warfarin	DMJYCVW	Atrial fibrillation	BC81.3	Approved	[49]
Cholic Acid	DM7OKQV	Cholelithiasis	DC11	Approved	[50]
Liothyronine	DM6IR3P	Congenital hypothyroidism		Approved	[51]
Epinephrine	DM3KJBC	Acute asthma	CA23	Approved	[52]
Benzyl alcohol	DMBVYDI	Head and body lice	1G00.0	Approved	[53]
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Drug(s) Affected By ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Flupentixol	DM0DJ9O	Schizophrenia	6A20	Approved	[54]
Sertraline	DM0FB1J	Coronary heart disease	BA80.Z	Approved	[55]
Crizotinib	DM4F29C	Non-small-cell lung cancer	2C25.Y	Approved	[56]
Lamotrigine	DM8SXYG	Bipolar disorder	6A60	Approved	[57]
Cepharanthine	DM9Y5JB	N. A.	N. A.	Approved	[58]
Itraconazole	DMCR1MV	Aspergillosis	1F20	Approved	[59]
Clozapine	DMFC71L	Schizophrenia	6A20	Approved	[60]
Midostaurin	DMI6E0R	Acute myeloid leukaemia	2A60	Approved	[61]
Trifluoperazine	DMKBYWI	Anxiety		Approved	[62]
Olanzapine	DMPFN6Y	Bipolar depression		Approved	[60]
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Drug(s) Affected By Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 (CHEK1)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Dravet syndrome	8A61.11	Approved	[63]
Hydrogen peroxide	DM1NG5W	Infectious disease	1A00-CA43.1	Approved	[64]
Methotrexate	DM2TEOL	Anterior urethra cancer		Approved	[65]
Quercetin	DM3NC4M	Obesity	5B81	Approved	[66]
Furazolidone	DM3P6V7	Diarrhea	ME05.1	Approved	[67]
Troglitazone	DM3VFPD	Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[68]
Tretinoin	DM49DUI	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[69]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[70]
Arsenic trioxide	DM61TA4	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[71]
Liothyronine	DM6IR3P	Congenital hypothyroidism		Approved	[72]
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Drug(s) Affected By Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Fulvestrant	DM0YZC6	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[73]
Gefitinib	DM15F0X	Colon adenocarcinoma		Approved	[74]
Hydrogen peroxide	DM1NG5W	Infectious disease	1A00-CA43.1	Approved	[75]
Nitric Oxide	DM1RBYG	Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[76]
Etretinate	DM2CZFA	Keratosis	ED56	Approved	[77]
Sulindac	DM2QHZU	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[78]
Simvastatin	DM30SGU	Arteriosclerosis	BD40	Approved	[79]
Lapatinib	DM3BH1Y	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[80]
Quercetin	DM3NC4M	Obesity	5B81	Approved	[81]
Troglitazone	DM3VFPD	Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[82]
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Drug(s) Affected By Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 (CHEK2)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Floxuridine	DM04LR2	Colorectal cancer	2B91.Z	Approved	[83]
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Dravet syndrome	8A61.11	Approved	[63]
Hydrogen peroxide	DM1NG5W	Infectious disease	1A00-CA43.1	Approved	[84]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[70]
Arsenic trioxide	DM61TA4	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[85]
Aspirin	DM672AH	Acute coronary syndrome	BA41	Approved	[86]
Testosterone	DM7HUNW	Hot flushes	GA30	Approved	[87]
Calcitriol	DM8ZVJ7	Congenital alopecia	LC30	Approved	[87]
Valproate	DMCFE9I	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[88]
Capsaicin	DMGMF6V	Back pain	ME84.Z	Approved	[89]
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Drug(s) Affected By Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Hydrocortisone	DMGEMB7	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[90]
Nicotine	DMWX5CO	Lung cancer	2C25.0	Approved	[91]
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Dravet syndrome	8A61.11	Approved	[92]
Pantothenic acid	DM091H2	Vitamin deficiency	5B55-5B71	Approved	[93]
Mechlorethamine	DM0CVXA	Chronic myelogenous leukaemia	2A20.0	Approved	[94]
Fulvestrant	DM0YZC6	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[95]
Fexofenadine	DM17ONX	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[96]
Hydrogen peroxide	DM1NG5W	Infectious disease	1A00-CA43.1	Approved	[97]
Nitric Oxide	DM1RBYG	Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[98]
Lumiracoxib	DM1S4AG	Chronic renal failure	GB61.Z	Approved	[96]
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Drug(s) Affected By Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Hydrogen peroxide	DM1NG5W	Infectious disease	1A00-CA43.1	Approved	[99]
Selenium	DM25CGV	N. A.	N. A.	Approved	[100]
Tretinoin	DM49DUI	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[101]
Arsenic trioxide	DM61TA4	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[102]
Marinol	DM70IK5	Anorexia nervosa cachexia	6B80	Approved	[103]
Ciclosporin	DMAZJFX	Graft-versus-host disease	4B24	Approved	[104]
Valproate	DMCFE9I	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[88]
Sodium chloride	DMM3950	Skin burns	ME65.0	Approved	[105]
Bortezomib	DMNO38U	Leukemia		Approved	[106]
Cupric Sulfate	DMP0NFQ	Fungal infection	1F29-1F2F	Approved	[107]
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Drug(s) Affected By Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[108]
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Dravet syndrome	8A61.11	Approved	[109]
Fulvestrant	DM0YZC6	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[110]
Gefitinib	DM15F0X	Colon adenocarcinoma		Approved	[74]
Talazoparib	DM1KS78	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[111]
Hydrogen peroxide	DM1NG5W	Infectious disease	1A00-CA43.1	Approved	[64]
Etretinate	DM2CZFA	Keratosis	ED56	Approved	[77]
Prednisone	DM2HG4X	Acute asthma	CA23	Approved	[112]
Ciprofloxacin XR	DM2NLS9	Acute gonococcal cervicitis		Approved	[113]
Colchicine	DM2POTE	Acute gout flare	FA25.0	Approved	[114]
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Drug(s) Affected By Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Fulvestrant	DM0YZC6	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[115]
Gefitinib	DM15F0X	Colon adenocarcinoma		Approved	[116]
Prednisone	DM2HG4X	Acute asthma	CA23	Approved	[112]
Methotrexate	DM2TEOL	Anterior urethra cancer		Approved	[117]
Simvastatin	DM30SGU	Arteriosclerosis	BD40	Approved	[118]
Lapatinib	DM3BH1Y	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[119]
Quercetin	DM3NC4M	Obesity	5B81	Approved	[120]
Fluoxetine	DM3PD2C	Bipolar depression		Approved	[121]
Troglitazone	DM3VFPD	Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[122]
Tretinoin	DM49DUI	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[123]
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Drug(s) Affected By Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN (PTEN)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Dravet syndrome	8A61.11	Approved	[124]
Fulvestrant	DM0YZC6	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[125]
Hydrogen peroxide	DM1NG5W	Infectious disease	1A00-CA43.1	Approved	[126]
Methotrexate	DM2TEOL	Anterior urethra cancer		Approved	[127]
Cladribine	DM3JDRP	Hairy cell leukaemia	2A82.2	Approved	[128]
Quercetin	DM3NC4M	Obesity	5B81	Approved	[129]
Tretinoin	DM49DUI	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[130]
Arsenic trioxide	DM61TA4	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[131]
Thalidomide	DM70BU5	Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma		Approved	[132]
Testosterone	DM7HUNW	Hot flushes	GA30	Approved	[133]
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Drug(s) Affected By Cytochrome c (CYCS)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Dravet syndrome	8A61.11	Approved	[134]
Fulvestrant	DM0YZC6	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[135]
Gefitinib	DM15F0X	Colon adenocarcinoma		Approved	[136]
Leuprorelin acetate	DM15HAT	Prostate cancer	2C82.0	Approved	[137]
Hydrogen peroxide	DM1NG5W	Infectious disease	1A00-CA43.1	Approved	[138]
Nitric Oxide	DM1RBYG	Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[139]
Methotrexate	DM2TEOL	Anterior urethra cancer		Approved	[127]
Quercetin	DM3NC4M	Obesity	5B81	Approved	[140]
Troglitazone	DM3VFPD	Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[141]
Pefloxacin	DM49IGF	Gonococcal urethritis	1A70.0Y	Approved	[142]
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Drug(s) Affected By E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS3 (PIAS3)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Tretinoin	DM49DUI	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[101]
Ciclosporin	DMAZJFX	Graft-versus-host disease	4B24	Approved	[143]
Valproate	DMCFE9I	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[144]
Cupric Sulfate	DMP0NFQ	Fungal infection	1F29-1F2F	Approved	[107]
Cisplatin	DMRHGI9	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[145]
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[146]
Vorinostat	DMWMPD4	Adult acute monocytic leukemia		Approved	[147]
Carbamazepine	DMZOLBI	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[148]
Urethane	DM7NSI0	N. A.	N. A.	Phase 4	[149]
Resveratrol	DM3RWXL	Giant cell arteritis	4A44.2	Phase 3	[150]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Download the Complete Interaction Atlas for Visualization in Cytoscape

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (SPT ATPase)	TTQ38E9	AT1A1_HUMAN; AT1A2_HUMAN; AT1A3_HUMAN; AT1B1_HUMAN; AT1B2_HUMAN; AT1B3_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[2]

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Drug Transporter (DTP)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[3]

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Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[4]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)	DEYGVN4	UD11_HUMAN	Substrate	[5]
Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1)	DEYWLRK	ST1A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[6]

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Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Regulation of Drug Effects	[7]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5)	OTILXZYL	BIRC5_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A)	OTQWHCZE	CDN1A_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B)	OTNY5LLZ	CDN1B_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]
Cytochrome c (CYCS)	OTBFALJD	CYC_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]
E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS3 (PIAS3)	OT3TWH9R	PIAS3_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[9]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes	[10]
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN (PTEN)	OTOWDUNT	PTEN_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[9]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 (CHEK1)	OTTTI622	CHK1_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 (CHEK2)	OT8ZPCNS	CHK2_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]

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References

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5	Use of a human liver microsome bank in drug glucuronidation studies. Toxicol In Vitro. 1991;5(5-6):559-62.
6	Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase and a specific UDP-glucuronosyltransferase are involved in the metabolism of digitoxin in man. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1992 Aug;346(2):226-33.
7	Heterogeneous transport of digitalis-like compounds by P-glycoprotein in vesicular and cellular assays. Toxicol In Vitro. 2016 Apr;32:138-45. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.12.009. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
8	Digitoxin and a synthetic monosaccharide analog inhibit cell viability in lung cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Jan 1;258(1):51-60. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.10.007. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
9	Digitoxin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and migration by reducing HIF-1 and STAT3 in KRAS mutant human colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Jan 5;351:109729. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109729. Epub 2021 Oct 28.
10	Digitoxin mimics gene therapy with CFTR and suppresses hypersecretion of IL-8 from cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 18;101(20):7693-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402030101. Epub 2004 May 10.
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13	Rostafuroxin: an ouabain antagonist that corrects renal and vascular Na+-K+- ATPase alterations in ouabain and adducin-dependent hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006 Mar;290(3):R529-35.
14	First-in-human study of pbi-05204, an oleander-derived inhibitor of akt, fgf-2, nf- beta and p70s6k, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs. 2014 Dec;32(6):1204-12.
15	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03646071) A Study of RX108 in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
16	Novel analogues of istaroxime, a potent inhibitor of Na+,K+-ATPase: synthesis and structure-activity relationship. J Med Chem. 2008 Aug 14;51(15):4601-8.
17	WO patent application no. 1995,0085,58, Novel deoxy and oxygen-substituted sugar-containing 14-aminosteroid compounds.
18	Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
19	MDR1 (ABCB1) G1199A (Ser400Asn) polymorphism alters transepithelial permeability and sensitivity to anticancer agents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Jun;64(1):183-8.
20	Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
21	Folate transporter expression decreases in the human placenta throughout pregnancy and in pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2012 Apr;2(2):123-31.
22	Comparative studies on in vitro methods for evaluating in vivo function of MDR1 P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 2001 Dec;18(12):1660-8.
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