General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCDTT5R)

Drug Combination Name
Bleomycin Digitoxin
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Adult acute myeloid leukemia Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Bleomycin   DMNER5S Digitoxin   DMWVIGP
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: HL-60(TB)
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 2.63
Bliss Independence Score: 2.89
Loewe Additivity Score: 0.24
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 4.51

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Bleomycin
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Cervical cancer 2C77.0 Approved [2]
Head and neck cancer 2D42 Approved [2]
Hodgkin lymphoma 2B30 Approved [3]
Penile cancer N.A. Approved [2]
Testicular germ cell tumor N.A. Approved [2]
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma N.A. Investigative [2]
Follicular lymphoma 2A80 Investigative [2]
Bleomycin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA) TTUTN1I NOUNIPROTAC Breaker [9]
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Bleomycin Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH) DECH1VP BLMH_HUMAN Metabolism [10]
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Bleomycin Interacts with 41 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH) OT2QPWQJ BLMH_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [11]
Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) OT39TA1L SODC_HUMAN Increases Expression [12]
Catalase (CAT) OTHEBX9R CATA_HUMAN Increases Expression [12]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2) OTIWXGZ9 SODM_HUMAN Increases Expression [12]
Interstitial collagenase (MMP1) OTI4I2V1 MMP1_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF2) OT1M7D28 CSF2_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) OTS7T5VH IL8_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2) OTEJCYMY CXCL2_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) OTJV8O04 MUC5A_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) OTLU00JS HBEGF_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Transmembrane protein 250 (TMEM250) OTLJ4G5G TM250_HUMAN Increases Expression [5]
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) OTWA9KFU SOCS1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [14]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 (CHEK2) OT8ZPCNS CHK2_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [15]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1) OTV5XHVH TGFB1_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) OT4IE164 TNFA_HUMAN Increases Expression [16]
Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) OT0DWXXB IL1B_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Fibronectin (FN1) OTB5ZN4Q FINC_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Interleukin-6 (IL6) OTUOSCCU IL6_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Histone H2AX (H2AX) OT18UX57 H2AX_HUMAN Increases Expression [18]
Cathepsin S (CTSS) OT3PXIPM CATS_HUMAN Increases Expression [19]
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3B) OTL3L14B GSK3B_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [20]
Max-interacting protein 1 (MXI1) OTUQ9E0D MXI1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Actin, aortic smooth muscle (ACTA2) OTEDLG8E ACTA_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Unconventional myosin-Ie (MYO1E) OTM9YSIZ MYO1E_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TRIM28) OTE38OBF TIF1B_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [15]
Serine-protein kinase ATM (ATM) OTQVOHLT ATM_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [15]
Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A (SMC1A) OT9ZMRK9 SMC1A_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [15]
7SK snRNA methylphosphate capping enzyme (MEPCE) OTRBQEYP MEPCE_HUMAN Increases Expression [5]
Transmembrane protein 87A (TMEM87A) OT8ATDVX TM87A_HUMAN Increases Expression [5]
Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 4B (TENT4B) OTUF6FWW PAPD5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Lipase member H (LIPH) OTRGYLKL LIPH_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Abasic site processing protein HMCES (HMCES) OTVRDL6U HMCES_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Small integral membrane protein 14 (SMIM14) OT47IF19 SIM14_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Kelch-like protein 42 (KLHL42) OTK6WARI KLH42_HUMAN Increases Expression [5]
Inactive cell surface hyaluronidase CEMIP2 (CEMIP2) OT9I1XUO CEIP2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1 (ERRFI1) OT7VZ2IZ ERRFI_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain protein 3 (TMCC3) OTAIQ6V6 TMCC3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3GAL5) OT27CCUF SIAT9_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2) OTFXFREP BIRC2_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [21]
DNA cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) OTM2DGTK DNMT1_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [22]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 41 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Digitoxin
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Arrhythmia BC9Z Approved [4]
Congestive cardiac insufficiency BD1Z Approved [4]
Heart failure BD10-BD13 Approved [4]
Digitoxin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (SPT ATPase) TTQ38E9 AT1A1_HUMAN; AT1A2_HUMAN; AT1A3_HUMAN; AT1B1_HUMAN; AT1B2_HUMAN; AT1B3_HUMAN Inhibitor [23]
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Digitoxin Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [24]
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Digitoxin Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [25]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Metabolism [26]
Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) DEYWLRK ST1A1_HUMAN Metabolism [27]
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Digitoxin Interacts with 22 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Transport [28]
Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) OTLDT7NR NOS3_HUMAN Increases Activity [29]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 (CHEK1) OTTTI622 CHK1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [30]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5) OTILXZYL BIRC5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [30]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 (CHEK2) OT8ZPCNS CHK2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [30]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Decreases Expression [30]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) OTW1SC2N CDK1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [30]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) OTS7T5VH IL8_HUMAN Decreases Secretion [31]
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 (CCNB1) OT19S7E5 CCNB1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [30]
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (RPS6KB1) OTAELNGX KS6B1_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [32]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1) OT8HPTKJ CCND1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA) OTFT924M IKBA_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [31]
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6) OT33XNZM PTN6_HUMAN Increases Expression [32]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A) OTQWHCZE CDN1A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [30]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [30]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) OTNY5LLZ CDN1B_HUMAN Decreases Expression [30]
Caspase-9 (CASP9) OTD4RFFG CASP9_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [30]
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN (PTEN) OTOWDUNT PTEN_HUMAN Increases Expression [32]
Cytochrome c (CYCS) OTBFALJD CYC_HUMAN Increases Expression [30]
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1) OTHBQVD5 4EBP1_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [32]
Caspase-8 (CASP8) OTA8TVI8 CASP8_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [30]
E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS3 (PIAS3) OT3TWH9R PIAS3_HUMAN Increases Expression [32]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 22 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication DrugCom ID Cell Line Status REF
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma DCENO7E SR Investigative [1]
Astrocytoma DC6805C SNB-19 Investigative [1]
Childhood T acute lymphoblastic leukemia DC43BFF CCRF-CEM Investigative [1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma DCCPUPT A498 Investigative [1]
Glioma DC2ESS0 SF-539 Investigative [1]
Amelanotic melanoma DCON03K MDA-MB-435 Investigative [33]
Pleural epithelioid mesothelioma DCP30WW NCI-H226 Investigative [33]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 7 DrugCom(s)

References

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2 Bleomycin FDA Label
3 Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77.
4 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6782).
5 Development and validation of the TGx-HDACi transcriptomic biomarker to detect histone deacetylase inhibitors in human TK6 cells. Arch Toxicol. 2021 May;95(5):1631-1645. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03014-2. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
6 Pulmonary fibrosis model using micro-CT analyzable human PSC-derived alveolar organoids containing alveolar macrophage-like cells. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2022 Aug;38(4):557-575. doi: 10.1007/s10565-022-09698-1. Epub 2022 Mar 10.
7 An antisense oligonucleotide targeted to human Ku86 messenger RNA sensitizes M059K malignant glioma cells to ionizing radiation, bleomycin, and etoposide but not DNA cross-linking agents. Cancer Res. 2002 Oct 15;62(20):5888-96.
8 XRCC1 deficiency sensitizes human lung epithelial cells to genotoxicity by crocidolite asbestos and Libby amphibole. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Dec;118(12):1707-13. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002312. Epub 2010 Aug 11.
9 Bleomycin and talisomycin sequence-specific strand scission of DNA: a mechanism of double-strand cleavage. Cancer Res. 1982 Jul;42(7):2779-85.
10 The C-terminus of human bleomycin hydrolase is required for protection against bleomycin-induced chromosomal damage. Mutat Res. 1998 Oct 12;421(1):1-7.
11 Genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes: role in mutagen sensitivity. Carcinogenesis. 2002 Jun;23(6):1003-8. doi: 10.1093/carcin/23.6.1003.
12 Age-dependent basal level and induction capacity of copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase and other scavenging enzyme activities in leukocytes from young and elderly adults. Am J Pathol. 1993 Jul;143(1):312-20.
13 Agents associated with lung inflammation induce similar responses in NCI-H292 lung epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Oct;22(7):1782-8.
14 Characterization of DNA reactive and non-DNA reactive anticancer drugs by gene expression profiling. Mutat Res. 2007 Jun 1;619(1-2):16-29. doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.12.007. Epub 2007 Feb 8.
15 Direct activation of ATM by resveratrol under oxidizing conditions. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 16;9(6):e97969. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097969. eCollection 2014.
16 Enhanced IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha release and messenger RNA expression in macrophages from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or after asbestos exposure. J Immunol. 1993 May 1;150(9):4188-96.
17 Synergistic anticancer activity of dietary tea polyphenols and bleomycin hydrochloride in human cervical cancer cell: Caspase-dependent and independent apoptotic pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2016 Mar 5;247:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.012. Epub 2016 Jan 29.
18 Distinct mechanisms of cell-kill by triapine and its terminally dimethylated derivative Dp44mT due to a loss or gain of activity of their copper(II) complexes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014 Oct 1;91(3):312-22. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.006. Epub 2014 Aug 15.
19 Radiation-induced cathepsin S is involved in radioresistance. Int J Cancer. 2009 Apr 15;124(8):1794-801. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24095.
20 Bleomycin-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation in human bronchial epithelial cells involves the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. Toxicol Lett. 2009 Jun 22;187(3):194-200. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.02.023. Epub 2009 Mar 13.
21 Expression and prognostic significance of IAP-family genes in human cancers and myeloid leukemias. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 May;6(5):1796-803.
22 DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine induces reversible genome-wide DNA damage that is distinctly influenced by DNA methyltransferases 1 and 3B. Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Jan;28(2):752-71. doi: 10.1128/MCB.01799-07. Epub 2007 Nov 8.
23 Treatment of congestive heart failure--current status of use of digitoxin. Eur J Clin Invest. 2001;31 Suppl 2:10-7.
24 The association of ABCB1 polymorphisms and elevated serum digitoxin concentrations in geriatric patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Apr;64(4):367-72.
25 Species differences in the toxicity and cytochrome P450 IIIA-dependent metabolism of digitoxin. Mol Pharmacol. 1991 Nov;40(5):859-67.
26 Use of a human liver microsome bank in drug glucuronidation studies. Toxicol In Vitro. 1991;5(5-6):559-62.
27 Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase and a specific UDP-glucuronosyltransferase are involved in the metabolism of digitoxin in man. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1992 Aug;346(2):226-33.
28 Heterogeneous transport of digitalis-like compounds by P-glycoprotein in vesicular and cellular assays. Toxicol In Vitro. 2016 Apr;32:138-45. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.12.009. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
29 Digitoxin elicits anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective properties in endothelial cells: Therapeutic implications for the treatment of atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis. 2009 Oct;206(2):390-6.
30 Digitoxin and a synthetic monosaccharide analog inhibit cell viability in lung cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Jan 1;258(1):51-60. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.10.007. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
31 Digitoxin mimics gene therapy with CFTR and suppresses hypersecretion of IL-8 from cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 18;101(20):7693-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402030101. Epub 2004 May 10.
32 Digitoxin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and migration by reducing HIF-1 and STAT3 in KRAS mutant human colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Jan 5;351:109729. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109729. Epub 2021 Oct 28.
33 Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.