Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCKEXHT)

• Drug Combination Name: Bleomycin + Valrubicin
• Indication: Adenocarcinoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Bleomycin (DMNER5S): Small molecular drug
  Valrubicin (DMOYJFK): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: SW-620
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.08
  Bliss Independence Score: 2.31
  Loewe Additivity Score: 4.93
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 5.62

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Bleomycin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Cervical cancer	2C77.0	Approved	[2]
Head and neck cancer	2D42	Approved	[2]
Hodgkin lymphoma	2B30	Approved	[3]
Penile cancer	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Testicular germ cell tumor	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma	N.A.	Investigative	[2]
Follicular lymphoma	2A80	Investigative	[2]

Bleomycin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA)	TTUTN1I	NOUNIPROTAC	Breaker	[10]

Bleomycin Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH)	DECH1VP	BLMH_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]

Bleomycin Interacts with 41 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH)	OT2QPWQJ	BLMH_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[12]
Superoxide dismutase (SOD1)	OT39TA1L	SODC_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Catalase (CAT)	OTHEBX9R	CATA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2)	OTIWXGZ9	SODM_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Interstitial collagenase (MMP1)	OTI4I2V1	MMP1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF2)	OT1M7D28	CSF2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2)	OTEJCYMY	CXCL2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC)	OTJV8O04	MUC5A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF)	OTLU00JS	HBEGF_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Transmembrane protein 250 (TMEM250)	OTLJ4G5G	TM250_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1)	OTWA9KFU	SOCS1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[15]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 (CHEK2)	OT8ZPCNS	CHK2_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[16]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1)	OTV5XHVH	TGFB1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	OT4IE164	TNFA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B)	OT0DWXXB	IL1B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Fibronectin (FN1)	OTB5ZN4Q	FINC_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Interleukin-6 (IL6)	OTUOSCCU	IL6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Histone H2AX (H2AX)	OT18UX57	H2AX_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]
Cathepsin S (CTSS)	OT3PXIPM	CATS_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3B)	OTL3L14B	GSK3B_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[21]
Max-interacting protein 1 (MXI1)	OTUQ9E0D	MXI1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Actin, aortic smooth muscle (ACTA2)	OTEDLG8E	ACTA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Unconventional myosin-Ie (MYO1E)	OTM9YSIZ	MYO1E_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TRIM28)	OTE38OBF	TIF1B_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[16]
Serine-protein kinase ATM (ATM)	OTQVOHLT	ATM_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[16]
Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A (SMC1A)	OT9ZMRK9	SMC1A_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[16]
7SK snRNA methylphosphate capping enzyme (MEPCE)	OTRBQEYP	MEPCE_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Transmembrane protein 87A (TMEM87A)	OT8ATDVX	TM87A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 4B (TENT4B)	OTUF6FWW	PAPD5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Lipase member H (LIPH)	OTRGYLKL	LIPH_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Abasic site processing protein HMCES (HMCES)	OTVRDL6U	HMCES_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Small integral membrane protein 14 (SMIM14)	OT47IF19	SIM14_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Kelch-like protein 42 (KLHL42)	OTK6WARI	KLH42_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Inactive cell surface hyaluronidase CEMIP2 (CEMIP2)	OT9I1XUO	CEIP2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1 (ERRFI1)	OT7VZ2IZ	ERRFI_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain protein 3 (TMCC3)	OTAIQ6V6	TMCC3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3GAL5)	OT27CCUF	SIAT9_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2)	OTFXFREP	BIRC2_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[22]
DNA cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)	OTM2DGTK	DNMT1_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[23]

Indication(s) of Valrubicin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Bladder cancer	2C94	Approved	[3]
In situ carcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Urinary bladder cancer	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Psoriasis vulgaris	EA90	Phase 2	[5]

Valrubicin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2)	TT0IHXV	TOP2A_HUMAN; TOP2B_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[24]

Valrubicin Interacts with 1 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[25]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Astrocytoma	DCMQPMV	U251	Investigative	[26]
Childhood T acute lymphoblastic leukemia	DCP50KX	CCRF-CEM	Investigative	[26]
Chronic myelogenous leukemia	DCQIE00	K-562	Investigative	[26]
Glioma	DCFYP01	SF-295	Investigative	[26]
Renal cell carcinoma	DCK5S1W	UO-31	Investigative	[26]
Colon adenocarcinoma	DC72XKQ	COLO 205	Investigative	[27]
Adenocarcinoma	DCFZFSK	NCIH23	Investigative	[1]
Cutaneous melanoma	DCALUK5	SK-MEL-28	Investigative	[1]
Cutaneous melanoma	DCE872L	SK-MEL-5	Investigative	[1]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	DC3LASI	OVCAR-5	Investigative	[1]
Malignant melanoma	DC8296C	UACC62	Investigative	[1]
Melanoma	DCBOV7A	UACC-257	Investigative	[1]
Melanoma	DCR7ZOX	MALME-3M	Investigative	[1]
Melanoma	DCX23MP	SK-MEL-2	Investigative	[1]

References

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• [2] Bleomycin FDA Label
• [3] Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77.
• [4] Valrubicin FDA Label
• [5] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [6] Development and validation of the TGx-HDACi transcriptomic biomarker to detect histone deacetylase inhibitors in human TK6 cells. Arch Toxicol. 2021 May;95(5):1631-1645. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03014-2. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
• [7] Pulmonary fibrosis model using micro-CT analyzable human PSC-derived alveolar organoids containing alveolar macrophage-like cells. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2022 Aug;38(4):557-575. doi: 10.1007/s10565-022-09698-1. Epub 2022 Mar 10.
• [8] An antisense oligonucleotide targeted to human Ku86 messenger RNA sensitizes M059K malignant glioma cells to ionizing radiation, bleomycin, and etoposide but not DNA cross-linking agents. Cancer Res. 2002 Oct 15;62(20):5888-96.
• [9] XRCC1 deficiency sensitizes human lung epithelial cells to genotoxicity by crocidolite asbestos and Libby amphibole. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Dec;118(12):1707-13. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002312. Epub 2010 Aug 11.
• [10] Bleomycin and talisomycin sequence-specific strand scission of DNA: a mechanism of double-strand cleavage. Cancer Res. 1982 Jul;42(7):2779-85.
• [11] The C-terminus of human bleomycin hydrolase is required for protection against bleomycin-induced chromosomal damage. Mutat Res. 1998 Oct 12;421(1):1-7.
• [12] Genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes: role in mutagen sensitivity. Carcinogenesis. 2002 Jun;23(6):1003-8. doi: 10.1093/carcin/23.6.1003.
• [13] Age-dependent basal level and induction capacity of copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase and other scavenging enzyme activities in leukocytes from young and elderly adults. Am J Pathol. 1993 Jul;143(1):312-20.
• [14] Agents associated with lung inflammation induce similar responses in NCI-H292 lung epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Oct;22(7):1782-8.
• [15] Characterization of DNA reactive and non-DNA reactive anticancer drugs by gene expression profiling. Mutat Res. 2007 Jun 1;619(1-2):16-29. doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.12.007. Epub 2007 Feb 8.
• [16] Direct activation of ATM by resveratrol under oxidizing conditions. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 16;9(6):e97969. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097969. eCollection 2014.
• [17] Enhanced IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha release and messenger RNA expression in macrophages from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or after asbestos exposure. J Immunol. 1993 May 1;150(9):4188-96.
• [18] Synergistic anticancer activity of dietary tea polyphenols and bleomycin hydrochloride in human cervical cancer cell: Caspase-dependent and independent apoptotic pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2016 Mar 5;247:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.012. Epub 2016 Jan 29.
• [19] Distinct mechanisms of cell-kill by triapine and its terminally dimethylated derivative Dp44mT due to a loss or gain of activity of their copper(II) complexes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014 Oct 1;91(3):312-22. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.006. Epub 2014 Aug 15.
• [20] Radiation-induced cathepsin S is involved in radioresistance. Int J Cancer. 2009 Apr 15;124(8):1794-801. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24095.
• [21] Bleomycin-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation in human bronchial epithelial cells involves the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. Toxicol Lett. 2009 Jun 22;187(3):194-200. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.02.023. Epub 2009 Mar 13.
• [22] Expression and prognostic significance of IAP-family genes in human cancers and myeloid leukemias. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 May;6(5):1796-803.
• [23] DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine induces reversible genome-wide DNA damage that is distinctly influenced by DNA methyltransferases 1 and 3B. Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Jan;28(2):752-71. doi: 10.1128/MCB.01799-07. Epub 2007 Nov 8.
• [24] Metabolic activation of N-acylanthracyclines precedes their interaction with DNA topoisomerase II. NCI Monogr. 1987;(4):111-5.
• [25] A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Nov;136(1):216-41.
• [26] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [27] Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.