Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Interaction Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DMQ82T5)

• Drug Name: NS-220 Drug Info
• Synonyms: R-1593; Cis-2-Methyl-5-[4-[5-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)oxazol-4-yl]butyl]-1,3-dioxane-2-carboxylic acid

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Hyperlipidaemia	5C80	Discontinued in Phase 2	[1]

• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 9947731
  TTD Drug ID: DMQ82T5

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Drug(s) Targeting Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Lobeglitazone	DMHY3IP	Type-2 diabetes	5A11	Approved	[4]
Fenofibrate	DMFKXDY	Coronary atherosclerosis		Approved	[5]
Bezafibrate	DMZDCS0	Hypercholesterolaemia	5C80.0	Approved	[6]
Ciprofibrate	DMGC5DB	Hyperlipoproteinemia	5C80	Approved	[5]
Pemafibrate	DMD1VZL	Hyperlipidemia	5C80.Z	Approved	[7]
MURAGLITAZAR	DMG3NFZ	N. A.	N. A.	Phase 3	[8]
Ragaglitazar	DMFSHEM	Type-1 diabetes	5A10	Phase 3	[9]
CS-038	DM67P0F	Type-2 diabetes	5A11	Phase 3	[10]
TESAGLITAZAR	DMGRBN5	Type-1 diabetes	5A10	Phase 3	[11]
GFT-505	DM7ZOAE	Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis	DB92.1	Phase 3	[12]

Drug(s) Affected By Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Dravet syndrome	8A61.11	Approved	[13]
Hydrogen peroxide	DM1NG5W	Infectious disease	1A00-CA43.1	Approved	[14]
Quercetin	DM3NC4M	Obesity	5B81	Approved	[15]
Troglitazone	DM3VFPD	Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[16]
Tretinoin	DM49DUI	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[17]
Glucosamine	DM4ZLFD	Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA05	Approved	[18]
Isoniazid	DM5JVS3	Latent tuberculosis infection		Approved	[19]
Arsenic trioxide	DM61TA4	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[20]
Aspirin	DM672AH	Acute coronary syndrome	BA41	Approved	[21]
Stavudine	DM6DEK9	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[22]

Drug(s) Affected By Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Dravet syndrome	8A61.11	Approved	[23]
Sulindac	DM2QHZU	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[24]
Methotrexate	DM2TEOL	Anterior urethra cancer		Approved	[25]
Tretinoin	DM49DUI	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[26]
Aspirin	DM672AH	Acute coronary syndrome	BA41	Approved	[27]
Hydroquinone	DM6AVR4	Melasma	ED60.1	Approved	[28]
Marinol	DM70IK5	Anorexia nervosa cachexia	6B80	Approved	[29]
Calcitriol	DM8ZVJ7	Congenital alopecia	LC30	Approved	[30]
Ciclosporin	DMAZJFX	Graft-versus-host disease	4B24	Approved	[31]
Valproate	DMCFE9I	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[32]

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA)	TTJ584C	PPARA_HUMAN	Agonist	[2]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD)	OTI4WTOP	PPARD_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[3]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)	OTHMARHO	PPARG_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[3]

References

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• [2] Modulation of PPAR receptor subtype selectivity of the ligands: aliphatic chain vs aromatic ring as a spacer between pharmacophore and the lipophilic moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Dec 15;18(24):6471-5.
• [3] A novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist, 2-methyl-c-5-[4-[5-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxazolyl]butyl]-1,3-dioxane-r-2-carboxylic acid (NS-220), potently decreases plasma triglyceride and glucose levels and modifies lipoprotein profiles in KK-Ay mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Jun;309(3):970-7. doi: 10.1124/jpet.103.064659. Epub 2004 Feb 24.
• [4] Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of lobeglitazone, a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, after a single oral administration in healthy female subjects. Clin Drug Investig. 2014 Jul;34(7):467-74.
• [5] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activators improve insulin sensitivity and reduce adiposity. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 2;275(22):16638-42.
• [6] Bezafibrate at clinically relevant doses decreases serum/liver triglycerides via down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c in... Mol Pharmacol. 2009 Apr;75(4):782-92.
• [7] Pemafibrate: First Global Approval. Drugs. 2017 Oct;77(16):1805-1810.
• [8] Muraglitazar, a dual (alpha/gamma) PPAR activator: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week monotherapy trial in adult patients with... Clin Ther. 2005 Aug;27(8):1181-95.
• [9] Ragaglitazar: the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of a novel dual PPAR alpha and gamma agonist in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Nov;43(11):1244-56.
• [10] Determination of chiglitazar, a dual alpha/gamma peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, in human plasma by liquid chromatograph... Pharmazie. 2007 Nov;62(11):825-9.
• [11] Tesaglitazar, a dual PPAR-/ agonist, hamster carcinogenicity, investigative animal and clinical studies.Toxicol Pathol.2012;40(1):18-32.
• [12] Dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor / agonist GFT505 improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in abdominally obese subjects.Diabetes Care.2013 Oct;36(10):2923-30.
• [13] COX-2 and PPAR-gama confer cannabidiol-induced apoptosis of human lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2013 Jan;12(1):69-82.
• [14] Protective effects of myricitrin against osteoporosis via reducing reactive oxygen species and bone-resorbing cytokines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014 Nov 1;280(3):550-60.
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• [16] Induction of solid tumor differentiation by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand troglitazone in patients with liposarcoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 30;96(7):3951-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.7.3951.
• [17] Development of a neural teratogenicity test based on human embryonic stem cells: response to retinoic acid exposure. Toxicol Sci. 2011 Dec;124(2):370-7.
• [18] Glucosamine sulfate reduces prostaglandin E(2) production in osteoarthritic chondrocytes through inhibition of microsomal PGE synthase-1. J Rheumatol. 2012 Mar;39(3):635-44. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.110621. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
• [19] Isoniazid suppresses antioxidant response element activities and impairs adipogenesis in mouse and human preadipocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Dec 15;273(3):435-41. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.10.005. Epub 2013 Oct 12.
• [20] Regulatory role of KEAP1 and NRF2 in PPAR expression and chemoresistance in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2012 Aug 15;53(4):758-68. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.041. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
• [21] Aspirin inhibits MMP-9 mRNA expression and release via the PPARalpha/gamma and COX-2/mPGES-1-mediated pathways in macrophages derived from THP-1 cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2010 Feb;64(2):118-23. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2009.04.033. Epub 2009 Oct 17.
• [22] Mitochondrial proliferation, DNA depletion and adipocyte differentiation in subcutaneous adipose tissue of HIV-positive HAART recipients. Antivir Ther. 2003 Aug;8(4):323-31.
• [23] Cannabidiol induces antioxidant pathways in keratinocytes by targeting BACH1. Redox Biol. 2020 Jan;28:101321. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101321. Epub 2019 Sep 5.
• [24] Functional characterization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-/ expression in colon cancer. Mol Carcinog. 2011 Nov;50(11):884-900. doi: 10.1002/mc.20757. Epub 2011 Mar 11.
• [25] The contribution of methotrexate exposure and host factors on transcriptional variance in human liver. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Jun;97(2):582-94.
• [26] Phenotypic characterization of retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by transcriptional profiling. PLoS One. 2013 May 28;8(5):e63862.
• [27] Aspirin-induced apoptosis in jurkat cells is not mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta. Mol Cell Biochem. 2004 Nov;266(1-2):57-63. doi: 10.1023/b:mcbi.0000049138.67699.7b.
• [28] Keratinocyte-derived IL-36gama plays a role in hydroquinone-induced chemical leukoderma through inhibition of melanogenesis in human epidermal melanocytes. Arch Toxicol. 2019 Aug;93(8):2307-2320.
• [29] (9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol upregulates fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) via PPAR induction: A possible evidence for the cancellation of PPAR/-mediated inhibition of PPAR in MDA-MB-231?cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2019 Feb 15;662:219-225. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.011. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
• [30] Cross-talk between vitamin D receptor (VDR)- and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-signaling in melanoma cells. Anticancer Res. 2009 Sep;29(9):3647-58.
• [31] Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
• [32] Integrated 'omics analysis reveals new drug-induced mitochondrial perturbations in human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Jun 1;289:1-13.