Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMFKXDY)

Drug Name
Fenofibrate
Synonyms
Ankebin; Antara; Controlip; Durafenat; Elasterate; Elasterin; FNF; Fenobeta; Fenobrate; Fenofanton; Fenofibrato; Fenofibratum; Fenogal; Fenoglide; Fenomax; Fenotard; Finofibrate; Fulcro; Lipanthyl; Lipantil; Liparison; Lipidex; Lipidil; Lipifen; Lipirex; Lipoclar; Lipofen; Lipofene; Liposit; Lipsin; Lofibra; Luxacor; Nolipax; Pharmavit; Phenofibrate; Procetofen; Procetofene; Proctofene; Protolipan; Secalip; Sedufen; Supralip; Tricor; Triglide; AbZ Brand of Procetofen; Abbott Brand of Procetofen; Aliud Brand of Procetofen; Antara Micronized Procetofen; Anto Brand of Procetofen; Apo Feno Micro; Apo Fenofibrate; Apotex Brand of Procetofen; Azupharma Brand of Procetofen; Betapharm Brand of Procetofen; Bouchara Brand of Procetofen; Ct Arzneimittel Brand of Procetofen; Fenofibrat AL; Fenofibrat AZU; Fenofibrat AbZ; Fenofibrat FPh; Fenofibrat Heumann; Fenofibrat Hexal; Fenofibrat Stada; Fenofibrat ratiopharm; Fenofibrat von ct; Fenofibrate Debat; Fenofibrate MSD; Fournier Brand of Procetofen; GNR Pharma Brand of Procetofen; Gate Brand of Procetofen; Gen Fenofibrate; Genpharm Brand of Procetofen; Heumann Brand of Procetofen; Hexal Brand of Procetofen; Knoll Brand of Procetofen; Lichtenstein Brand of Procetofen; Lipidil Micro; Lipidil Supra; Lipidil Ter; MTW Brand of Procetofen; MTW Fenofibrat; Merck dura Brand of Procetofen; Novartis Brand of Procetofen; Novo Fenofibrate; Novopharm Brand of Procetofen; Nu Fenofibrate; Nu Pharm Brand of Procetofen; PMS Fenofibrate Micro;Pharmascience Brand of Procetofen; Procetofen Reliant Brand; Q Pharm Brand of Procetofen; Ratiopharm Brand of Procetofen; Reliant Brand of Procetofen; Schering Plough Brand of Procetofen; Stadapharm Brand of Procetofen; United Drug Brand of Procetofen; F 6020; LF 178; LF178; AZU, Fenofibrat; Antara (TN); Antara (micronized); Apo-Fenofibrate; CIP-Fenofibrate; Ct-Arzneimittel Brand of Procetofen; Debat, Fenofibrate; FENOFIBRATE (MICRONIZED); Fenofibrat-ratiopharm; Fenofibrate IDD-P; Fenofibrate [INN:BAN]; Fenofibrato [INN-Spanish]; Fenofibratum [INN-Latin]; Fenogal (TN); GNR-Pharma Brand of Procetofen; GRS-027; Gen-Fenofibrate; Heumann, Fenofibrat; Hexal, Fenofibrat; LCP-Feno; LCP-FenoChol; LF-178; Lipanthyl (TN); Lipantil (TN); Lipidil (TN); Lipidil-Ter; Lipofen (TN); Lofibra (TN); MTW-Fenofibrat; Micronized Procetofen, Antara; Novo-Fenofibrate; Nu-Fenofibrate; Nu-Pharm Brand of Procetofen; PMS-Fenofibrate Micro; Procetofen, Antara Micronized; Q-Pharm Brand of Procetofen; Schering-Plough Brand of Procetofen; Stada, Fenofibrat; TRICOR (MICRONIZED); Tricor (TN); Triglide (TN); Trilipix (TN); Apo-Feno-Micro; Fenocor-67 (TN); Fenofibrate (JAN/INN); Isopropyl 2-[4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoate; Isopropyl 2-(4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy)-2-methylpropionate; Isopropyl 2-(p-(p-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy)-2-methylpropionate
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Coronary atherosclerosis N.A. Approved [1]
High cholesterol level 5C80.0 Approved [2]
Hypercholesterolaemia 5C80.0 Approved [1]
Hyperlipidemia 5C80.Z Approved [1]
Hyperlipidemia, familial combined, LPL related N.A. Approved [1]
Hypertriglyceridemia 5C80.1 Approved [1]
Obesity 5B81 Approved [1]
⏷ Show the Full List of Indication(s)
Therapeutic Class
Antilipemic Agents
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 1 Molecular Weight (mw) 360.8
Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp) 5.2
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 4
ADMET Property
Absorption Cmax
The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of drug is 6-9.5 mg/L [3]
Absorption Tmax
The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 4-6 h [3]
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability [4]
Clearance
The apparent oral clearance of drug is 1.1 L/h [5]
Elimination
5-25% of a dose of fenofibrate is eliminated in the feces, while 60-88% is eliminated in the urine [6]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 23 hours [7]
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via the liver carboxylesterase 1 to fenofibric acid [8]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 5.7406 micromolar/kg/day [9]
Vd
The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 60 L [3]
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.0008 mg/mL [4]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C20H21ClO4
IUPAC Name
propan-2-yl 2-[4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoate
Canonical SMILES
CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)(C)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl
InChI
InChI=1S/C20H21ClO4/c1-13(2)24-19(23)20(3,4)25-17-11-7-15(8-12-17)18(22)14-5-9-16(21)10-6-14/h5-13H,1-4H3
InChIKey
YMTINGFKWWXKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
3339
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:5001
CAS Number
49562-28-9
DrugBank ID
DB01039
TTD ID
D07XGR
VARIDT ID
DR00415
INTEDE ID
DR0688
ACDINA ID
D00268
Combinatorial Drugs (CBD) Click to Jump to the Detailed CBD Information of This Drug
Repurposed Drugs (RPD) Click to Jump to the Detailed RPD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) TTJ584C PPARA_HUMAN Agonist [10]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Substrate [11]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) DE85D2P UD19_HUMAN Substrate [12]
Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1)
Main DME 		DEB30C5 EST1_HUMAN Substrate []

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme (GBE1) OTK2N05B GLGB_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [13]
11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11B1) OTO7FJA9 DHI1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [14]
2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase-like protein (OASL) OTZ05YRP OASL_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [14]
2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial (GCAT) OT6WZPWV KBL_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [14]
3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial (ACAA2) OTGLVWOP THIM_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [14]
3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal (ACAA1) OTVKRET0 THIK_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [15]
4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase, mitochondrial (HOGA1) OT7XETW4 HOGA1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [14]
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 (PRKAA1) OT7TNF0L AAPK1_HUMAN Drug Response [16]
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 (PRKAB1) OT1OG4QZ AAKB1_HUMAN Post-Translational Modifications [16]
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 (PRKAG1) OTW00PRY AAKG1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [16]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease Coronary atherosclerosis
ICD Disease Classification
Molecule Name Molecule Type Gene Name p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) DTT PPARA 1.74E-01 -0.17 -0.3
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DME CYP3A4 2.76E-01 -4.64E-01 -9.16E-01
Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Fenofibrate
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
Mipomersen DMGSRN1 Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fenofibrate and Mipomersen. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [17]
Teriflunomide DMQ2FKJ Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fenofibrate and Teriflunomide. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [18]
BMS-201038 DMQTAGO Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fenofibrate and BMS-201038. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [19]
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Fenofibrate (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Remdesivir DMBFZ6L Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fenofibrate and Remdesivir. 1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019 [1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019] [20]
Insulin-glulisine DMQI0FU Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Fenofibrate and Insulin-glulisine. Acute diabete complication [5A2Y] [21]
Insulin-aspart DMX7V28 Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Fenofibrate and Insulin-aspart. Acute diabete complication [5A2Y] [22]
Glipizide DMZA5PQ Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Fenofibrate and Glipizide. Acute diabete complication [5A2Y] [21]
Bedaquiline DM3906J Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fenofibrate and Bedaquiline. Antimicrobial drug resistance [MG50-MG52] [23]
Cilostazol DMZMSCT Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Cilostazol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Arterial occlusive disease [BD40] [24]
Roflumilast DMPGHY8 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Roflumilast mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Asthma [CA23] [20]
Pexidartinib DMS2J0Z Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fenofibrate and Pexidartinib. Bone/articular cartilage neoplasm [2F7B] [25]
Tucatinib DMBESUA Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Tucatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [26]
Anisindione DM2C48U Major Increased plasma concentration of Fenofibrate and Anisindione due to competitive binding of plasma proteins. Coagulation defect [3B10] [27]
Mestranol DMG3F94 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Mestranol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Contraceptive management [QA21] [20]
Escitalopram DMFK9HG Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Escitalopram mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [20]
Fosphenytoin DMOX3LB Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Fosphenytoin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [20]
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Phenobarbital mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [20]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fenofibrate and Cannabidiol. Epileptic encephalopathy [8A62] [28]
Brentuximab vedotin DMWLC57 Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fenofibrate and Brentuximab vedotin. Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30] [29]
Etravirine DMGV8QU Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Etravirine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [30]
Pirfenidone DM6VZFQ Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Pirfenidone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis [CB03] [28]
Lesinurad DMUR64T Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Lesinurad mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Inborn purine/pyrimidine/nucleotide metabolism error [5C55] [31]
Quazepam DMY4D87 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Quazepam mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [20]
Proguanil DMBL79I Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Proguanil mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [20]
Calaspargase pegol DMQZBXI Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fenofibrate and Calaspargase pegol. Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm [2B33] [32]
Idelalisib DM602WT Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fenofibrate and Idelalisib. Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82] [33]
Flibanserin DM70DTN Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Flibanserin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Mood disorder [6A60-6E23] [20]
Siponimod DM2R86O Major Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Siponimod mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [20]
Fedratinib DM4ZBK6 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Fedratinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [28]
Ibuprofen DM8VCBE Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Ibuprofen mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [20]
Lonafarnib DMGM2Z6 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by Lonafarnib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Premature ageing appearance [LD2B] [34]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fenofibrate and Leflunomide. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [18]
As-1670542 DMV05SW Moderate Decreased metabolism of Fenofibrate caused by As-1670542 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Thrombocytopenia [3B64] [20]
Tolbutamide DM02AWV Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Fenofibrate and Tolbutamide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus [5A11] [21]
Insulin-detemir DMOA4VW Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Fenofibrate and Insulin-detemir. Type-1/2 diabete [5A10-5A11] [21]
Insulin degludec DMPL395 Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Fenofibrate and Insulin degludec. Type-1/2 diabete [5A10-5A11] [21]
⏷ Show the Full List of 33 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Allura red AC dye E00338 33258 Colorant
D&C red no. 28 E00491 6097185 Colorant
Docusate sodium E00563 23673837 Surfactant
FD&C blue no. 1 E00263 19700 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 2 E00446 2723854 Colorant
Isopropyl alcohol E00070 3776 Antimicrobial preservative; Solvent
Mannitol E00103 6251 Diluent; Flavoring agent; Lyophilization aid; Plasticizing agent; Tonicity agent
Quinoline yellow WS E00309 24671 Colorant
Sodium benzoate E00432 517055 Antimicrobial preservative; lubricant
Sodium lauryl sulfate E00464 3423265 Emulsifying agent; Modified-release agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; lubricant
Sodium stearyl fumarate E00545 23665634 lubricant
Sunset yellow FCF E00255 17730 Colorant
Ammonia E00007 222 Alkalizing agent
Beta-D-lactose E00099 6134 Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Brushite E00392 104805 Diluent
Butyl alcohol E00011 263 Flavoring agent; Solvent
Carboxymethylcellulose sodium E00621 Not Available Adsorbent; Binding agent; Disintegrant; Emulsifying agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Carmellose sodium E00625 Not Available Disintegrant
Crospovidone E00626 Not Available Disintegrant
Dextrin E00359 62698 Binding agent; Diluent; Microencapsulating agent; Stiffening agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Eisenoxyd E00585 56841934 Colorant
FD&C red no. 3 E00629 Not Available Colorant
Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow E00539 23320441 Colorant
Ferrosoferric oxide E00231 14789 Colorant
Hydrogenated polyoxyl 40 castor oil E00662 Not Available Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant
Hypromellose E00634 Not Available Coating agent
Lactose monohydrate E00393 104938 Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Magnesium stearate E00208 11177 lubricant
Poloxamer 188 E00645 Not Available Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant
Poloxamer 407 E00646 Not Available Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant
Polyethylene glycol 1000 E00647 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 20000 E00650 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 3350 E00652 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 400 E00653 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 6000 E00655 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polysorbate 80 E00665 Not Available Dispersing agent; Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Plasticizing agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent
Polyvinyl alcohol E00666 Not Available Coating agent; Emulsion stabilizing agent; Film/Membrane-forming agent
Potassium hydroxide E00233 14797 Alkalizing agent
Povidone E00667 Not Available Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Propylene glycol E00040 1030 Antimicrobial preservative; Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Saccharose E00091 5988 Binding agent; Coating agent; Cryoprotectant; Diluent; Flavoring agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Silicon dioxide E00670 Not Available Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Sodium dihydrogenorthophosphate E00559 23672064 Buffering agent; Complexing agent
Sodium laureth-3 sulfate E00564 23674622 Surfactant
Soybean lecithin E00637 Not Available Other agent
Sulfur dioxide E00046 1119 Antioxidant
Talc E00520 16211421 Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
Titanium dioxide E00322 26042 Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
Tocophersolan E00679 Not Available Antioxidant; Binding agent; Emulsifying agent; Ointment base; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent
Triacetin E00080 5541 Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Triethyl citrate E00128 6506 Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Vinylpyrrolidone E00668 Not Available Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Water E00035 962 Solvent
⏷ Show the Full List of 53 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Fenofibrate 134 mg capsule 134 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Fenofibrate 200 mg capsule 200 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Fenofibrate 67 mg capsule 67 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Fenofibrate 130 mg capsule 130 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Fenofibrate 43 mg capsule 43 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Fenofibrate 50 mg tablet 50 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Fenofibrate 90 mg capsule 90 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Fenofibrate 50 mg capsule 50 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Fenofibrate 30 mg capsule 30 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Fenofibrate 150 mg capsule 150 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Fenofibrate 54 mg tablet 54 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Fenofibrate 145 mg tablet 145 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Fenofibrate 48 mg tablet 48 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Fenofibrate 120 mg tablet 120 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Fenofibrate 40 mg tablet 40 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Fenofibrate 160 mg tablet 160 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 Fenofibrate FDA Label
2 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7186).
3 Balfour JA, McTavish D, Heel RC: Fenofibrate. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in dyslipidaemia. Drugs. 1990 Aug;40(2):260-90. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199040020-00007.
4 BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
5 FDA Approved Drug Products: Fenofibrate Oral Tablets
6 Chapman MJ: Pharmacology of fenofibrate. Am J Med. 1987 Nov 27;83(5B):21-5. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90867-9.
7 Clinical pharmacokinetics of fibric acid derivatives (fibrates). Clin Pharmacokinet. 1998 Feb;34(2):155-62. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199834020-00003.
8 Simmons RE, Hjelle JT, Mahoney C, Deftos LJ, Lisker W, Kato P, Rabkin R: Renal metabolism of calcitonin. Am J Physiol. 1988 Apr;254(4 Pt 2):F593-600. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1988.254.4.F593.
9 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
10 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activators improve insulin sensitivity and reduce adiposity. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 2;275(22):16638-42.
11 Clinical pharmacokinetics of fibric acid derivatives (fibrates). Clin Pharmacokinet. 1998 Feb;34(2):155-62.
12 Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201-8.
13 Transcriptomics hit the target: monitoring of ligand-activated and stress response pathways for chemical testing. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Dec 25;30(1 Pt A):7-18.
14 Transcriptomic analysis of untreated and drug-treated differentiated HepaRG cells over a 2-week period. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Dec 25;30(1 Pt A):27-35.
15 Linalool is a PPARalpha ligand that reduces plasma TG levels and rewires the hepatic transcriptome and plasma metabolome. J Lipid Res. 2014 Jun;55(6):1098-110.
16 AMPK-dependent signaling modulates the suppression of invasion and migration by fenofibrate in CAL 27 oral cancer cells through NF-B pathway. Environ Toxicol. 2016 Jul;31(7):866-76. doi: 10.1002/tox.22097. Epub 2014 Dec 24.
17 Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
18 Canadian Pharmacists Association.
19 Product Information. Juxtapid (lomitapide). Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
20 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
21 Abad S, Moachon L, Blanche P, Bavoux F, Sicard D, Salmon-Ceron D "Possible interaction between glicazide, fluconazole and sulfamethoxazole resulting in severe hypoglycaemia." Br J Clin Pharmacol 52 (2001): 456-7. [PMID: 11678792]
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23 Product Information. Sirturo (bedaquiline). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
24 Hedaya MA, El-Afify DR, El-Maghraby GM "The effect of ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin on sildenafil oral bioavailability in human volunteers." Biopharm Drug Dispos 27 (2006): 103-10. [PMID: 16372380]
25 Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
26 Product Information. Tukysa (tucatinib). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
27 Adkins JC, Faulds D "Micronised fenofibrate: a review of its pharmacodynamic properties and clinical efficacy in the management of dyslipidaemia." Drugs 54 (1997): 615-33. [PMID: 9339964]
28 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
29 Product Information. Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
30 Product Information. Intelence (etravirine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
31 Product Information. Zurampic (lesinurad). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
32 Al-Nawakil C, Willems L, Mauprivez C, et.al "Successful treatment of l-asparaginase-induced severe acute hepatotoxicity using mitochondrial cofactors." Leuk Lymphoma 55 (2014): 1670-4. [PMID: 24090500]
33 Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
34 Product Information. Zokinvy (lonafarnib). Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA.