Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMDVP3B)

Drug Name

Pregabalin

Synonyms

Pregabalin CR; Pregabalin (controlled-release, oral); Pregabalin (controlled-release, oral), Pfizer

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Approved	[1], [2]

Drug Type

Small molecular drug

Structure

3D MOL

2D MOL

#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0

Molecular Weight (mw)

159.23

Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp)

-1.6

Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds)

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor)

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc)

ADMET Property

Absorption Tmax: The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 1.5 h [3]
BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 3: high solubility and low permeability [4]
Bioavailability: The bioavailability of drug is over 90% [3]
Clearance: The renal clearance of drug is 67.0-80.9 mL/min [5]
Elimination: 90% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [4]
Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 6.3 hours [5]
MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 53.83 micromolar/kg/day [6]
Vd: The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 0.5 L/kg [5]
Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 33 mg/mL [4]

Chemical Identifiers

Formula: C8H17NO2
IUPAC Name: (3S)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid
Canonical SMILES: CC(C)C[C@@H](CC(=O)O)CN
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H17NO2/c1-6(2)3-7(5-9)4-8(10)11/h6-7H,3-5,9H2,1-2H3,(H,10,11)/t7-/m0/s1
InChIKey: AYXYPKUFHZROOJ-ZETCQYMHSA-N

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 5486971
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:64356
CAS Number: 148553-50-8
DrugBank ID: DB00230
TTD ID: D00WUF
VARIDT ID: DR01255
ACDINA ID: D00553

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Voltage-gated calcium channel alpha-2/delta-1 (CACNA2D1)	TTFK1JQ	CA2D1_HUMAN	Modulator	[2]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Drug Transporter (DTP)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (SLC7A5)	DT48T0N	LAT1_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

ICD Disease Classification

12 Disease of the respiratory system

Disease Class

ICD-11: CA23 Asthma

The Studied Tissue

Lung tissue

The Studied Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ICD-11:CA23]

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Voltage-gated calcium channel alpha-2/delta-1 (CACNA2D1)	DTT	CACNA2D1	9.36E-01	-0.03	-0.13
Voltage-gated calcium channel alpha-2/delta-1 (CACNA2D1)	DTT	CACNA2D1	2.81E-05	-0.15	-0.68
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (SLC7A5)	DTP	LAT1	8.50E-01	1.70E-01	1.79E-01
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (SLC7A5)	DTP	LAT1	2.96E-04	3.30E-01	8.32E-01

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA)

MEA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Pregabalin (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Oliceridine	DM6MDCF	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Oliceridine.	Acute pain [MG31]	[20]
Dihydrocodeine	DMB0FWL	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Dihydrocodeine.	Chronic pain [MG30]	[21]
Morphine	DMRMS0L	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Morphine.	Chronic pain [MG30]	[20]
Levomilnacipran	DMV26S8	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pregabalin when combined with Levomilnacipran.	Chronic pain [MG30]	[22]
Olopatadine	DMKMWQG	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Olopatadine.	Conjunctiva disorder [9A60]	[23]
Remifentanil	DMZTXCH	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Remifentanil.	Corneal disease [9A76-9A78]	[20]
Methadone	DMTW6IU	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Methadone.	Cough [MD12]	[20]
Ethanol	DMDRQZU	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Ethanol.	Cystitis [GC00]	[23]
Sertraline	DM0FB1J	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pregabalin when combined with Sertraline.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[22]
Fluoxetine	DM3PD2C	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pregabalin when combined with Fluoxetine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[22]
Vilazodone	DM4LECQ	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pregabalin when combined with Vilazodone.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[22]
Paroxetine	DM5PVQE	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pregabalin when combined with Paroxetine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[22]
Vortioxetine	DM6F1PU	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pregabalin when combined with Vortioxetine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[22]
Duloxetine	DM9BI7M	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pregabalin when combined with Duloxetine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[22]
Milnacipran	DMBFE74	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pregabalin when combined with Milnacipran.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[22]
Escitalopram	DMFK9HG	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pregabalin when combined with Escitalopram.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[22]
Desvenlafaxine	DMHD4PE	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pregabalin when combined with Desvenlafaxine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[22]
Venlafaxine	DMR6QH0	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pregabalin when combined with Venlafaxine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[22]
Esketamine	DMVU687	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Esketamine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[24]
Brimonidine	DMQLT4N	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Brimonidine.	Glaucoma [9C61]	[25]
Chloroquine	DMSI5CB	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pregabalin when combined with Chloroquine.	Malaria [1F40-1F45]	[24]
Hydroxychloroquine	DMSIVND	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pregabalin when combined with Hydroxychloroquine.	Malaria [1F40-1F45]	[24]
Allopregnanolone	DMNLHAC	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Allopregnanolone.	Mental/behavioural/neurodevelopmental disorder [6E20-6E8Z]	[26]
Lasmiditan	DMXLVDT	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Lasmiditan.	Migraine [8A80]	[27]
Flibanserin	DM70DTN	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Flibanserin.	Mood disorder [6A60-6E23]	[28]
Thalidomide	DM70BU5	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Thalidomide.	Multiple myeloma [2A83]	[29]
Levomethadyl Acetate	DM06HG5	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Levomethadyl Acetate.	Opioid use disorder [6C43]	[21]
Apraclonidine	DMO4PVE	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Apraclonidine.	Optic nerve disorder [9C40]	[25]
Pentazocine	DM1XBHS	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Pentazocine.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[20]
Dextropropoxyphene	DM23HCX	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Dextropropoxyphene.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[21]
Butorphanol	DM5KYPJ	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Butorphanol.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[20]
Oxymorphone	DM65AGJ	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Oxymorphone.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[20]
Levorphanol	DMGS80V	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Levorphanol.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[20]
Hydromorphone	DMHP21E	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Hydromorphone.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[20]
Dezocine	DMJDB0Y	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Dezocine.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[20]
Codeine	DMJX6ZG	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Codeine.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[20]
Nalbuphine	DMOSQGU	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Nalbuphine.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[20]
Buprenorphine	DMPRI8G	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Buprenorphine.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[30]
Hydrocodone	DMQ2JO5	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Hydrocodone.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[20]
Meperidine	DMX4GND	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Meperidine.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[20]
Oxycodone	DMXLKHV	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Oxycodone.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[20]
Fentanyl	DM8WAHT	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Fentanyl.	Sensation disturbance [MB40]	[20]
Sufentanil	DMU7YEL	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Sufentanil.	Sensation disturbance [MB40]	[20]
Tizanidine	DMR2IQ4	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Tizanidine.	Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47]	[31]
Cetirizine	DMOMP9U	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Pregabalin and Cetirizine.	Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08]	[32]
-----------


⏷ Show the Full List of 45 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Sodium lauryl sulfate	E00464	3423265	Emulsifying agent; Modified-release agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; lubricant
Eisenoxyd	E00585	56841934	Colorant
Ferrosoferric oxide	E00231	14789	Colorant
Lactose monohydrate	E00393	104938	Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Potassium hydroxide	E00233	14797	Alkalizing agent
Propylene glycol	E00040	1030	Antimicrobial preservative; Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Silicon dioxide	E00670	Not Available	Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Talc	E00520	16211421	Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
Titanium dioxide	E00322	26042	Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
--------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 9 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Pregabalin 225 mg capsule	225 mg	Oral Capsule	Oral
Pregabalin 300 mg capsule	300 mg	Oral Capsule	Oral
Pregabalin 150 mg capsule	150 mg	Oral Capsule	Oral
Pregabalin 25 mg capsule	25 mg	Oral Capsule	Oral
Pregabalin 50 mg capsule	50 mg	Oral Capsule	Oral
Pregabalin 75 mg capsule	75 mg	Oral Capsule	Oral
Pregabalin 100 mg capsule	100 mg	Oral Capsule	Oral
Pregabalin 200 mg capsule	200 mg	Oral Capsule	Oral

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5484).
2	Pregabalin reduces the release of synaptic vesicles from cultured hippocampal neurons. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Aug;70(2):467-76.
3	Ben-Menachem E: Pregabalin pharmacology and its relevance to clinical practice. Epilepsia. 2004;45 Suppl 6:13-8.
4	BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
5	FDA Label Pregabalin
6	Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
7	Transport of Pregabalin Via L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (SLC7A5) in Human Brain Capillary Endothelial Cell Line. Pharm Res. 2018 Oct 29;35(12):246.
8	Bidirectional transport of amino acids regulates mTOR and autophagy. Cell. 2009 Feb 6;136(3):521-34.
9	Modulation of LAT1 (SLC7A5) transporter activity and stability by membrane cholesterol. Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 8;7:43580.
10	Transport of gabapentin by LAT1 (SLC7A5). Biochem Pharmacol. 2013 Jun 1;85(11):1672-83.
11	Egr-1, the potential target of calcium channel blockers in cardioprotection with ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2009;24(1-2):17-24.
12	Sulfobutyl ether-alkyl ether mixed cyclodextrin derivatives with enhanced inclusion ability. J Pharm Sci. 2009 Dec;98(12):4769-80.
13	Treatment of essential hypertension with calcium channel blockers: what is the place of lercanidipine Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Aug;5(8):981-7.
14	A first drug combination for the treatment of arterial hypertension with a calcium channel antagonist (amlodipine besylate) and an angiotensin receptor blocker (valsartan): Exforge. Rev Med Liege. 2007 Nov;62(11):688-94.
15	Efficacy and safety of mirogabalin (DS-5565) for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active comparator-controlled, adaptive proof-of-concept phase 2 study. Diabetes Care. 2014 Dec;37(12):3253-61.
16	Methodology for rapid measures of glutamate release in rat brain slices using ceramic-based microelectrode arrays: basic characterization and drug pharmacology. Brain Res. 2011 Jul 15;1401:1-9.
17	Scaffold-based design and synthesis of potent N-type calcium channel blockers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Nov 15;19(22):6467-72.
18	Enantioselective synthesis of PD144723: a potent stereospecific anticonvulsant, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 4(6):823-826 (1994).
19	Structure-activity relationships of alpha-amino acid ligands for the alpha2delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Mar 1;16(5):1138-41.
20	Eckhardt K, Ammon S, Hofmann U, Riebe A, Gugeler N, Mikus G "Gabapentin enhances the analgesic effect of morphine in healthy volunteers." Anesth Analg 91 (2000): 185-91. [PMID: 10866910]
21	Eipe N, Penning J "Postoperative respiratory depression associated with pregabalin: a case series and a preoperative decision algorithm." Pain Res Manag 16 (2011): 353-6. [PMID: 22059207]
22	Belcastro V, Costa C, Striano P "Levetiracetam-associated hyponatremia." Seizure 17 (2008): 389-90. [PMID: 18584781]
23	Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology 15 (1986): 31-7. [PMID: 3725002]
24	Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
25	Product Information. Alphagan (brimonidine ophthalmic). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
26	Product Information. Zulresso (brexanolone). Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
27	Product Information. Reyvow (lasmiditan). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
28	Product Information. Addyi (flibanserin). Sprout Pharmaceuticals, Raleigh, NC.
29	Product Information. Thalomid (thalidomide). Celgene Corporation, Warren, NJ.
30	Sekar M, Mimpriss TJ "Buprenorphine, benzodiazepines and prolonged respiratory depression." Anaesthesia 42 (1987): 567-8. [PMID: 3592200]
31	Product Information. Zanaflex (tizanidine). Acorda Therapeutics, Hawthorne, NY.
32	Product Information. Zyrtec (cetirizine). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.