General Information of Drug (ID: DM70BU5)

Drug Name
Thalidomide
Synonyms
Algosediv; Asmadion; Asmaval; Bonbrain; Bonbrrin; Calmore; Calmorex; Contergan; Corronarobetin; Distaval; Distaxal; Distoval; Ectiluran; Enterosediv; Gastrinide; Glupan; Glutanon; Grippex; Hippuzon; Imidene; Isomin; Kedavon; Kevadon; Neaufatin; Neosedyn; Neosydyn; Nerosedyn; Neufatin; Neurodyn; Neurosedin; Neurosedym; Neurosedyn; Nevrodyn; Nibrol; Noctosediv; Noxodyn; Pangul; Pantosediv; Polygripan; Profarmil; Psycholiquid; Psychotablets; Quetimid; Quietoplex; Sandormin; Sedalis; Sedimide; Sedin; Sedisperil; Sedoval; Shinnibrol; Sleepan; Slipro; Softenil; Softenon; Synovir; Talargan; Talidomida; Talidomide; Talimol; Talismol; Talizer; Telagan; Telargan; Telargean; Tensival; Thaled; Thalidomidum; Thalin; Thalinette; Thalomid; Thalomide; Theophilcholine; Valgis; Valgraine; Yodomin; Celgene Brand of Thalidomide; Talidomide [DCIT]; Thalidomide Celgene; Thalidomide Pharmion; Asidon 3; ENMD 0995; IN1061; Thalidomine USP26; Alpha-Phthalimidoglutarimide; E-217; Imida-lab; Imidan (peyta); N-Phthalimidoglutamic acid imide; N-Phthaloylglutamimide; N-Phthalylglutamic acid imide; Poly-Giron; Predni-Sediv; Pro-Bam M; Pro-ban M; Sedalis sedi-lab; Shin-naito S; THALIDOMIDE (AIDS INITIATIVE); Talidomida [INN-Spanish]; Thaled (TN); Thalidomide (soluble form); Thalidomidum [INN-Latin]; Thalomid (TM); Thalomid (TN); Thalomid, Thalidomide; Alpha-N-Phthalylglutaramide; Thalidomide [USAN:INN:BAN]; Alpha-(N-Phthalimido)glutarimide; N-Phthalyl-glutaminsaeure-imid; N-Phthalyl-glutaminsaeure-imid [German]; Thalidomide (+ and-); Thalidomide (JAN/USP/INN); N-(2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidyl)phthalimide; (+)-Thalidomide; (+-)-Thalidomide; (+/-)-THALIDOMIDE; (inverted question mark)-Thalidomide; 2,6-Dioxo-3-phthalimidopiperidine; 3-Phthalimidoglutarimide
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma N.A. Approved [1]
Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [1]
Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 N.A. Approved [1]
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma N.A. Approved [1]
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia 2A90.1 Approved [1]
Leukemia N.A. Approved [1]
MALT lymphoma N.A. Approved [1]
Multiple myeloma 2A83 Approved [2]
Nodal marginal zone lymphoma 2A85.0 Approved [1]
Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [1]
Plasma cell myeloma 2A83.1 Approved [1]
Primary cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified N.A. Approved [1]
Prolymphocytic leukaemia 2A82.1 Approved [1]
Recurrent adult burkitt lymphoma 2A85.6 Approved [1]
Small intestine lymphoma N.A. Approved [1]
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma N.A. Approved [1]
Testicular lymphoma N.A. Approved [1]
Urinary bladder neoplasm N.A. Approved [1]
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia 2A85.4 Approved [1]
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) 1D6Y Phase 2 [3]
Colon cancer 2B90.Z Investigative [1]
⏷ Show the Full List of Indication(s)
Therapeutic Class
Immunosuppressive Agents
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 258.23
Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp) 0.3
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 4
ADMET Property
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability [4]
Clearance
The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 3.4 mL/min/kg [5]
Elimination
0.5% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [4]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 4.7 hours [5]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 22.12781 micromolar/kg/day [6]
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.4% [5]
Vd
Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 0.95 L/kg [5]
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.0525 mg/mL [4]
Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)
ADR Term Variation Related DOT DOT ID REF
Deep vein thrombosis Not Available THBD OT8VHLKY [7]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C13H10N2O4
IUPAC Name
2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindole-1,3-dione
Canonical SMILES
C1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1N2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O
InChI
InChI=1S/C13H10N2O4/c16-10-6-5-9(11(17)14-10)15-12(18)7-3-1-2-4-8(7)13(15)19/h1-4,9H,5-6H2,(H,14,16,17)
InChIKey
UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
5426
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:74947
CAS Number
50-35-1
DrugBank ID
DB01041
TTD ID
D0U7GK
VARIDT ID
DR00461
INTEDE ID
DR1572
ACDINA ID
D00669
Combinatorial Drugs (CBD) Click to Jump to the Detailed CBD Information of This Drug
Repurposed Drugs (RPD) Click to Jump to the Detailed RPD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) TTF8CQI TNFA_HUMAN Inhibitor [8]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) DEVDYN7 CP2E1_HUMAN Substrate [9]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) DE5IED8 CP2C9_HUMAN Substrate [10]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) DEGTFWK CP2CJ_HUMAN Substrate [11]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) DEJVYAZ CP2A6_HUMAN Substrate [12]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) DEIBDNY CP3A5_HUMAN Substrate [13]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) DEPKLMQ CP2B6_HUMAN Substrate [12]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) DES5XRU CP2C8_HUMAN Substrate [10]
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1) DE073H6 PGH1_HUMAN Substrate [9]
Cytochrome P450 2C18 (CYP2C18) DEZMWRE CP2CI_HUMAN Substrate [10]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP2) OT5NIWA2 MMP2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [14]
Angiopoietin-1 receptor (TEK) OT78YN57 TIE2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [15]
Angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) OTEQK65P ANGP2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [16]
Annexin A2 (ANXA2) OTFNS0CC ANXA2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [17]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [18]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [19]
Bcl-2-like protein 1 (BCL2L1) OTRC5K9O B2CL1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [20]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) OTAD2HEL CCL2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [21]
C-reactive protein (CRP) OT0RFT8F CRP_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [22]
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CXCR1) OT5512B2 CXCR1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [23]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
ICD Disease Classification
Molecule Name Molecule Type Gene Name p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) DTT TNF 8.64E-01 -0.06 -0.16
Cytochrome P450 2C18 (CYP2C18) DME CYP2C18 6.01E-02 4.39E-01 1.83E+00
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) DME CYP2E1 8.20E-01 3.19E-02 1.66E-01
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) DME CYP2C8 9.63E-01 1.10E-01 2.91E-01
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) DME CYP2B6 8.91E-01 -3.14E-02 -1.42E-01
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) DME CYP2A6 1.23E-01 2.71E-01 8.39E-01
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) DME CYP3A5 5.47E-02 -1.30E+00 -1.39E+00
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) DME CYP2C19 5.67E-01 -4.03E-02 -2.13E-01
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) DME CYP2C9 1.00E-01 3.06E-02 1.84E-01
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1) DME PTGS1 1.71E-02 7.25E-01 2.30E+00
Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Thalidomide
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
Carfilzomib DM48K0X Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Carfilzomib. Multiple myeloma [2A83] [24]
Panobinostat DM58WKG Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Panobinostat. Multiple myeloma [2A83] [25]
Elotuzumab DMEYHG9 Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Elotuzumab. Multiple myeloma [2A83] [24]
Melphalan DMOLNHF Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Melphalan. Multiple myeloma [2A83] [26]
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Thalidomide (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Ivosidenib DM8S6T7 Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Ivosidenib. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [25]
Midostaurin DMI6E0R Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Midostaurin. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [25]
Idarubicin DMM0XGL Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Idarubicin. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [26]
Arn-509 DMT81LZ Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Arn-509. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [25]
Gilteritinib DMTI0ZO Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Gilteritinib. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [25]
Oliceridine DM6MDCF Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Oliceridine. Acute pain [MG31] [27]
Mepyramine DMB4SFH Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Mepyramine. Allergic/hypersensitivity disorder [4A80-4A8Z] [28]
Ivabradine DM0L594 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Ivabradine. Angina pectoris [BA40] [25]
Bepridil DM0RKS4 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Bepridil. Angina pectoris [BA40] [25]
Dronedarone DMA8FS5 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Dronedarone. Angina pectoris [BA40] [25]
Nifedipine DMSVOZT Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Nifedipine. Angina pectoris [BA40] [25]
Bedaquiline DM3906J Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Bedaquiline. Antimicrobial drug resistance [MG50-MG52] [25]
Chlormezanone DMTWUXR Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Chlormezanone. Anxiety disorder [6B00-6B0Z] [28]
Cilostazol DMZMSCT Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Cilostazol. Arterial occlusive disease [BD40] [25]
Posaconazole DMUL5EW Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Posaconazole. Aspergillosis [1F20] [25]
Roflumilast DMPGHY8 Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Roflumilast. Asthma [CA23] [27]
Lisdexamfetamine DM6W8V5 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Lisdexamfetamine. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [6A05] [25]
Desipramine DMT2FDC Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Desipramine. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [6A05] [29]
Ofloxacin DM0VQN3 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Ofloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [25]
Clarithromycin DM4M1SG Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Clarithromycin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [25]
Sparfloxacin DMB4HCT Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Sparfloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [25]
Gemifloxacin DMHT34O Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Gemifloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [25]
Norfloxacin DMIZ6W2 Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Norfloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [25]
Levofloxacin DMS60RB Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Levofloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [25]
Retigabine DMGNYIH Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Retigabine. Behcet disease [4A62] [27]
Cariprazine DMJYDVK Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Cariprazine. Bipolar disorder [6A60] [29]
Lomustine DMMWSUL Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Lomustine. Brain cancer [2A00] [26]
Eribulin DM1DX4Q Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Eribulin. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [25]
Ixabepilone DM2OZ3G Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Ixabepilone. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [24]
Thiotepa DMIZKOP Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Thiotepa. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [26]
Anastrozole DMNP60F Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Anastrozole. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [26]
Cabazitaxel DMPAZHC Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Cabazitaxel. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [24]
Trastuzumab Emtansine DMU1LXS Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Trastuzumab Emtansine. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [24]
Atorvastatin DMF28YC Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Atorvastatin. Cardiovascular disease [BA00-BE2Z] [24]
PF-04449913 DMSB068 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and PF-04449913. Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia [2A40] [25]
Dihydrocodeine DMB0FWL Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Dihydrocodeine. Chronic pain [MG30] [28]
Levetiracetam DMTGDN8 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Levetiracetam. Chronic pain [MG30] [29]
Necitumumab DMKOJSN Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Necitumumab. Colorectal cancer [2B91] [30]
Capecitabine DMTS85L Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Capecitabine. Colorectal cancer [2B91] [26]
Halothane DM80OZ5 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Halothane. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [25]
Sevoflurane DMC9O43 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Sevoflurane. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [25]
Ketamine DMT5HA4 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Ketamine. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [29]
Probucol DMVZQ2M Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Probucol. Coronary atherosclerosis [BA80] [25]
Chlophedianol DMXGJEI Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Chlophedianol. Cough [MD12] [28]
Pasireotide DMHM7JS Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Pasireotide. Cushing syndrome [5A70] [25]
Osilodrostat DMIJC9X Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Osilodrostat. Cushing syndrome [5A70] [25]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Sertraline. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [29]
Nefazodone DM4ZS8M Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Nefazodone. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [29]
Isocarboxazid DMAF1NB Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Isocarboxazid. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [29]
Escitalopram DMFK9HG Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Escitalopram. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [29]
Desvenlafaxine DMHD4PE Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Desvenlafaxine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [29]
OPC-34712 DMHG57U Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and OPC-34712. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [29]
Clomipramine DMINRKW Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Clomipramine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [29]
Doxepin DMPI98T Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Doxepin. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [29]
Esketamine DMVU687 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Esketamine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [29]
Polatuzumab vedotin DMF6Y0L Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Polatuzumab vedotin. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [2A81] [24]
Heroin diacetylmorphine DMDBWHY Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Heroin diacetylmorphine. Dissociative neurological symptom disorder [6B60] [28]
Tetrabenazine DMYWQ0O Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Tetrabenazine. Dissociative neurological symptom disorder [6B60] [29]
Deutetrabenazine DMUPFLI Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Deutetrabenazine. Dystonic disorder [8A02] [29]
Ingrezza DMVPLNC Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Ingrezza. Dystonic disorder [8A02] [29]
Methsuximide DM6L5VO Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Methsuximide. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [29]
Cenobamate DM8KLU9 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Cenobamate. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [29]
Stiripentol DMMSDOY Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Stiripentol. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [29]
Phenacemide DMOHS9P Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Phenacemide. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [28]
Fosphenytoin DMOX3LB Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Fosphenytoin. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [29]
Brivaracetam DMSEPK8 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Brivaracetam. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [29]
Clonazepam DMTO13J Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Clonazepam. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [29]
Lacosamide DMVM6QR Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Lacosamide. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [29]
Rufinamide DMWE60C Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Rufinamide. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [29]
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Phenobarbital. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [29]
Vigabatrin DMYT0OG Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Vigabatrin. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [29]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Cannabidiol. Epileptic encephalopathy [8A62] [29]
Diphenhydramine DMKQTBA Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Diphenhydramine. Episodic vestibular syndrome [AB31] [29]
Nadolol DMW6GVL Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Nadolol. Essential hypertension [BA00] [25]
Dantrolene DM1D8XY Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Dantrolene. Fever [MG26] [29]
Sunitinib DMCBJSR Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Sunitinib. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour [2B5B] [25]
Metipranolol DMJMVKI Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Metipranolol. Glaucoma [9C61] [25]
Levobetaxolol DMSREPX Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Levobetaxolol. Glaucoma [9C61] [25]
Levobunolol DMTNFCQ Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Levobunolol. Glaucoma [9C61] [25]
Pilocarpine DMV9ADG Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Pilocarpine. Glaucoma [9C61] [25]
Colchicine DM2POTE Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Colchicine. Gout [FA25] [24]
Carvedilol DMHTEAO Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Carvedilol. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [25]
Digitoxin DMWVIGP Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Digitoxin. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [25]
Telbivudine DMSWUGE Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Telbivudine. Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51] [24]
Procarbazine DMIK367 Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Procarbazine. Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30] [26]
Brentuximab vedotin DMWLC57 Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Brentuximab vedotin. Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30] [24]
Fostemsavir DM50ILT Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Fostemsavir. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [25]
Saquinavir DMG814N Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Saquinavir. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [25]
Etravirine DMGV8QU Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Etravirine. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [24]
Lopinavir DMITQS0 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Lopinavir. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [25]
Rilpivirine DMJ0QOW Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Rilpivirine. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [25]
Atazanavir DMSYRBX Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Atazanavir. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [25]
Fluvastatin DM4MDJY Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Fluvastatin. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [24]
Rosuvastatin DMMIQ7G Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Rosuvastatin. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [24]
Teriflunomide DMQ2FKJ Major Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Teriflunomide. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [31]
Penbutolol DM4ES8F Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Penbutolol. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [25]
Nebivolol DM7F1PA Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Nebivolol. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [25]
Levamlodipine DM92S6N Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Levamlodipine. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [25]
Hydralazine DMU8JGH Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Hydralazine. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [24]
Clevidipine butyrate DMW4M97 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Clevidipine butyrate. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [25]
Suvorexant DM0E6S3 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Suvorexant. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [29]
Amobarbital DM0GQ8N Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Amobarbital. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [28]
Tasimelteon DMLOQ1V Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Tasimelteon. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [29]
Paraldehyde DMOC1BX Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Paraldehyde. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [28]
ITI-007 DMUQ1DO Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and ITI-007. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [29]
Quazepam DMY4D87 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Quazepam. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [29]
Estazolam DMZGXUM Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Estazolam. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [29]
Remimazolam DMLVSYX Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Remimazolam. Labour/delivery anaesthesia complication [JB0C] [28]
Nelarabine DMB6VEG Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Nelarabine. Leukaemia [2A60-2B33] [26]
Denosumab DMNI0KO Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Denosumab. Low bone mass disorder [FB83] [32]
Crizotinib DM4F29C Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Crizotinib. Lung cancer [2C25] [25]
Ceritinib DMB920Z Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Ceritinib. Lung cancer [2C25] [25]
Lurbinectedin DMEFRTZ Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Lurbinectedin. Lung cancer [2C25] [26]
Osimertinib DMRJLAT Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Osimertinib. Lung cancer [2C25] [25]
Selpercatinib DMZR15V Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Selpercatinib. Lung cancer [2C25] [25]
Lumefantrine DM29GAD Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Lumefantrine. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [25]
Halofantrine DMOMK1V Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Halofantrine. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [25]
Hydroxychloroquine DMSIVND Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Hydroxychloroquine. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [25]
Inotuzumab ozogamicin DMAC130 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Inotuzumab ozogamicin. Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm [2B33] [25]
Calaspargase pegol DMQZBXI Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Calaspargase pegol. Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm [2B33] [30]
Fludarabine DMVRLT7 Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Fludarabine. Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm [2B33] [26]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Arsenic trioxide. Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85] [25]
Ponatinib DMYGJQO Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Ponatinib. Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85] [26]
Arry-162 DM1P6FR Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Arry-162. Melanoma [2C30] [26]
Vemurafenib DM62UG5 Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Vemurafenib. Melanoma [2C30] [25]
LGX818 DMNQXV8 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and LGX818. Melanoma [2C30] [25]
Allopregnanolone DMNLHAC Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Allopregnanolone. Mental/behavioural/neurodevelopmental disorder [6E20-6E8Z] [33]
Lasmiditan DMXLVDT Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Lasmiditan. Migraine [8A80] [34]
Flibanserin DM70DTN Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Flibanserin. Mood disorder [6A60-6E23] [35]
Tecfidera DM2OVDT Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Tecfidera. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [36]
Siponimod DM2R86O Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Siponimod. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [25]
Fingolimod DM5JVAN Major Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Fingolimod. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [37]
Ocrelizumab DMEZ2KH Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Ocrelizumab. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [38]
Ozanimod DMT6AM2 Major Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Ozanimod. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [27]
Deflazacort DMV0RNS Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Deflazacort. Muscular dystrophy [8C70] [26]
Neostigmine DM6T2J3 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Neostigmine. Myasthenia gravis [8C6Y] [25]
Ambenonium DMOP0BL Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Ambenonium. Myasthenia gravis [8C6Y] [25]
Romidepsin DMT5GNL Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Romidepsin. Mycosis fungoides [2B01] [25]
Vorinostat DMWMPD4 Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Vorinostat. Mycosis fungoides [2B01] [26]
Decitabine DMQL8XJ Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Decitabine. Myelodysplastic syndrome [2A37] [26]
Nilotinib DM7HXWT Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Nilotinib. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [25]
Dasatinib DMJV2EK Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Dasatinib. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [25]
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate DMPU2WX Moderate Additive myelosuppressive effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Omacetaxine mepesuccinate. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [39]
Phenindamine DMDTC7R Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Phenindamine. Nasopharyngitis [CA00] [28]
Promethazine DM6I5GR Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Promethazine. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [29]
Cyclizine DM9G7BS Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Cyclizine. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [28]
Metoclopramide DMFA5MY Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Metoclopramide. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [29]
E-2007 DMJDYNQ Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and E-2007. Neuropathy [8C0Z] [29]
Entrectinib DMMPTLH Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Entrectinib. Non-small cell lung cancer [2C25] [25]
Sibutramine DMFJTDI Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Sibutramine. Obesity [5B80-5B81] [28]
Levomethadyl Acetate DM06HG5 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Levomethadyl Acetate. Opioid use disorder [6C43] [27]
Lofexidine DM1WXA6 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Lofexidine. Opioid use disorder [6C43] [29]
Rucaparib DM9PVX8 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Rucaparib. Ovarian cancer [2C73] [25]
Oxymorphone DM65AGJ Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Oxymorphone. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [29]
Dezocine DMJDB0Y Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Dezocine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [28]
Flavoxate DMKV4NL Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Flavoxate. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [29]
Ziconotide DMSLJP4 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Ziconotide. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [29]
Triclabendazole DMPWGBR Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Triclabendazole. Parasitic worm infestation [1F90] [25]
Pergolide DM14MAE Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Pergolide. Parkinsonism [8A00] [29]
Opicapone DM1BKA6 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Opicapone. Parkinsonism [8A00] [28]
Rasagiline DM3WKQ4 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Rasagiline. Parkinsonism [8A00] [29]
Levodopa DMN3E57 Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Levodopa. Parkinsonism [8A00] [24]
Pimavanserin DMR7IVC Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Pimavanserin. Parkinsonism [8A00] [25]
Bromocriptine DMVE3TK Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Bromocriptine. Parkinsonism [8A00] [29]
Orphenadrine DMW542E Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Orphenadrine. Parkinsonism [8A00] [29]
Macimorelin DMQYJIR Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Macimorelin. Pituitary gland disorder [5A60-5A61] [25]
Lefamulin DME6G97 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Lefamulin. Pneumonia [CA40] [25]
Degarelix DM3O8QY Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Degarelix. Prostate cancer [2C82] [25]
ABIRATERONE DM8V75C Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and ABIRATERONE. Prostate cancer [2C82] [25]
Enzalutamide DMGL19D Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Enzalutamide. Prostate cancer [2C82] [25]
Relugolix DMK7IWL Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Relugolix. Prostate cancer [2C82] [25]
Estramustine DMWTAOI Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Estramustine. Prostate cancer [2C82] [30]
Bicalutamide DMZMSPF Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Bicalutamide. Prostate cancer [2C82] [25]
Terazosin DM3JCVS Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Terazosin. Prostate hyperplasia [GA90] [25]
Levomepromazine DMIKFEL Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Levomepromazine. Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25] [27]
Axitinib DMGVH6N Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Axitinib. Renal cell carcinoma [2C90] [26]
Gatifloxacin DMSL679 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Gatifloxacin. Respiratory infection [CA07-CA4Z] [25]
Neupro DMHEAB1 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Neupro. Restless legs syndrome [7A80] [29]
Tocilizumab DM7J6OR Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Tocilizumab. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [24]
Canakinumab DM8HLO5 Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Canakinumab. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [40]
Rilonacept DMGLUQS Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Rilonacept. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [40]
Golimumab DMHZV7X Major Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Golimumab. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [41]
Dexamethasone DMMWZET Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Dexamethasone. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [26]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Major Additive myelosuppressive effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Leflunomide. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [31]
Quetiapine DM1N62C Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Quetiapine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [29]
Aripiprazole DM3NUMH Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Aripiprazole. Schizophrenia [6A20] [29]
Iloperidone DM6AUFY Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Iloperidone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [29]
Paliperidone DM7NPJS Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Paliperidone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [29]
Molindone DMAH70G Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Molindone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [29]
Thiothixene DMDINC4 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Thiothixene. Schizophrenia [6A20] [29]
Amisulpride DMSJVAM Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Amisulpride. Schizophrenia [6A20] [29]
Asenapine DMSQZE2 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Asenapine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [29]
Pimozide DMW83TP Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Pimozide. Schizophrenia [6A20] [29]
Anthrax vaccine DM9GSWY Moderate Antagonize the effect of Thalidomide when combined with Anthrax vaccine. Sepsis [1G40-1G41] [42]
Ifosfamide DMCT3I8 Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Ifosfamide. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [26]
Docetaxel DMDI269 Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Docetaxel. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [26]
Trabectedin DMG3Y89 Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Trabectedin. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [24]
Mitoxantrone DMM39BF Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Mitoxantrone. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [26]
LEE011 DMMX75K Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and LEE011. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [25]
Vandetanib DMRICNP Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Vandetanib. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [25]
Triptorelin DMTK4LS Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Triptorelin. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [25]
Taxol DMUOT9V Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Taxol. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [26]
Pitolisant DM8RFNJ Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Pitolisant. Somnolence [MG42] [25]
Telavancin DM58VQX Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Telavancin. Staphylococcal/streptococcal disease [1B5Y] [25]
Plicamycin DM7C8YV Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Plicamycin. Testicular cancer [2C80] [30]
Lenvatinib DMB1IU4 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Lenvatinib. Thyroid cancer [2D10] [25]
Cabozantinib DMIYDT4 Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Cabozantinib. Thyroid cancer [2D10] [26]
Papaverine DMCA9QP Major Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Thalidomide and Papaverine. Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47] [43]
Secnidazole DMJ18YL Moderate Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy by the combination of Thalidomide and Secnidazole. Vaginal discharge [MF3A] [24]
Chlorpheniramine DM5URA2 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Chlorpheniramine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [29]
Trimeprazine DMEMV9D Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Trimeprazine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [27]
Propafenone DMPIBJK Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Propafenone. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71] [25]
Flecainide DMSQDLE Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Flecainide. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71] [25]
Amiodarone DMUTEX3 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Thalidomide and Amiodarone. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71] [25]
Valganciclovir DMS2IUH Moderate Additive myelosuppressive effects by the combination of Thalidomide and Valganciclovir. Virus infection [1A24-1D9Z] [25]
⏷ Show the Full List of 215 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Magnesium stearate E00208 11177 lubricant
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Thalidomide 100 mg capsule 100 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Thalidomide 150 mg capsule 150 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Thalidomide 200 mg capsule 200 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Thalidomide 50 mg capsule 50 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 Thalidomide FDA Label
2 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7327).
3 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04273529) The Efficacy and Safety of Thalidomide in the Adjuvant Treatment of Moderate New Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
4 BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
5 Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
6 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
7 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
8 Efficacy of different thalidomide regimens for patients with multiple myeloma and its relationship with TNF-alpha level. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Dec;16(6):1312-5.
9 Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
10 Thalidomide metabolism by the CYP2C subfamily. Clin Cancer Res. 2002 Jun;8(6):1964-73.
11 Pharmacogenetic associations of CYP2C19 genotype with in vivo metabolisms and pharmacological effects of thalidomide. Cancer Biol Ther. 2002 Nov-Dec;1(6):669-73.
12 Metabolism of thalidomide in human microsomes, cloned human cytochrome P-450 isozymes, and Hansen's disease patients. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2000;14(3):140-7.
13 Human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 3A enzymes involved in thalidomide 5-hydroxylation and formation of a glutathione conjugate. Chem Res Toxicol. 2010 Jun 21;23(6):1018-24.
14 Effects of thalidomide on parameters involved in angiogenesis: an in vitro study. J Neurooncol. 2003 Sep;64(3):193-201. doi: 10.1023/a:1025618022921.
15 Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in multiple myeloma: implications and significance. Blood. 2005 Apr 15;105(8):3286-94. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-06-2101. Epub 2004 Dec 23.
16 Thalidomide downregulates angiogenic genes in bone marrow endothelial cells of patients with active multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug 10;23(23):5334-46. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.723. Epub 2005 Jun 6.
17 [Effects of thalidomide on Annexin II gene regulation]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Jul;30(7):464-7.
18 Thalidomide inhibits growth of tumors through COX-2 degradation independent of antiangiogenesis. Vascul Pharmacol. 2005 Aug;43(2):112-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2005.04.003.
19 Long-term thalidomide therapy resulted in lack of mdr1 gene expression in a patient with primary resistant multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2005 Aug;19(8):1497-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403811.
20 NF-kappaB protects Beh?et's disease T cells against CD95-induced apoptosis up-regulating antiapoptotic proteins. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Jul;52(7):2179-91. doi: 10.1002/art.21145.
21 Polyunsaturated fatty acids synergize with lipid droplet binding thalidomide analogs to induce oxidative stress in cancer cells. Lipids Health Dis. 2010 Jun 2;9:56. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-9-56.
22 Intractable insomnia after cessation of treatment with thalidomide. Gastroenterology. 2001 May;120(6):1567-8. doi: 10.1053/gast.2001.24495.
23 Immunological consequences of thalidomide treatment in Sj?gren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Jan;65(1):112-4. doi: 10.1136/ard.2005.038406.
24 Argov Z, Mastaglia FL "Drug-induced peripheral neuropathies." Br Med J 1 (1979): 663-6. [PMID: 219931]
25 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
26 Bennett CL, Nebeker JR, Samore MH, et al "The Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) project." JAMA 293 (2005): 2131-40. [PMID: 15870417]
27 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
28 Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology 15 (1986): 31-7. [PMID: 3725002]
29 Product Information. Thalomid (thalidomide). Celgene Corporation, Warren, NJ.
30 Figg WD, Arlen P, Gulley J, et al. "A randomized phase II trial of docetaxel (taxotere) plus thalidomide in androgen-independent prostate cancer." Semin Oncol 28(4 Suppl 15) (2001): 62-6. [PMID: 11685731]
31 Product Information. Arava (leflunomide). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
32 Product Information. Prolia (denosumab). Amgen USA, Thousand Oaks, CA.
33 Product Information. Zulresso (brexanolone). Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
34 Product Information. Reyvow (lasmiditan). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
35 Product Information. Addyi (flibanserin). Sprout Pharmaceuticals, Raleigh, NC.
36 Product Information. Vumerity (diroximel fumarate). Alkermes, Inc, Cambridge, MA.
37 Product Information. Gilenya (fingolimod). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
38 Product Information. Ocrevus (ocrelizumab). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
39 Product Information. Synribo (omacetaxine). Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, North Wales, PA.
40 Product Information. Arcalyst (rilonacept). Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY.
41 Product Information. Cimzia (certolizumab). UCB Pharma Inc, Smyrna, GA.
42 CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ "Recommendations of the advisory committtee on immunization practices (ACIP): use of vaccines and immune globulins in persons with altered immunocompetence." MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 42(RR-04) (1993): 1-18. [PMID: 20300058]
43 Goto M, Sato M, Kitzazawa H, et.al "Papaverine-induced QT interval prolongation and ventricular fibrillation in a patient with a history of drug-induced QT prolongation." Intern Med 53 (2014): 1629-31. [PMID: 25088875]