Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMPC1J7)

Drug Name

Clofibrate

Synonyms

Amotril; Angiokapsul; Anparton; Antilipid; Antilipide; Apolan; Arterioflexin; Arterosol; Artevil; Ateculon; Ateriosan; Athebrate; Atheromide; Atheropront; Athromidin; Atrolen; Atromid; Atromida; Atromidin; Atrovis; Azionyl; Bioscleran; Bresit; CPIB; Cartagyl; Chlorfenisate; Chlorphenisate; Cinnarizin; Citiflus; Claripex; Cloberat; Clobrat; Clofar; Clofibate; Clofibram; Clofibrat; Clofibrato; Clofibratum; Clofinit; Clofipront; Delipid; Deliva; ELPI; EPIB; Fibralem; Gerastop; Hyclorate; Klofibrat; Klofiran; Levatrom; Lipamid; Lipavil; Lipavlon; Lipidsenker; Lipofacton; Lipomid; Liponorm; Liporeduct; Liporil; Liposid; Liprin; Liprinal; Lobetrin; Miscleron; Misclerone; Miskleron; Negalip; Normalip; Normat; Normet; Normolipol; Novofibrate; Persantinat; Recolip; Regardin; Regelan; Robigram; Scrobin; Serofinex; Serotinex; Skerolip; Sklerepmexe; Sklero; Sklerolip; Skleromex; Skleromexe; Ticlobran; Xyduril; Yoclo; Amotril S; Atromid S; Claripex CPIB; Clofibrato [Spanish]; Dura clofibrat; Ethyl chlorophenoxyisobutyrate; Ethyl clofibrate; Regelan N; Vincamin compositum; AY 61123; C 6643; Lipide 500; Oxan 600; AY-61123; Athranid-wirkstoff; Atromid-S; BML2-F02; Chlorophenoxyisobutyrate, Ethyl; Clobren-5F; Clobren-SF; Clofibrate (CLOF); Clofibrato [INN-Spanish]; Clofibratum [INN-Latin]; Clofibric Acid, Ethyl Ester; Ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate; Ethyl para-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate; Neo-Atomid; Neo-Atromid; Sklero-Tablinen; Sklero-tablinene; Sklero-tabuls; ATROMID-S (TN); Atromid-S (TN); Atromid-S, Clofibrate; Ethyl alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate; Clofibrate (JP15/USP/INN); Clofibrate [USAN:INN:BAN:JAN]; Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)isobutyrate; Ethyl 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)isobutyrate; Ethyl alpha-(4-chlorophenoxy)isobutyrate; Ethyl alpha-(p-chlorophenoxy)isobutyrate; Ethyl-alpha-p-chlorophenoxy-isobutyrate

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Dysbetalipoproteinemia	5C80.2	Approved	[1]
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Therapeutic Class

Antilipemic Agents

Drug Type

Small molecular drug

Structure

3D MOL

2D MOL

#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0

Molecular Weight (mw)

242.7

Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp)

3.3

Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds)

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor)

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc)

ADMET Property

BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability [2]
Bioavailability: 95% of drug becomes completely available to its intended biological destination(s) [3]
Elimination: 11% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [2]
Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 18 - 22 hours [4]
Metabolism: The drug is metabolized via the hepatic []

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

ADR Term	Variation	Related DOT	DOT ID	REF
Hyperplasia	Not Available	CRAT	OTSCLZ04	[5]
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Chemical Identifiers

Formula: C12H15ClO3
IUPAC Name: ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate
Canonical SMILES: CCOC(=O)C(C)(C)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H15ClO3/c1-4-15-11(14)12(2,3)16-10-7-5-9(13)6-8-10/h5-8H,4H2,1-3H3
InChIKey: KNHUKKLJHYUCFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 2796
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:3750
CAS Number: 637-07-0
DrugBank ID: DB00636
TTD ID: D0J5DC
INTEDE ID: DR0347

Combinatorial Drugs (CBD)

Click to Jump to the Detailed CBD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)	TTOF3WZ	LIPL_HUMAN	Activator	[6]

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Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	DE6OQ3W	CP1A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Glutathione S-transferase alpha-1 (GSTA1)	DE4ZHS1	GSTA1_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)	DEJVYAZ	CP2A6_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)	DEPKLMQ	CP2B6_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Lauric acid omega-hydroxylase (CYP4A11)	DE2XQGW	CP4AB_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]

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Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR)	OTRT3F3U	HMDH_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[11]
Albumin (ALB)	OTVMM513	ALBU_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[12]
Antithrombin-III (SERPINC1)	OTDFATG0	ANT3_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[13]
Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1)	OT5THARI	APOA1_HUMAN	Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes	[14]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[15]
Carnitine O-acetyltransferase (CRAT)	OTSCLZ04	CACP_HUMAN	Drug Response	[5]
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform (CPT1A)	OTI862QH	CPT1A_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[16]
Caveolin-1 (CAV1)	OTEZUR1L	CAV1_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[17]
Ceruloplasmin (CP)	OTM8JE4Y	CERU_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[12]
CREB-binding protein (CREBBP)	OTPA4QGM	CBP_HUMAN	Drug Response	[18]

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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Clofibrate (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Repaglinide	DM5SXUV	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Clofibrate and Repaglinide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[19]
Glibenclamide	DM8JXPZ	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Clofibrate and Glibenclamide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[19]
Tolazamide	DMIHRNA	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Clofibrate and Tolazamide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[20]
Nateglinide	DMLK2QH	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Clofibrate and Nateglinide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[19]
Insulin-glulisine	DMQI0FU	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Clofibrate and Insulin-glulisine.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[19]
Insulin-aspart	DMX7V28	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Clofibrate and Insulin-aspart.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[21]
Glipizide	DMZA5PQ	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Clofibrate and Glipizide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[19]
Fosphenytoin	DMOX3LB	Minor	Increased plasma concentration of Clofibrate and Fosphenytoin due to competitive binding of plasma proteins.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[22]
Ethotoin	DMXWOCP	Minor	Increased plasma concentration of Clofibrate and Ethotoin due to competitive binding of plasma proteins.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[23]
Furosemide	DMMQ8ZG	Minor	Increased plasma concentration of Clofibrate and Furosemide due to competitive binding of plasma proteins.	Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z]	[24]
Rifampin	DMA8J1G	Minor	Increased metabolism of Clofibrate caused by Rifampin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14]	[25]
Warfarin	DMJYCVW	Major	Increased plasma concentration of Clofibrate and Warfarin due to competitive binding of plasma proteins.	Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC81]	[26]
Tolbutamide	DM02AWV	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Clofibrate and Tolbutamide.	Type 2 diabetes mellitus [5A11]	[20]
Chlorpropamide	DMPHZQE	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Clofibrate and Chlorpropamide.	Type 2 diabetes mellitus [5A11]	[20]
Insulin-detemir	DMOA4VW	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Clofibrate and Insulin-detemir.	Type-1/2 diabete [5A10-5A11]	[19]
Insulin degludec	DMPL395	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Clofibrate and Insulin degludec.	Type-1/2 diabete [5A10-5A11]	[19]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 16 DDI Information of This Drug

References

1	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2667).
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7	Clinical pharmacokinetics of fibric acid derivatives (fibrates). Clin Pharmacokinet. 1998 Feb;34(2):155-62.
8	Oxidative metabolism of flunarizine and cinnarizine by microsomes from B-lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Biol Pharm Bull. 1996 Nov;19(11):1511-4.
9	Characterization and formation of the glutathione conjugate of clofibric acid. Drug Metab Dispos. 1995 Jan;23(1):119-23.
10	Regulation of CYP2E1 by ethanol and palmitic acid and CYP4A11 by clofibrate in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci. 2004 Jun;79(2):233-41.
11	HMG-CoA reductase and PPARalpha are involved in clofibrate-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes. Apoptosis. 2006 Feb;11(2):265-75.
12	Effect of clofibrate on plasma proteins including components of the hemostatic mechanism. Clin Chim Acta. 1976 Jan 2;66(1):9-17. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(76)90366-1.
13	Venous thrombosis, heparin-induced antithrombin III deficiency, and factor VIII. Lancet. 1977 Dec 10;2(8050):1231-2.
14	An induction in hepatic HDL secretion associated with reduced ATPase expression. Am J Pathol. 2009 Oct;175(4):1777-87. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090082. Epub 2009 Aug 28.
15	Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Dec; 118(2):485-500.
16	Positive regulation of hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) activities by soy isoflavones and L-carnitine. Eur J Nutr. 2006 Mar;45(3):159-64. doi: 10.1007/s00394-005-0576-5. Epub 2005 Dec 20.
17	[Effects of peroxisome proliferators activated receptors on caveolin-1 expression in foam cells]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. 2007 Jul;35(7):661-5.
18	Steroid receptor coactivator 1 deficiency increases MMTV-neu mediated tumor latency and differentiation specific gene expression, decreases metastasis, and inhibits response to PPAR ligands. BMC Cancer. 2010 Nov 16;10:629. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-629.
19	Abad S, Moachon L, Blanche P, Bavoux F, Sicard D, Salmon-Ceron D "Possible interaction between glicazide, fluconazole and sulfamethoxazole resulting in severe hypoglycaemia." Br J Clin Pharmacol 52 (2001): 456-7. [PMID: 11678792]
20	Christensen LK, Hansen JM, Kristensen M "Sulphaphenazole-induced hypoglycemic attacks in tolbutamide-treated diabetics." Lancet 2 (1963): 1298-301. [PMID: 14071924]
21	Asplund K, Wiholm BE, Lithner F "Glibenclamide-associated hypoglycaemia: a report on 57 cases." Diabetologia 24 (1983): 412-7. [PMID: 6411511]
22	Product Information. Atromid-S (clofibrate). Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
23	Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
24	Bridgman JF, Rosen SM, Thorp JM "Complications during clofibrate treatment of nephrotic-syndrome hyperlipoproteinaemia." Lancet 2 (1972): 506-9. [PMID: 4115569]
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