Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DIS3QRWA)

• Disease Name: Inflammatory breast cancer
• Synonyms: IBC; breast cancer, inflammatory; inflammatory breast carcinoma; inflammatory carcinoma of the breast; inflammatory carcinoma of breast; inflammatory breast cancer; mastitis carcinomatosa; mastitis Carcinomatosa
• Disease Class: 2C60-2C6Y: Breast cancer
• Definition: An advanced, invasive breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of distinct changes in the overlying skin. These changes include diffuse erythema, edema, peau d'orange (skin of an orange) appearance, tenderness, induration, warmth, enlargement, and in some cases a palpable mass. The skin changes are the consequence of lymphatic obstruction from the underlying invasive breast adenocarcinoma. Microscopically, the dermal lymphatics show prominent infiltration by malignant cells. The invasive breast adenocarcinoma is usually of ductal, NOS type. There is not significant inflammatory cell infiltrate present, despite the name of this carcinoma.
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DISANYTW: Invasive breast carcinoma
  DISMPHJ0: Breast adenocarcinoma
  DIS3QRWA: Inflammatory breast cancer
• ICD Code:
  ICD-11: ICD-11: 2C62
  Expand ICD-9: 174175
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0006804
  MESH ID: D058922
  UMLS CUI: C0278601
  MedGen ID: 75841
  SNOMED CT ID: 254840009

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 6 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Cyclophosphamide	DM4O2Z7	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]
Dexrazoxane	DMD7X1O	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Approved	Small molecular drug	[3]
Paclitaxel	DMLB81S	Approved	Small molecular drug	[4]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[5]
Trastuzumab	DMZQOUX	Approved	Antibody	[6]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 9 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
RIPK2	TTCQ2E5	moderate	Biomarker	[8]
ALK	TTPMQSO	Strong	Genetic Variation	[9]
CTSA	TT5NILS	Strong	Altered Expression	[10]
CTSV	TTSD9T1	Strong	Altered Expression	[11]
IL13RA1	TTNEAMG	Strong	Altered Expression	[12]
PGR	TTUV8G9	Strong	Biomarker	[13]
PPP3CA	TTA4LDE	Strong	Biomarker	[14]
SCGB1D2	TT5D314	Strong	Genetic Variation	[15]
XIAP	TTK3WBU	Strong	Biomarker	[16]

This Disease Is Related to 1 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
HAGH	DE05IKP	Strong	Altered Expression	[17]

This Disease Is Related to 20 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
ECT2	OTQDUCT6	Limited	Biomarker	[18]
RBM3	OTAJ7R31	Disputed	Altered Expression	[19]
EIF4G1	OT2CF1E6	moderate	Altered Expression	[20]
RHOC	OTOLE1FT	moderate	Biomarker	[21]
COL10A1	OTC4G2YC	Strong	Altered Expression	[22]
COL5A1	OT24078H	Strong	Biomarker	[23]
CST6	OTZVHJTF	Strong	Posttranslational Modification	[24]
DGCR8	OT62LXE4	Strong	Altered Expression	[25]
DLX4	OTLWVCN4	Strong	Altered Expression	[26]
H3-4	OTY6ITYF	Strong	Biomarker	[27]
HHEX	OTLIUVYX	Strong	Biomarker	[28]
IFITM1	OTECO1G8	Strong	Altered Expression	[29]
KRT81	OTMKIK2S	Strong	Genetic Variation	[15]
MED15	OT0D0JVD	Strong	Biomarker	[30]
NUSAP1	OT85HIJ5	Strong	Altered Expression	[31]
PRLH	OTJBP360	Strong	Biomarker	[28]
PUM1	OTTMWP8L	Strong	Biomarker	[32]
RARRES1	OTETUPP5	Strong	Biomarker	[30]
SIAH2	OTKED2XN	Strong	Altered Expression	[33]
TJP3	OTC1K8HC	Strong	Biomarker	[34]

References

• [1] Cyclophosphamide FDA Label
• [2] Dexrazoxane FDA Label
• [3] Doxorubicin FDA Label
• [4] Paclitaxel FDA Label
• [5] Tamoxifen FDA Label
• [6] Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab in women with locally advanced, inflammatory, or early HER2-positive breast cancer (NeoSphere): a randomised multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Jan;13(1):25-32.
• [7] A randomized phase II study of lapatinib + pazopanib versus lapatinib in patients with HER2+ inflammatory breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013 Jan;137(2):471-82.
• [8] Erratum: Zare, A. et al. RIPK2: New Elements in Modulating Inflammatory Breast Cancer Pathogenesis. Cancers, 2018, 10, 184.Cancers (Basel). 2018 Nov 7;10(11):425. doi: 10.3390/cancers10110425.
• [9] Anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene copy number gain in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC): prevalence, clinicopathologic features and prognostic implication.PLoS One. 2015 Mar 24;10(3):e0120320. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120320. eCollection 2015.
• [10] The prognostic significance of lysosomal protective protein (cathepsin A) in breast ductal carcinoma insitu.Histopathology. 2019 Jun;74(7):1025-1035. doi: 10.1111/his.13835. Epub 2019 Apr 14.
• [11] Prognostic significance of cathepsin V (CTSV/CTSL2) in breast ductal carcinoma in situ.J Clin Pathol. 2020 Feb;73(2):76-82. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-205939. Epub 2019 Aug 23.
• [12] Elevated Interleukin-13 Receptor Alpha 1 Expression in Tumor Cells Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer.Ann Surg Oncol. 2017 Nov;24(12):3780-3787. doi: 10.1245/s10434-017-5907-2. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
• [13] Prevalence of germline variants in inflammatory breast cancer.Cancer. 2019 Jul 1;125(13):2194-2202. doi: 10.1002/cncr.32062. Epub 2019 Apr 1.
• [14] High-resolution comparative genomic hybridization of inflammatory breast cancer and identification of candidate genes.PLoS One. 2011 Feb 9;6(2):e16950. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016950.
• [15] Gene Expression Differences between Ductal Carcinoma in Situ with and without Progression to Invasive Breast Cancer.Am J Pathol. 2017 Jul;187(7):1648-1655. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.03.012.
• [16] XIAP Regulation by MNK Links MAPK and NFB Signaling to Determine an Aggressive Breast Cancer Phenotype.Cancer Res. 2018 Apr 1;78(7):1726-1738. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-1667. Epub 2018 Jan 19.
• [17] Differing expression of enzymes of the glyoxalase system in superficial and invasive bladder carcinomas.Eur J Cancer. 2002 Sep;38(14):1946-50. doi: 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00236-8.
• [18] Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals modules and hub genes associated with the development of breast cancer.Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Feb;98(6):e14345. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014345.
• [19] High RNA-binding Motif Protein 3 Expression Is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Invasive Breast Cancer.J Breast Cancer. 2018 Sep;21(3):288-296. doi: 10.4048/jbc.2018.21.e34. Epub 2018 Aug 28.
• [20] Inflammatory breast cancer cells are constitutively adapted to hypoxia.Cell Cycle. 2009 Oct 1;8(19):3091-6. doi: 10.4161/cc.8.19.9637. Epub 2009 Oct 23.
• [21] Macrophages Enhance Migration in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells via RhoC GTPase Signaling.Sci Rep. 2016 Dec 19;6:39190. doi: 10.1038/srep39190.
• [22] Progression-specific genes identified in microdissected formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue containing matched ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal breast cancers.BMC Med Genomics. 2018 Sep 20;11(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s12920-018-0403-5.
• [23] Systematically identify key genes in inflammatory and non-inflammatory breast cancer.Gene. 2016 Jan 10;575(2 Pt 3):600-14. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.025. Epub 2015 Sep 25.
• [24] Cystatin M loss is associated with the losses of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER4 in invasive breast cancer.Breast Cancer Res. 2010;12(6):R100. doi: 10.1186/bcr2783. Epub 2010 Nov 23.
• [25] Complexity in regulation of microRNA machinery components in invasive breast carcinoma.Pathol Oncol Res. 2014 Jul;20(3):697-705. doi: 10.1007/s12253-014-9750-5. Epub 2014 Feb 27.
• [26] Homeoprotein DLX4 expression is increased in inflammatory breast cancer cases from an urban African-American population.Oncotarget. 2018 Jul 27;9(58):31253-31263. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.25790. eCollection 2018 Jul 27.
• [27] Overexpression of caveolin-1 in inflammatory breast cancer cells enables IBC-specific gene delivery and prodrug conversion using histone-targeted polyplexes.Biotechnol Bioeng. 2016 Dec;113(12):2686-2697. doi: 10.1002/bit.26022. Epub 2016 Jun 9.
• [28] Proline-Rich Homeodomain protein (PRH/HHEX) is a suppressor of breast tumour growth.Oncogenesis. 2017 Jun 12;6(6):e346. doi: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.42.
• [29] Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) overexpression enhances the aggressive phenotype of SUM149 inflammatory breast cancer cells in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2)-dependent manner.Breast Cancer Res. 2016 Feb 20;18(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s13058-016-0683-7.
• [30] TIG1 promotes the development and progression of inflammatory breast cancer through activation of Axl kinase.Cancer Res. 2013 Nov 1;73(21):6516-25. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-0967. Epub 2013 Sep 6.
• [31] Nucleolar and Spindle Associated Protein 1 (NUSAP1) Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Enhances Susceptibility to Epirubicin In Invasive Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating Cyclin D Kinase (CDK1) and DLGAP5 Expression.Med Sci Monit. 2018 Nov 26;24:8553-8564. doi: 10.12659/MSM.910364.
• [32] Identification of genes for normalization of real-time RT-PCR data in breast carcinomas.BMC Cancer. 2008 Jan 22;8:20. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-20.
• [33] Overexpression of seven in absentia homolog 2 protein in human breast cancer tissues is associated with the promotion of tumor cell malignant behavior in in vitro.Oncol Rep. 2016 Sep;36(3):1301-12. doi: 10.3892/or.2016.4976. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
• [34] Array-based DNA methylation profiling for breast cancer subtype discrimination.PLoS One. 2010 Sep 7;5(9):e12616. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012616.