General Information of Drug Off-Target (DOT) (ID: OTOLE1FT)

DOT Name Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC)
Synonyms Rho cDNA clone 9; h9
Gene Name RHOC
Related Disease
Gastric neoplasm ( )
Squamous cell carcinoma ( )
Anemia ( )
Breast neoplasm ( )
Cholangiocarcinoma ( )
Colorectal carcinoma ( )
Endometrial carcinoma ( )
Endometriosis ( )
Endometrium adenocarcinoma ( )
Epithelial ovarian cancer ( )
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( )
Head-neck squamous cell carcinoma ( )
Hepatocellular carcinoma ( )
Melanoma ( )
Myocardial ischemia ( )
Neoplasm ( )
Ovarian cancer ( )
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma ( )
Pancreatic cancer ( )
Pancreatic ductal carcinoma ( )
Pancreatic tumour ( )
Prostate neoplasm ( )
Systemic sclerosis ( )
Adult glioblastoma ( )
Breast cancer ( )
Breast carcinoma ( )
Carcinoma ( )
Cervical carcinoma ( )
Colon cancer ( )
Colon carcinoma ( )
Glioblastoma multiforme ( )
Inflammatory breast cancer ( )
Advanced cancer ( )
Metastatic malignant neoplasm ( )
UniProt ID
RHOC_HUMAN
3D Structure
Download
2D Sequence (FASTA)
Download
3D Structure (PDB)
Download
PDB ID
1Z2C; 2GCN; 2GCO; 2GCP
Pfam ID
PF00071
Sequence
MAAIRKKLVIVGDGACGKTCLLIVFSKDQFPEVYVPTVFENYIADIEVDGKQVELALWDT
AGQEDYDRLRPLSYPDTDVILMCFSIDSPDSLENIPEKWTPEVKHFCPNVPIILVGNKKD
LRQDEHTRRELAKMKQEPVRSEEGRDMANRISAFGYLECSAKTKEGVREVFEMATRAGLQ
VRKNKRRRGCPIL
Function
Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Serves as a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Regulates apical junction formation in bronchial epithelial cells.
Reactome Pathway
Sema4D induced cell migration and growth-cone collapse (R-HSA-416572 )
RHO GTPases activate PKNs (R-HSA-5625740 )
RHO GTPases activate CIT (R-HSA-5625900 )
RHO GTPases Activate ROCKs (R-HSA-5627117 )
RHO GTPases Activate Formins (R-HSA-5663220 )
RHO GTPases Activate Rhotekin and Rhophilins (R-HSA-5666185 )
RHOC GTPase cycle (R-HSA-9013106 )
G alpha (12/13) signalling events (R-HSA-416482 )

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DOT

34 Disease(s) Related to This DOT
Disease Name Disease ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
Gastric neoplasm DISOKN4Y Definitive Biomarker [1]
Squamous cell carcinoma DISQVIFL Definitive Altered Expression [2]
Anemia DISTVL0C Strong Biomarker [3]
Breast neoplasm DISNGJLM Strong Altered Expression [4]
Cholangiocarcinoma DIS71F6X Strong Biomarker [5]
Colorectal carcinoma DIS5PYL0 Strong Biomarker [6]
Endometrial carcinoma DISXR5CY Strong Altered Expression [7]
Endometriosis DISX1AG8 Strong Biomarker [8]
Endometrium adenocarcinoma DISY6744 Strong Altered Expression [7]
Epithelial ovarian cancer DIS56MH2 Strong Altered Expression [9]
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma DIS5N2GV Strong Altered Expression [2]
Head-neck squamous cell carcinoma DISF7P24 Strong Altered Expression [10]
Hepatocellular carcinoma DIS0J828 Strong Biomarker [11]
Melanoma DIS1RRCY Strong Altered Expression [12]
Myocardial ischemia DISFTVXF Strong Biomarker [13]
Neoplasm DISZKGEW Strong Altered Expression [14]
Ovarian cancer DISZJHAP Strong Biomarker [15]
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma DISKHX7S Strong Altered Expression [16]
Pancreatic cancer DISJC981 Strong Altered Expression [17]
Pancreatic ductal carcinoma DIS26F9Q Strong Genetic Variation [17]
Pancreatic tumour DIS3U0LK Strong Altered Expression [16]
Prostate neoplasm DISHDKGQ Strong Altered Expression [18]
Systemic sclerosis DISF44L6 Strong Genetic Variation [19]
Adult glioblastoma DISVP4LU moderate Altered Expression [20]
Breast cancer DIS7DPX1 moderate Altered Expression [21]
Breast carcinoma DIS2UE88 moderate Altered Expression [21]
Carcinoma DISH9F1N moderate Altered Expression [22]
Cervical carcinoma DIST4S00 moderate Altered Expression [23]
Colon cancer DISVC52G moderate Biomarker [24]
Colon carcinoma DISJYKUO moderate Altered Expression [24]
Glioblastoma multiforme DISK8246 moderate Altered Expression [20]
Inflammatory breast cancer DIS3QRWA moderate Biomarker [25]
Advanced cancer DISAT1Z9 Limited Altered Expression [21]
Metastatic malignant neoplasm DIS86UK6 Limited Altered Expression [21]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 34 Disease(s)
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This DOT
26 Drug(s) Affected the Gene/Protein Processing of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Valproate DMCFE9I Approved Valproate increases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [26]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Approved Ciclosporin increases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [27]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Approved Tretinoin increases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [28]
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Approved Doxorubicin increases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [29]
Cupric Sulfate DMP0NFQ Approved Cupric Sulfate increases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [30]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Approved Cisplatin affects the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [31]
Ivermectin DMDBX5F Approved Ivermectin decreases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [32]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Approved Quercetin increases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [33]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Approved Arsenic trioxide decreases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [34]
Decitabine DMQL8XJ Approved Decitabine affects the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [31]
Marinol DM70IK5 Approved Marinol increases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [35]
Menadione DMSJDTY Approved Menadione affects the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [37]
Azathioprine DMMZSXQ Approved Azathioprine increases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [38]
Cytarabine DMZD5QR Approved Cytarabine decreases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [39]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Approved Simvastatin increases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [40]
Glucosamine DM4ZLFD Approved Glucosamine decreases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [41]
Urethane DM7NSI0 Phase 4 Urethane increases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [43]
DNCB DMDTVYC Phase 2 DNCB increases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [45]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 Phase 1 Benzo(a)pyrene increases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [33]
(+)-JQ1 DM1CZSJ Phase 1 (+)-JQ1 decreases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [46]
PMID28460551-Compound-2 DM4DOUB Patented PMID28460551-Compound-2 decreases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [47]
Bisphenol A DM2ZLD7 Investigative Bisphenol A decreases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [48]
Formaldehyde DM7Q6M0 Investigative Formaldehyde increases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [49]
chloropicrin DMSGBQA Investigative chloropicrin decreases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [50]
Cycloheximide DMGDA3C Investigative Cycloheximide decreases the expression of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [51]
LPA DMI5XR1 Investigative LPA increases the activity of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [52]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 26 Drug(s)
3 Drug(s) Affected the Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Zoledronate DMIXC7G Approved Zoledronate affects the localization of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [36]
Terbinafine DMI6HUW Approved Terbinafine increases the localization of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [42]
Atorvastatin DMF28YC Phase 3 Trial Atorvastatin decreases the localization of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (RHOC). [44]
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References

1 RhoC is essential for the metastasis of gastric cancer.J Mol Med (Berl). 2007 Oct;85(10):1149-56. doi: 10.1007/s00109-007-0217-y. Epub 2007 Jun 5.
2 Clinical and prognostic significance of RhoA and RhoC gene expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Ann Surg Oncol. 2007 Dec;14(12):3593-601. doi: 10.1245/s10434-007-9562-x. Epub 2007 Sep 25.
3 Gene expression profiles associated with anaemia and ITPA genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C).J Viral Hepat. 2012 Jun;19(6):414-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01564.x. Epub 2011 Dec 7.
4 Molecular epidemiologic features of inflammatory breast cancer: a comparison between Egyptian and US patients.Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Nov;112(1):141-7. doi: 10.1007/s10549-007-9833-z. Epub 2007 Dec 4.
5 HOXD10 acts as a tumor-suppressive factor via inhibition of the RHOC/AKT/MAPK pathway in human cholangiocellular carcinoma.Oncol Rep. 2015 Oct;34(4):1681-91. doi: 10.3892/or.2015.4194. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
6 Biological Characteristics and Clinical Significance of ITGB1 and RHOC in Patients With Recurrent Colorectal Cancer.Anticancer Res. 2019 Sep;39(9):4853-4864. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.13671.
7 MicroRNA-372 inhibits endometrial carcinoma development by targeting the expression of the Ras homolog gene family member C (RhoC).Oncotarget. 2016 Feb 9;7(6):6649-64. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.6544.
8 RHOC: a key gene for endometriosis.Reprod Sci. 2013 Aug;20(8):998-1002. doi: 10.1177/1933719112472743. Epub 2013 Jan 9.
9 Inhibition of Ovarian Epithelial Carcinoma Tumorigenesis and Progression by microRNA 106b Mediated through the RhoC Pathway.PLoS One. 2015 May 1;10(5):e0125714. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125714. eCollection 2015.
10 RhoC expression and head and neck cancer metastasis.Mol Cancer Res. 2009 Nov;7(11):1771-80. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0512. Epub 2009 Oct 27.
11 RhoC is essential for angiogenesis induced by hepatocellular carcinoma cells via regulation of endothelial cell organization.Cancer Sci. 2008 Oct;99(10):2012-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00902.x.
12 Suppression subtractive hybridization profiles of radial growth phase and metastatic melanoma cell lines reveal novel potential targets.BMC Cancer. 2008 Jan 22;8:19. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-19.
13 Cardioplegia prevents ischemia-induced transcriptional alterations of cytoprotective genes in rat hearts: a DNA microarray study.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Oct;130(4):1151. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.06.027.
14 Effect of RhoC silencing on multiple myeloma xenografts and angiogenesis in nude mice.J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2019 September-October,;33(5):1387-1394.
15 The role of RhoC in ovarian epithelial carcinoma: a marker for carcinogenesis, progression, prognosis, and target therapy.Gynecol Oncol. 2013 Sep;130(3):570-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.06.004. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
16 Regulation of pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion by RhoC GTPase and caveolin-1.Mol Cancer. 2005 Jun 21;4(1):21. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-4-21.
17 Overexpression of the rhoC gene correlates with progression of ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.Br J Cancer. 1998;77(1):147-52. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1998.23.
18 RhoC promotes metastasis via activation of the Pyk2 pathway in prostate cancer.Cancer Res. 2008 Sep 15;68(18):7613-20. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6700.
19 Investigation of the association between Rho/Rho-kinase gene polymorphisms and systemic sclerosis.Rheumatol Int. 2016 Mar;36(3):421-7. doi: 10.1007/s00296-015-3400-4. Epub 2015 Nov 28.
20 The Role of RhoA, RhoB and RhoC GTPases in Cell Morphology, Proliferation and Migration in Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infected Glioblastoma Cells.Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;38(1):94-109. doi: 10.1159/000438612. Epub 2016 Jan 8.
21 Synergistic inhibition of aggressive breast cancer cell migration and invasion by cytoplasmic delivery of anti-RhoC silencing RNA and presentation of EPPT1 peptide on "smart" particles.J Control Release. 2018 Nov 10;289:79-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.042. Epub 2018 Aug 24.
22 Ovarian clear cell carcinomas: RHO GTPases may contribute to explain their singular biologic behavior.Hum Pathol. 2011 Jun;42(6):833-9. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.08.022. Epub 2011 Jan 3.
23 Notch1 regulates the functional contribution of RhoC to cervical carcinoma progression.Br J Cancer. 2010 Jan 5;102(1):196-205. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605451. Epub 2009 Dec 1.
24 Epigenetic inactivation of HOXD10 is associated with human colon cancer via inhibiting the RHOC/AKT/MAPK signaling pathway.Cell Commun Signal. 2019 Jan 25;17(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s12964-018-0316-0.
25 Macrophages Enhance Migration in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells via RhoC GTPase Signaling.Sci Rep. 2016 Dec 19;6:39190. doi: 10.1038/srep39190.
26 Stem cell transcriptome responses and corresponding biomarkers that indicate the transition from adaptive responses to cytotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 Apr 17;30(4):905-922.
27 Integrating multiple omics to unravel mechanisms of Cyclosporin A induced hepatotoxicity in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Apr;29(3):489-501.
28 Phenotypic characterization of retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by transcriptional profiling. PLoS One. 2013 May 28;8(5):e63862.
29 Bringing in vitro analysis closer to in vivo: studying doxorubicin toxicity and associated mechanisms in 3D human microtissues with PBPK-based dose modelling. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Sep 15;294:184-192.
30 Physiological and toxicological transcriptome changes in HepG2 cells exposed to copper. Physiol Genomics. 2009 Aug 7;38(3):386-401.
31 Acute hypersensitivity of pluripotent testicular cancer-derived embryonal carcinoma to low-dose 5-aza deoxycytidine is associated with global DNA Damage-associated p53 activation, anti-pluripotency and DNA demethylation. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e53003. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053003. Epub 2012 Dec 27.
32 Quantitative proteomics reveals a broad-spectrum antiviral property of ivermectin, benefiting for COVID-19 treatment. J Cell Physiol. 2021 Apr;236(4):2959-2975. doi: 10.1002/jcp.30055. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
33 Comparison of phenotypic and transcriptomic effects of false-positive genotoxins, true genotoxins and non-genotoxins using HepG2 cells. Mutagenesis. 2011 Sep;26(5):593-604.
34 Grouping of histone deacetylase inhibitors and other toxicants disturbing neural crest migration by transcriptional profiling. Neurotoxicology. 2015 Sep;50:56-70.
35 Single-cell Transcriptome Mapping Identifies Common and Cell-type Specific Genes Affected by Acute Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Humans. Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 26;10(1):3450. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59827-1.
36 Zoledronate dysregulates fatty acid metabolism in renal tubular epithelial cells to induce nephrotoxicity. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Jan;92(1):469-485.
37 Global gene expression analysis reveals differences in cellular responses to hydroxyl- and superoxide anion radical-induced oxidative stress in caco-2 cells. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Apr;114(2):193-203. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp309. Epub 2009 Dec 31.
38 A transcriptomics-based in vitro assay for predicting chemical genotoxicity in vivo. Carcinogenesis. 2012 Jul;33(7):1421-9.
39 Cytosine arabinoside induces ectoderm and inhibits mesoderm expression in human embryonic stem cells during multilineage differentiation. Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Apr;162(8):1743-56.
40 Cytoskeletal activation and altered gene expression in endothelial barrier regulation by simvastatin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2004 May;30(5):662-70. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2003-0267OC. Epub 2003 Nov 20.
41 N-acylation of glucosamine modulates chondrocyte growth, proteoglycan synthesis, and gene expression. J Rheumatol. 2005 Sep;32(9):1775-86.
42 Terbinafine inhibits endothelial cell migration through suppression of the Rho-mediated pathway. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Dec;5(12):3130-8. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0457.
43 Ethyl carbamate induces cell death through its effects on multiple metabolic pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2017 Nov 1;277:21-32.
44 Combination of atorvastatin and celecoxib synergistically induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 2008 May 1;122(9):2115-24. doi: 10.1002/ijc.23315.
45 MIP-1beta, a novel biomarker for in vitro sensitization test using human monocytic cell line. Toxicol In Vitro. 2006 Aug;20(5):736-42.
46 Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) regulates RNA polymerase II serine 2 phosphorylation in human CD4+ T cells. J Biol Chem. 2012 Dec 14;287(51):43137-55.
47 Cell-based two-dimensional morphological assessment system to predict cancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 15;383:114761. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114761. Epub 2019 Sep 15.
48 Bisphenol A induces DSB-ATM-p53 signaling leading to cell cycle arrest, senescence, autophagy, stress response, and estrogen release in human fetal lung fibroblasts. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Apr;92(4):1453-1469.
49 Characterization of formaldehyde's genotoxic mode of action by gene expression analysis in TK6 cells. Arch Toxicol. 2013 Nov;87(11):1999-2012.
50 Transcriptomic analysis of human primary bronchial epithelial cells after chloropicrin treatment. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 Oct 19;28(10):1926-35.
51 RNF168 suppresses the cancer stem cell-like traits of nonsmall cell lung cancer cells by mediating RhoC ubiquitination. Environ Toxicol. 2022 Mar;37(3):603-611. doi: 10.1002/tox.23428. Epub 2021 Dec 7.
52 Use of synthetic isoprenoids to target protein prenylation and Rho GTPases in breast cancer invasion. PLoS One. 2014 Feb 26;9(2):e89892. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089892. eCollection 2014.