General Information of Drug Off-Target (DOT) (ID: OTLIUVYX)

DOT Name Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX)
Synonyms Homeobox protein HEX; Homeobox protein PRH; Proline-rich homeodomain protein
Gene Name HHEX
Related Disease
Diabetic retinopathy ( )
Epithelial neoplasm ( )
Neural tube defect ( )
Thyroid tumor ( )
Undifferentiated carcinoma ( )
Acute myelogenous leukaemia ( )
Acute undifferentiated leukemia ( )
Advanced cancer ( )
Alzheimer disease ( )
Benign prostatic hyperplasia ( )
Breast cancer ( )
Breast carcinoma ( )
Breast neoplasm ( )
Cholangiocarcinoma ( )
Cholelithiasis ( )
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly ( )
Congenital hypothyroidism ( )
Dementia ( )
Dilated cardiomyopathy 1A ( )
Ductal breast carcinoma in situ ( )
Fatty liver disease ( )
Glucose-galactose malabsorption ( )
GM2 gangliosidosis ( )
Inflammatory breast cancer ( )
Mycosis fungoides ( )
Myocardial infarction ( )
Neoplasm ( )
Obesity ( )
Promyelocytic leukaemia ( )
Prostate cancer ( )
Prostate carcinoma ( )
Pulmonary disease ( )
Sezary syndrome ( )
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ( )
Tay-sachs disease ( )
Alcohol dependence ( )
Carcinoma ( )
Coronary heart disease ( )
Hepatocellular carcinoma ( )
Lysosomal storage disease ( )
Sandhoff disease ( )
UniProt ID
HHEX_HUMAN
3D Structure
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2D Sequence (FASTA)
Download
3D Structure (PDB)
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PDB ID
2E1O
Pfam ID
PF00046
Sequence
MQYPHPGPAAGAVGVPLYAPTPLLQPAHPTPFYIEDILGRGPAAPTPAPTLPSPNSSFTS
LVSPYRTPVYEPTPIHPAFSHHSAAALAAAYGPGGFGGPLYPFPRTVNDYTHALLRHDPL
GKPLLWSPFLQRPLHKRKGGQVRFSNDQTIELEKKFETQKYLSPPERKRLAKMLQLSERQ
VKTWFQNRRAKWRRLKQENPQSNKKEELESLDSSCDQRQDLPSEQNKGASLDSSQCSPSP
ASQEDLESEISEDSDQEVDIEGDKSYFNAG
Function
Recognizes the DNA sequence 5'-ATTAA-3'. Transcriptional repressor. Activator of WNT-mediated transcription in conjunction with CTNNB1. Establishes anterior identity at two levels; acts early to enhance canonical WNT-signaling by repressing expression of TLE4, and acts later to inhibit NODAL-signaling by directly targeting NODAL. Inhibits EIF4E-mediated mRNA nuclear export. May play a role in hematopoietic differentiation.
Tissue Specificity Liver and promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60.
KEGG Pathway
Maturity onset diabetes of the young (hsa04950 )
Transcriptio.l misregulation in cancer (hsa05202 )

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DOT

41 Disease(s) Related to This DOT
Disease Name Disease ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
Diabetic retinopathy DISHGUJM Definitive Genetic Variation [1]
Epithelial neoplasm DIS0T594 Definitive Biomarker [2]
Neural tube defect DIS5J95E Definitive Genetic Variation [3]
Thyroid tumor DISLVKMD Definitive Altered Expression [2]
Undifferentiated carcinoma DISIAZST Definitive Altered Expression [2]
Acute myelogenous leukaemia DISCSPTN Strong Biomarker [4]
Acute undifferentiated leukemia DISJ4SSG Strong Biomarker [5]
Advanced cancer DISAT1Z9 Strong Biomarker [6]
Alzheimer disease DISF8S70 Strong Biomarker [7]
Benign prostatic hyperplasia DISI3CW2 Strong Altered Expression [8]
Breast cancer DIS7DPX1 Strong Genetic Variation [9]
Breast carcinoma DIS2UE88 Strong Genetic Variation [9]
Breast neoplasm DISNGJLM Strong Biomarker [6]
Cholangiocarcinoma DIS71F6X Strong Genetic Variation [10]
Cholelithiasis DISERLZB Strong Genetic Variation [11]
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly DISOM1K7 Strong Biomarker [12]
Congenital hypothyroidism DISL5XVU Strong Genetic Variation [13]
Dementia DISXL1WY Strong Biomarker [7]
Dilated cardiomyopathy 1A DIS0RK9Z Strong Biomarker [14]
Ductal breast carcinoma in situ DISLCJY7 Strong Biomarker [6]
Fatty liver disease DIS485QZ Strong Biomarker [15]
Glucose-galactose malabsorption DISBFXNW Strong Biomarker [16]
GM2 gangliosidosis DISPT716 Strong Genetic Variation [17]
Inflammatory breast cancer DIS3QRWA Strong Biomarker [6]
Mycosis fungoides DIS62RB8 Strong Biomarker [18]
Myocardial infarction DIS655KI Strong Genetic Variation [19]
Neoplasm DISZKGEW Strong Biomarker [12]
Obesity DIS47Y1K Strong Biomarker [20]
Promyelocytic leukaemia DISYGG13 Strong Altered Expression [21]
Prostate cancer DISF190Y Strong Altered Expression [8]
Prostate carcinoma DISMJPLE Strong Altered Expression [8]
Pulmonary disease DIS6060I Strong Biomarker [22]
Sezary syndrome DISFMTC7 Strong Biomarker [18]
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia DIS17AI2 Strong Biomarker [23]
Tay-sachs disease DISWG5B4 Strong Genetic Variation [24]
Alcohol dependence DIS4ZSCO moderate Biomarker [25]
Carcinoma DISH9F1N moderate Altered Expression [26]
Coronary heart disease DIS5OIP1 Limited Biomarker [27]
Hepatocellular carcinoma DIS0J828 Limited Altered Expression [28]
Lysosomal storage disease DIS6QM6U Limited Genetic Variation [29]
Sandhoff disease DISELKA4 Limited Genetic Variation [29]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 41 Disease(s)
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This DOT
This DOT Affected the Drug Response of 2 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Approved Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX) affects the response to substance of Cisplatin. [45]
Mitomycin DMH0ZJE Approved Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX) affects the response to substance of Mitomycin. [45]
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15 Drug(s) Affected the Gene/Protein Processing of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Valproate DMCFE9I Approved Valproate decreases the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [30]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Approved Ciclosporin decreases the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [31]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Approved Tretinoin decreases the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [32]
Cupric Sulfate DMP0NFQ Approved Cupric Sulfate decreases the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [33]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Approved Quercetin decreases the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [34]
Marinol DM70IK5 Approved Marinol decreases the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [35]
Azathioprine DMMZSXQ Approved Azathioprine decreases the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [36]
Azacitidine DMTA5OE Approved Azacitidine increases the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [37]
Chenodiol DMQ8JIK Approved Chenodiol increases the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [38]
SNDX-275 DMH7W9X Phase 3 SNDX-275 increases the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [39]
Belinostat DM6OC53 Phase 2 Belinostat increases the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [39]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Phase 1 Trial Leflunomide decreases the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [41]
Bisphenol A DM2ZLD7 Investigative Bisphenol A affects the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [42]
Trichostatin A DM9C8NX Investigative Trichostatin A increases the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [43]
Sulforaphane DMQY3L0 Investigative Sulforaphane increases the expression of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [44]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 15 Drug(s)
1 Drug(s) Affected the Post-Translational Modifications of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 Phase 1 Benzo(a)pyrene increases the methylation of Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX (HHEX). [40]
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References

1 CDKAL1 rs7756992 is associated with diabetic retinopathy in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes.Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 18;7(1):8812. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09010-w.
2 Expression and localization of the homeodomain-containing protein HEX in human thyroid tumors.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Mar;87(3):1376-83. doi: 10.1210/jcem.87.3.8344.
3 Association between maternal single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes regulating glucose metabolism and risk for neural tube defects in offspring.Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2015 Jun;103(6):471-8. doi: 10.1002/bdra.23332. Epub 2014 Nov 5.
4 RUNX1 cooperates with FLT3-ITD to induce leukemia.J Exp Med. 2017 Mar 6;214(3):737-752. doi: 10.1084/jem.20160927. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
5 Hhex induces promyelocyte self-renewal and cooperates with growth factor independence to cause myeloid leukemia in mice.Blood Adv. 2018 Feb 27;2(4):347-360. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017013243.
6 Proline-Rich Homeodomain protein (PRH/HHEX) is a suppressor of breast tumour growth.Oncogenesis. 2017 Jun 12;6(6):e346. doi: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.42.
7 HHEX_23 AA Genotype Exacerbates Effect of Diabetes on Dementia and Alzheimer Disease: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study.PLoS Med. 2015 Jul 14;12(7):e1001853. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001853. eCollection 2015 Jul.
8 CK2 abrogates the inhibitory effects of PRH/HHEX on prostate cancer cell migration and invasion and acts through PRH to control cell proliferation.Oncogenesis. 2017 Jan 30;6(1):e293. doi: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.82.
9 Genetic polymorphisms of diabetes-related genes, their interaction with diabetes status, and breast cancer incidence and mortality: The Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project.Mol Carcinog. 2019 Mar;58(3):436-446. doi: 10.1002/mc.22940. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
10 Two variants on T2DM susceptible gene HHEX are associated with CRC risk in a Chinese population.Oncotarget. 2016 May 17;7(20):29770-9. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8865.
11 Metabolic biomarkers and gallstone disease - a population-based study.Scand J Gastroenterol. 2017 Nov;52(11):1270-1277. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2017.1365166. Epub 2017 Aug 11.
12 A Runaway PRH/HHEX-Notch3-Positive Feedback Loop Drives Cholangiocarcinoma and Determines Response to CDK4/6 Inhibition.Cancer Res. 2020 Feb 15;80(4):757-770. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-0942. Epub 2019 Dec 16.
13 Screening for mutations in transcription factors in a Czech cohort of 170 patients with congenital and early-onset hypothyroidism: identification of a novel PAX8 mutation in dominantly inherited early-onset non-autoimmune hypothyroidism.Eur J Endocrinol. 2007 May;156(5):521-9. doi: 10.1530/EJE-06-0709.
14 Gene expression analysis in human breast cancer associated blood vessels.PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e44294. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044294. Epub 2012 Oct 2.
15 A simple transcriptomic signature able to predict drug-induced hepatic steatosis.Arch Toxicol. 2014 Apr;88(4):967-82. doi: 10.1007/s00204-014-1197-7. Epub 2014 Jan 28.
16 Hematopoietically expressed homeobox (HHEX) gene polymorphism (rs5015480) is associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.Clin Genet. 2017 Jun;91(6):843-848. doi: 10.1111/cge.12875. Epub 2016 Nov 30.
17 Frequency of three Hex A mutant alleles among Jewish and non-Jewish carriers identified in a Tay-Sachs screening program.Am J Hum Genet. 1990 Oct;47(4):698-705.
18 Fine mapping of chromosome 10q deletions in mycosis fungoides and sezary syndrome: identification of two discrete regions of deletion at 10q23.33-24.1 and 10q24.33-25.1.Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2005 Feb;42(2):184-92. doi: 10.1002/gcc.20115.
19 The SDF1 A/G Gene Variant: A Susceptibility Variant for Myocardial Infarction.Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2017 Aug;21(8):506-511. doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0023. Epub 2017 Jun 26.
20 Association study of 25 type 2 diabetes related Loci with measures of obesity in Indian sib pairs.PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53944. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053944. Epub 2013 Jan 17.
21 PML-RAR alpha induces the downmodulation of HHEX: a key event responsible for the induction of an angiogenetic response. J Hematol Oncol. 2016 Apr 7;9:33.
22 Identification of transforming growth factor-beta-regulated microRNAs and the microRNA-targetomes in primary lung fibroblasts.PLoS One. 2017 Sep 14;12(9):e0183815. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183815. eCollection 2017.
23 Overexpression of Lhx2 suppresses proliferation of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia-derived cells, partly by reducing LMO2 protein levels.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Jan 15;495(3):2310-2316. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.135. Epub 2017 Dec 24.
24 A new point mutation (G412 to A) at the last nucleotide of exon 3 of hexosaminidase alpha-subunit gene affects splicing.Brain Dev. 2003 Apr;25(3):203-6. doi: 10.1016/s0387-7604(02)00219-x.
25 Long-term changes of salivary exoglycosidases and their applicability as chronic alcohol-drinking and dependence markers.World J Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Jan;20(1):64-75. doi: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1337221. Epub 2017 Jun 29.
26 HEX, PAX-8 and TTF-1 gene expression in human thyroid tissues: a comparative analysis with other genes involved in iodide metabolism.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006 Apr;64(4):398-404. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02477.x.
27 Bayesian refinement of association signals for 14 loci in 3 common diseases.Nat Genet. 2012 Dec;44(12):1294-301. doi: 10.1038/ng.2435. Epub 2012 Oct 28.
28 Oct3/4 is potentially useful for the suppression of the proliferation and motility of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Oncol Lett. 2018 Oct;16(4):5243-5248. doi: 10.3892/ol.2018.9292. Epub 2018 Aug 10.
29 Clinical,biochemical and molecular analysis of five Chinese patients with Sandhoff disease.Metab Brain Dis. 2016 Aug;31(4):861-7. doi: 10.1007/s11011-016-9819-9. Epub 2016 Mar 28.
30 Integrative omics data analyses of repeated dose toxicity of valproic acid in vitro reveal new mechanisms of steatosis induction. Toxicology. 2018 Jan 15;393:160-170.
31 Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
32 Systems analysis of transcriptome and proteome in retinoic acid/arsenic trioxide-induced cell differentiation/apoptosis of promyelocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 May 24;102(21):7653-8.
33 Physiological and toxicological transcriptome changes in HepG2 cells exposed to copper. Physiol Genomics. 2009 Aug 7;38(3):386-401.
34 Comparison of phenotypic and transcriptomic effects of false-positive genotoxins, true genotoxins and non-genotoxins using HepG2 cells. Mutagenesis. 2011 Sep;26(5):593-604.
35 Single-cell Transcriptome Mapping Identifies Common and Cell-type Specific Genes Affected by Acute Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Humans. Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 26;10(1):3450. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59827-1.
36 A transcriptomics-based in vitro assay for predicting chemical genotoxicity in vivo. Carcinogenesis. 2012 Jul;33(7):1421-9.
37 Self-assembled 3D spheroids and hollow-fibre bioreactors improve MSC-derived hepatocyte-like cell maturation in vitro. Arch Toxicol. 2017 Apr;91(4):1815-1832.
38 Hematopoietically expressed homeobox is a target gene of farnesoid X receptor in chenodeoxycholic acid-induced liver hypertrophy. Hepatology. 2009 Mar;49(3):979-88. doi: 10.1002/hep.22712.
39 A transcriptome-based classifier to identify developmental toxicants by stem cell testing: design, validation and optimization for histone deacetylase inhibitors. Arch Toxicol. 2015 Sep;89(9):1599-618.
40 Air pollution and DNA methylation alterations in lung cancer: A systematic and comparative study. Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 3;8(1):1369-1391. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13622.
41 Endoplasmic reticulum stress and MAPK signaling pathway activation underlie leflunomide-induced toxicity in HepG2 Cells. Toxicology. 2017 Dec 1;392:11-21.
42 Comprehensive analysis of transcriptomic changes induced by low and high doses of bisphenol A in HepG2 spheroids in vitro and rat liver in vivo. Environ Res. 2019 Jun;173:124-134. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.035. Epub 2019 Mar 18.
43 From transient transcriptome responses to disturbed neurodevelopment: role of histone acetylation and methylation as epigenetic switch between reversible and irreversible drug effects. Arch Toxicol. 2014 Jul;88(7):1451-68.
44 Transcriptome and DNA methylation changes modulated by sulforaphane induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA damage, and suppression of proliferation in human liver cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020 Feb;136:111047. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111047. Epub 2019 Dec 12.
45 Gene expression profiling of 30 cancer cell lines predicts resistance towards 11 anticancer drugs at clinically achieved concentrations. Int J Cancer. 2006 Apr 1;118(7):1699-712. doi: 10.1002/ijc.21570.