Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISMFOEI)

• Disease Name: Keratitis
• Synonyms: inflammation of cornea; cornea inflammation
• Definition: A corneal disease that is characterized by inflammation of the cornea.
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DISWD40R: Disease
  DISTUIM1: Corneal disease
  DIS184KT: Skin inflammation
  DISMFOEI: Keratitis
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0003085
  MESH ID: D007634
  UMLS CUI: C0022568
  MedGen ID: 44013
  HPO ID: HP:0000491
  SNOMED CT ID: 5888003

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 7 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Bacitracin	DM5OHYE	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]
Cortisone Acetate	DMG8K57	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
Dexamethasone	DMMWZET	Approved	Small molecular drug	[3]
Framycetin	DMF8DNE	Approved	Small molecular drug	[4]
Hydrocortisone	DMGEMB7	Approved	Small molecular drug	[5]
Polymyxin B Sulfate	DMN0LP8	Approved	Small molecular drug	[6]
Prednisolone	DMQ8FR2	Approved	Small molecular drug	[7]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 7 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
GJB6	TTAU8SJ	Limited	Genetic Variation	[8]
NLRP3	TT4EN8X	Limited	Biomarker	[9]
CNTF	TTGEM5Q	moderate	Biomarker	[10]
GJB2	TTRGZX3	Strong	Altered Expression	[11]
OLR1	TTKSND3	Strong	Biomarker	[12]
TLR2	TTY7ZHS	Strong	Altered Expression	[13]
TSLP	TTHMW3T	Definitive	Biomarker	[13]

This Disease Is Related to 1 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
SMOX	DEOH5V3	moderate	Biomarker	[14]

This Disease Is Related to 20 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
AQP6	OTXS6UYY	Limited	Biomarker	[15]
KIF22	OTY6X6BL	Limited	Biomarker	[15]
PAX6	OTOC9876	Limited	Genetic Variation	[16]
TAT	OT2CJ91O	Limited	Biomarker	[17]
HERC5	OTZ5PR39	moderate	Altered Expression	[18]
IL17RC	OTEFOBSS	moderate	Biomarker	[19]
IL36RN	OT5CO95A	moderate	Biomarker	[20]
IPP	OTCGBS3H	moderate	Biomarker	[21]
NLRC4	OTAIA3NA	moderate	Biomarker	[22]
NLRP12	OTGR132Z	moderate	Biomarker	[23]
NUDT11	OTFDXJA1	moderate	Biomarker	[24]
PANX1	OTXPEDOK	moderate	Biomarker	[25]
POLR2B	OTS3F0H2	moderate	Biomarker	[26]
SIGIRR	OTNC3XFD	moderate	Biomarker	[27]
CLEC4E	OT7P8ICY	Strong	Altered Expression	[28]
CLEC7A	OTRTBH27	Strong	Biomarker	[12]
NLRC3	OTWLLFFN	Strong	Biomarker	[29]
SUMF2	OT37I8JL	Strong	Biomarker	[30]
TP63	OT0WOOKQ	Strong	Genetic Variation	[31]
TRIM8	OTS6JFR0	Strong	Biomarker	[32]

References

• [1] Bacitracin FDA Label
• [2] Cortisone acetate FDA Label
• [3] Dexamethasone FDA Label
• [4] Bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clinical characteristics of bacterial keratitis in dogs presenting to referral practice in Australia. Vet Ophthalmol. 2016 Sep;19(5):418-26.
• [5] Hydrocortisone FDA Label
• [6] Polymyxin B Sulfate FDA Label
• [7] Prednisolone FDA Label
• [8] Phenotypic variability in gap junction syndromic skin disorders: experience from KID and Clouston syndromes' clinical diagnostics.J Appl Genet. 2015 Aug;56(3):329-37. doi: 10.1007/s13353-014-0266-1. Epub 2015 Jan 10.
• [9] Pro-inflammatory role of NLRP3 inflammasome in experimental sterile corneal inflammation.Sci Rep. 2019 Jul 3;9(1):9596. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46116-9.
• [10] Corneal alterations in Crisponi/CISS1 syndrome: A slit-lamp biomicroscopy and in vivo confocal microscopy corneal report.Ophthalmic Genet. 2017 Jan-Feb;38(1):83-87. doi: 10.3109/13816810.2015.1137326. Epub 2016 Apr 7.
• [11] The connexin26 human mutation N14K disrupts cytosolic intersubunit interactions and promotes channel opening.J Gen Physiol. 2019 Mar 4;151(3):328-341. doi: 10.1085/jgp.201812219. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
• [12] Wnt5a contributes to dectin-1 and LOX-1 induced host inflammatory response signature in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.Cell Signal. 2018 Dec;52:103-111. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.020. Epub 2018 Aug 31.
• [13] Interactions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin with TLR2 and TLR4 regulate anti-fungal innate immunity in Aspergillus fumigatus-induced corneal infection.Exp Eye Res. 2019 May;182:19-29. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.02.020. Epub 2019 Mar 8.
• [14] Cytotoxic clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified during the Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial show elevated resistance to fluoroquinolones.BMC Ophthalmol. 2014 Apr 24;14:54. doi: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-54.
• [15] Design and Characterization of a Human Monoclonal Antibody that Modulates Mutant Connexin 26 Hemichannels Implicated in Deafness and Skin Disorders.Front Mol Neurosci. 2017 Sep 22;10:298. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00298. eCollection 2017.
• [16] Microphthalmia, late onset keratitis, and iris coloboma/aniridia in a family with a novel PAX6 mutation.Ophthalmic Genet. 2012 Jun;33(2):119-21. doi: 10.3109/13816810.2011.642452. Epub 2011 Dec 15.
• [17] A cationic peptide, TAT-Cd, inhibits herpes simplex virus type 1 ocular infection in vivo.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Feb 5;54(2):1070-9. doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-10250.
• [18] ISG15 in Host Defense Against Candida albicans Infection in a Mouse Model of Fungal Keratitis.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017 Jun 1;58(7):2948-2958. doi: 10.1167/iovs.17-21476.
• [19] IL-17 Promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis in C57BL/6 Mouse Corneas.J Immunol. 2020 Jan 1;204(1):169-179. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900736. Epub 2019 Nov 25.
• [20] Opposing Effects of IL-1Ra and IL-36Ra on Innate Immune Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in C57BL/6 Mouse Corneas.J Immunol. 2018 Jul 15;201(2):688-699. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800046. Epub 2018 Jun 11.
• [21] Expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.Int J Ophthalmol. 2019 May 18;12(5):711-716. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2019.05.03. eCollection 2019.
• [22] NLRC4 regulates caspase-1 and IL-1beta production in a CD11blowLy6Glow population of cells required for resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis.PLoS One. 2017 Sep 29;12(9):e0185718. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185718. eCollection 2017.
• [23] NLRP12 promotes host resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis inflammatory responses through the negative regulation of NF-B signaling.Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Dec;22(23):8063-8075. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201812_16496.
• [24] Topical tacrolimus solution in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome-1-associated keratitis.Br J Ophthalmol. 2017 Sep;101(9):1230-1233. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309808. Epub 2017 Jan 30.
• [25] Pannexin 1 Channels Contribute to IL-1 Expression via NLRP3/Caspase-1 Inflammasome in Aspergillus Fumigatus Keratitis.Curr Eye Res. 2019 Jul;44(7):716-725. doi: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1584321. Epub 2019 Mar 29.
• [26] Phylogenetic diversity and microsphere array-based genotyping of human pathogenic Fusaria, including isolates from the multistate contact lens-associated U.S. keratitis outbreaks of 2005 and 2006.J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Jul;45(7):2235-48. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00533-07. Epub 2007 May 16.
• [27] SIGIRR promotes resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis by down-regulating type-1 immunity and IL-1R1 and TLR4 signaling.J Immunol. 2006 Jul 1;177(1):548-56. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.1.548.
• [28] The role of Mincle in innate immune to fungal keratitis.J Infect Dev Ctries. 2017 Jan 30;11(1):89-97. doi: 10.3855/jidc.7570.
• [29] NLRC3 promotes host resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis by promoting the degradation of IRAK1.Int J Mol Med. 2017 Sep;40(3):898-906. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3077. Epub 2017 Jul 20.
• [30] Intraclonal genetic diversity amongst cystic fibrosis and keratitis isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.J Med Microbiol. 2013 Feb;62(Pt 2):208-216. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.048272-0. Epub 2012 Oct 25.
• [31] Novel and recurrent tyrosine aminotransferase gene mutations in tyrosinemia type II.Hum Genet. 1998 Mar;102(3):305-13. doi: 10.1007/s004390050696.
• [32] Tripartite Motif 8 (TRIM8) Positively Regulates Pro-inflammatory Responses in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Keratitis Through Promoting K63-Linked Polyubiquitination of TAK1 Protein.Inflammation. 2017 Apr;40(2):454-463. doi: 10.1007/s10753-016-0491-3.