Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISX5S53)

• Disease Name: Toxic shock syndrome
• Synonyms: staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome; toxic shock syndrome, (TSS); toxic shock syndrome; toxic shock; syndrome (TSS), toxic shock; shock syndrome (TSS), toxic; bacterial toxic-shock syndrome; bacterial TSS; TSS, toxic shock syndrome; TSS
• Disease Class: 1B52: Toxic shock syndrome
• Definition: A rare acute life-threatening systemic bacterial noncontagious illness caused by exotoxins from bacteria of either the Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus type. It is characterized by high fever, hypotension, rash, multi-organ dysfunction, and cutaneous desquamation during the early convalescent period. The toxins affect the host immune system, causing an exuberant and pathological host inflammatory response. Laboratory findings include leukocytosis, elevated prothrombin time, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, and pyuria.
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DISJJ0OF: Commensal bacterial infectious disease
  DIS6SVEE: Syndromic disease
  DISX5S53: Toxic shock syndrome
• ICD Code:
  ICD-11: ICD-11: 1B52
  ICD-10: ICD-10: A48.3
  Expand ICD-11: '1B52
  Expand ICD-10: 'A48.3
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0001881
  MESH ID: D012772
  UMLS CUI: C0600327
  MedGen ID: 109414
  Orphanet ID: 36234
  SNOMED CT ID: 18504008

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
STEBVax	DMFDRNJ	Phase 1	NA	[1]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 12 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
RAB7A	TTF6WAQ	Disputed	Biomarker	[2]
AQP1	TTSF1KH	Strong	Biomarker	[3]
C5AR1	TTHXFA1	Strong	Biomarker	[4]
TNF	TTF8CQI	Strong	Altered Expression	[5]
ADM	TTV14YH	Definitive	Biomarker	[6]
CCKBR	TTVFO0U	Definitive	Biomarker	[7]
ELANE	TTPLTSQ	Definitive	Therapeutic	[8]
MC2R	TTPWFDX	Definitive	Biomarker	[9]
MIF	TT6804T	Definitive	Biomarker	[10]
NOS2	TTF10I9	Definitive	Biomarker	[11]
SELL	TT2IYXF	Definitive	Biomarker	[12]
TBXA2R	TT2O84V	Definitive	Therapeutic	[13]

This Disease Is Related to 1 DTP Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTP ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
SLC9A6	DTN0JXW	Strong	Biomarker	[14]

This Disease Is Related to 1 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
GSTO2	DEHMPZR	Strong	Biomarker	[15]

This Disease Is Related to 13 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
LAMA2	OTFROQWE	Disputed	Biomarker	[16]
MAVS	OTTQ0J64	Disputed	Biomarker	[14]
OXA1L	OTS0BFRD	Disputed	Biomarker	[17]
RAB1B	OTAFCUAS	Disputed	Biomarker	[2]
RAB7B	OT60A0E9	Disputed	Biomarker	[2]
SAG	OTDNS3ZQ	Disputed	Biomarker	[18]
SUMF2	OT37I8JL	Disputed	Biomarker	[19]
SYN1	OTMNPWC1	Disputed	Altered Expression	[20]
GC	OTWS63BY	Strong	Biomarker	[21]
HLA-DRA	OT7KZMP2	Strong	Biomarker	[22]
SETBP1	OTKGCOSR	Strong	Biomarker	[23]
A2M	OTFTX90K	Definitive	Therapeutic	[24]
ENO2	OTRODL0T	Definitive	Biomarker	[25]

References

• [1] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
• [2] Staphylococcus aureus Alpha-Toxin Induces the Formation of Dynamic Tubules Labeled with LC3 within Host Cells in a Rab7 and Rab1b-Dependent Manner.Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017 Oct 4;7:431. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00431. eCollection 2017.
• [3] Induced expression and functional effects of aquaporin-1 in human leukocytes in sepsis.Crit Care. 2013 Sep 12;17(5):R199. doi: 10.1186/cc12893.
• [4] Disruption of the C5a receptor gene increases resistance to acute Gram-negative bacteremia and endotoxic shock: opposing roles of C3a and C5a.Mol Immunol. 2008 Apr;45(7):1907-15. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.10.037. Epub 2007 Dec 11.
• [5] The use of etanercept for treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis when toxic shock syndrome is in the differential.Dermatol Ther. 2018 Sep;31(5):e12684. doi: 10.1111/dth.12684. Epub 2018 Sep 2.
• [6] Adrenomedullin reduces vascular hyperpermeability and improves survival in rat septic shock.Intensive Care Med. 2007 Apr;33(4):703-10. doi: 10.1007/s00134-007-0561-y. Epub 2007 Feb 22.
• [7] Cholecystokinin octapeptide improves cardiac function by activating cholecystokinin octapeptide receptor in endotoxic shock rats.World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jun 14;11(22):3405-10. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i22.3405.
• [8] Role of neutrophil elastase in development of pulmonary vascular injury and septic shock in rats.Shock. 2008 Oct;30(4):379-87. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0b013e3181673e2c.
• [9] Metallothionein and zinc metabolism in endotoxin shock rats.Experientia Suppl. 1987;52:587-94. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-6784-9_61.
• [10] Lung-derived macrophage migration inhibitory factor in sepsis induces cardio-circulatory depression.Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2007 Feb;8(1):29-40. doi: 10.1089/sur.2006.031.
• [11] Effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on macro- and microcirculation in a model of rat endotoxic shock.Thromb Haemost. 2006 Apr;95(4):720-7.
• [12] GYY4137, a novel hydrogen sulfide-releasing molecule, protects against endotoxic shock in the rat.Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Jul 1;47(1):103-13. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.04.014. Epub 2009 Apr 15.
• [13] Protective effects of BAY U 3405, a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, in endotoxin shock.Pharmacol Res. 1994 Aug-Sep;30(2):137-51. doi: 10.1016/1043-6618(94)80005-7.
• [14] The effects of iclaprim on exotoxin production in methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.J Med Microbiol. 2019 Mar;68(3):456-466. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000929. Epub 2019 Jan 24.
• [15] Structure, function and disease relevance of Omega-class glutathione transferases.Arch Toxicol. 2016 May;90(5):1049-67. doi: 10.1007/s00204-016-1691-1. Epub 2016 Mar 18.
• [16] Staphylococcal Superantigens Use LAMA2 as a Coreceptor To Activate T Cells.J Immunol. 2018 Feb 15;200(4):1471-1479. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701212. Epub 2018 Jan 15.
• [17] Preliminary investigation of human serum albumin-V inhibition on toxic shock syndrome induced by staphylococcus enterotoxin B in vitro and in vivo.Toxicon. 2016 Apr;113:55-9. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.01.050. Epub 2016 Jan 12.
• [18] Staphylococcus aureus express unique superantigens depending on the tissue source.J Infect Dis. 2003 Jan 1;187(1):77-86. doi: 10.1086/345874. Epub 2002 Dec 13.
• [19] Antimicrobial resistance profiling and molecular typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a Malaysian teaching hospital.J Med Microbiol. 2016 Dec;65(12):1476-1481. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000387. Epub 2016 Nov 7.
• [20] Total Saikosaponins of Bupleurum yinchowense reduces depressive, anxiety-like behavior and increases synaptic proteins expression in chronic corticosterine-treated mice.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Apr 2;18(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2186-9.
• [21] Comparison of rocket and crossed immuno-electrophoresis assays for determination of the level of actin complexing of Gc globulin.Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2007;67(7):767-77. doi: 10.1080/00365510701326909.
• [22] Human leucocyte antigen (HLA-DR) gene expression is reduced in sepsis and correlates with impaired TNF response: A diagnostic tool for immunosuppression?.PLoS One. 2017 Aug 3;12(8):e0182427. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182427. eCollection 2017.
• [23] Staphylococcal Superantigens Stimulate Epithelial Cells through CD40 To Produce Chemokines.mBio. 2019 Mar 19;10(2):e00214-19. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00214-19.
• [24] Alpha 2 macroglobulin of the rat, an acute phase protein, mitigates the early course of endotoxin shock.Br J Exp Pathol. 1986 Jun;67(3):313-9.
• [25] [Changes of serum neuron specific enolase in rats with septic shock].Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2006 Aug;44(8):583-6.