General Information of Drug Off-Target (DOT) (ID: OTISPT4X)

DOT Name Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1)
Gene Name SP1
UniProt ID
SP1_HUMAN
3D Structure
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2D Sequence (FASTA)
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3D Structure (PDB)
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PDB ID
1SP1; 1SP2; 1VA1; 1VA2; 1VA3; 6PV0; 6PV1; 6PV2; 6PV3; 6UCO; 6UCP
Pfam ID
PF00096
Sequence
MSDQDHSMDEMTAVVKIEKGVGGNNGGNGNGGGAFSQARSSSTGSSSSTGGGGQESQPSP
LALLAATCSRIESPNENSNNSQGPSQSGGTGELDLTATQLSQGANGWQIISSSSGATPTS
KEQSGSSTNGSNGSESSKNRTVSGGQYVVAAAPNLQNQQVLTGLPGVMPNIQYQVIPQFQ
TVDGQQLQFAATGAQVQQDGSGQIQIIPGANQQIITNRGSGGNIIAAMPNLLQQAVPLQG
LANNVLSGQTQYVTNVPVALNGNITLLPVNSVSAATLTPSSQAVTISSSGSQESGSQPVT
SGTTISSASLVSSQASSSSFFTNANSYSTTTTTSNMGIMNFTTSGSSGTNSQGQTPQRVS
GLQGSDALNIQQNQTSGGSLQAGQQKEGEQNQQTQQQQILIQPQLVQGGQALQALQAAPL
SGQTFTTQAISQETLQNLQLQAVPNSGPIIIRTPTVGPNGQVSWQTLQLQNLQVQNPQAQ
TITLAPMQGVSLGQTSSSNTTLTPIASAASIPAGTVTVNAAQLSSMPGLQTINLSALGTS
GIQVHPIQGLPLAIANAPGDHGAQLGLHGAGGDGIHDDTAGGEEGENSPDAQPQAGRRTR
REACTCPYCKDSEGRGSGDPGKKKQHICHIQGCGKVYGKTSHLRAHLRWHTGERPFMCTW
SYCGKRFTRSDELQRHKRTHTGEKKFACPECPKRFMRSDHLSKHIKTHQNKKGGPGVALS
VGTLPLDSGAGSEGSGTATPSALITTNMVAMEAICPEGIARLANSGINVMQVADLQSINI
SGNGF
Function
Transcription factor that can activate or repress transcription in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Binds with high affinity to GC-rich motifs and regulates the expression of a large number of genes involved in a variety of processes such as cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation and immune responses. Highly regulated by post-translational modifications (phosphorylations, sumoylation, proteolytic cleavage, glycosylation and acetylation). Binds also the PDGFR-alpha G-box promoter. May have a role in modulating the cellular response to DNA damage. Implicated in chromatin remodeling. Plays an essential role in the regulation of FE65 gene expression. In complex with ATF7IP, maintains telomerase activity in cancer cells by inducing TERT and TERC gene expression. Isoform 3 is a stronger activator of transcription than isoform 1. Positively regulates the transcription of the core clock component BMAL1. Plays a role in the recruitment of SMARCA4/BRG1 on the c-FOS promoter. Plays a role in protecting cells against oxidative stress following brain injury by regulating the expression of RNF112.
Tissue Specificity Up-regulated in adenocarcinomas of the stomach (at protein level). Isoform 3 is ubiquitously expressed at low levels.
KEGG Pathway
Endocrine resistance (hsa01522 )
Mitophagy - animal (hsa04137 )
TGF-beta sig.ling pathway (hsa04350 )
Estrogen sig.ling pathway (hsa04915 )
Cortisol synthesis and secretion (hsa04927 )
Parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action (hsa04928 )
Cushing syndrome (hsa04934 )
Huntington disease (hsa05016 )
Spinocerebellar ataxia (hsa05017 )
Human cytomegalovirus infection (hsa05163 )
Pathways in cancer (hsa05200 )
Transcriptio.l misregulation in cancer (hsa05202 )
Breast cancer (hsa05224 )
Choline metabolism in cancer (hsa05231 )
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (hsa05415 )
Reactome Pathway
SMAD2/SMAD3 (R-HSA-2173796 )
Activation of gene expression by SREBF (SREBP) (R-HSA-2426168 )
Oncogene Induced Senescence (R-HSA-2559585 )
RNA polymerase II transcribes snRNA genes (R-HSA-6807505 )
Estrogen-dependent gene expression (R-HSA-9018519 )
SARS-CoV-1 targets host intracellular signalling and regulatory pathways (R-HSA-9735871 )
Regulation of CDH11 gene transcription (R-HSA-9762293 )
NFE2L2 regulating tumorigenic genes (R-HSA-9818030 )
PPARA activates gene expression (R-HSA-1989781 )

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DOT

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This DOT
This DOT Affected the Drug Response of 1 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Fructose DM43AN2 Approved Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1) increases the Metabolism and nutrition disorders ADR of Fructose. [51]
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55 Drug(s) Affected the Gene/Protein Processing of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Valproate DMCFE9I Approved Valproate decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [1]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Approved Tretinoin increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [2]
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Approved Doxorubicin decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [3]
Cupric Sulfate DMP0NFQ Approved Cupric Sulfate decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [4]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Approved Cisplatin increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [5]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Approved Estradiol decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [6]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Approved Quercetin decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [7]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Approved Arsenic trioxide decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [8]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Approved Hydrogen peroxide decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [8]
Decitabine DMQL8XJ Approved Decitabine increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [9]
Zoledronate DMIXC7G Approved Zoledronate increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [10]
Demecolcine DMCZQGK Approved Demecolcine decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [11]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Approved Troglitazone decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [12]
Rosiglitazone DMILWZR Approved Rosiglitazone decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [12]
Irinotecan DMP6SC2 Approved Irinotecan decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [14]
Ethinyl estradiol DMODJ40 Approved Ethinyl estradiol increases the activity of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [15]
Azacitidine DMTA5OE Approved Azacitidine decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [16]
Daunorubicin DMQUSBT Approved Daunorubicin decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [18]
Acetic Acid, Glacial DM4SJ5Y Approved Acetic Acid, Glacial increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [19]
Thalidomide DM70BU5 Approved Thalidomide decreases the activity of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [20]
Vitamin C DMXJ7O8 Approved Vitamin C decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [21]
Artesunate DMR27C8 Approved Artesunate decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [22]
Glutathione DMAHMT9 Approved Glutathione decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [23]
Penicillamine DM40EF6 Approved Penicillamine increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [5]
Promegestone DMK4S8I Approved Promegestone increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [24]
Plicamycin DM7C8YV Approved Plicamycin decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [25]
Urethane DM7NSI0 Phase 4 Urethane decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [26]
Curcumin DMQPH29 Phase 3 Curcumin decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [28]
Camptothecin DM6CHNJ Phase 3 Camptothecin increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [29]
Coprexa DMA0WEK Phase 3 Coprexa increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [5]
I3C DMIGFOR Phase 3 I3C decreases the activity of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [30]
Genistein DM0JETC Phase 2/3 Genistein increases the activity of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [31]
phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate DMJWD62 Phase 2 phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increases the activity of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [32]
R-roscovitine DMSH108 Phase 2 R-roscovitine increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [33]
Pelitinib DMIW453 Phase 2 Pelitinib decreases the activity of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [34]
UCN-01 DMUNJZB Phase 2 UCN-01 increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [33]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 Phase 1 Benzo(a)pyrene affects the activity of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [35]
Olomoucine DMNAFG1 Terminated Olomoucine increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [33]
Bisphenol A DM2ZLD7 Investigative Bisphenol A increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [6]
Trichostatin A DM9C8NX Investigative Trichostatin A increases the activity of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [38]
methyl p-hydroxybenzoate DMO58UW Investigative methyl p-hydroxybenzoate decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [39]
Glyphosate DM0AFY7 Investigative Glyphosate increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [40]
AHPN DM8G6O4 Investigative AHPN increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [41]
2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO[4,5-B]PYRIDINE DMNQL17 Investigative 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO[4,5-B]PYRIDINE increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [42]
Chlorpyrifos DMKPUI6 Investigative Chlorpyrifos increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [43]
Microcystin-LR DMTMLRN Investigative Microcystin-LR decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [44]
Dibutyl phthalate DMEDGKO Investigative Dibutyl phthalate increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [45]
Cordycepin DM72Y01 Investigative Cordycepin decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [46]
Lead acetate DML0GZ2 Investigative Lead acetate increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [47]
CATECHIN DMY38SB Investigative CATECHIN increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [48]
2-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol DMNXI1E Investigative 2-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [44]
15-deoxy-Delta(12, 14)-prostaglandin J(2) DM8VUX3 Investigative 15-deoxy-Delta(12, 14)-prostaglandin J(2) decreases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [12]
Buthionine sulfoximine DMJ46CB Investigative Buthionine sulfoximine increases the activity of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [49]
Nitrosoglutathione DMZ9WI4 Investigative Nitrosoglutathione increases the activity of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [50]
Bisindolylmaleimide-I DMOQJZC Investigative Bisindolylmaleimide-I increases the expression of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [33]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 55 Drug(s)
5 Drug(s) Affected the Post-Translational Modifications of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Etoposide DMNH3PG Approved Etoposide increases the phosphorylation of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [13]
Resveratrol DM3RWXL Phase 3 Resveratrol decreases the acetylation of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [27]
TAK-243 DM4GKV2 Phase 1 TAK-243 decreases the sumoylation of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [36]
PMID28870136-Compound-52 DMFDERP Patented PMID28870136-Compound-52 affects the phosphorylation of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [37]
Coumarin DM0N8ZM Investigative Coumarin decreases the phosphorylation of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [37]
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1 Drug(s) Affected the Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Capsaicin DMGMF6V Approved Capsaicin increases the localization of Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1). [17]
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References

1 Human embryonic stem cell-derived test systems for developmental neurotoxicity: a transcriptomics approach. Arch Toxicol. 2013 Jan;87(1):123-43.
2 Phenotypic characterization of retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by transcriptional profiling. PLoS One. 2013 May 28;8(5):e63862.
3 Bringing in vitro analysis closer to in vivo: studying doxorubicin toxicity and associated mechanisms in 3D human microtissues with PBPK-based dose modelling. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Sep 15;294:184-192.
4 Specificity protein 1 (sp1) oscillation is involved in copper homeostasis maintenance by regulating human high-affinity copper transporter 1 expression. Mol Pharmacol. 2012 Mar;81(3):455-64. doi: 10.1124/mol.111.076422. Epub 2011 Dec 15.
5 Mechanistic basis for overcoming platinum resistance using copper chelating agents. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Nov;11(11):2483-94. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0580. Epub 2012 Aug 21.
6 Prediction of the combined effects of multiple estrogenic chemicals on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and a preliminary molecular exploration of the estrogenic proliferative effects and related gene expression. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Sep 30;160:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.025. Epub 2018 May 21.
7 Quercetin augments TRAIL-induced apoptotic death: involvement of the ERK signal transduction pathway. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 May 15;75(10):1946-58. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.02.016. Epub 2008 Mar 10.
8 Arsenic trioxide downregulates specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors and inhibits bladder cancer cell and tumor growth. Exp Cell Res. 2010 Aug 1;316(13):2174-88. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.04.027. Epub 2010 May 8.
9 Silencing of the CKII alpha and CKII alpha' genes during cellular senescence is mediated by DNA methylation. Gene. 2009 Feb 15;431(1-2):55-60. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.020. Epub 2008 Nov 6.
10 The proapoptotic effect of zoledronic acid is independent of either the bone microenvironment or the intrinsic resistance to bortezomib of myeloma cells and is enhanced by the combination with arsenic trioxide. Exp Hematol. 2011 Jan;39(1):55-65.
11 Characterization of formaldehyde's genotoxic mode of action by gene expression analysis in TK6 cells. Arch Toxicol. 2013 Nov;87(11):1999-2012.
12 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands suppress fibronectin gene expression in human lung carcinoma cells: involvement of both CRE and Sp1. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2005 Sep;289(3):L419-28. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00002.2005. Epub 2005 May 20.
13 DNA topoisomerase inhibitor, etoposide, enhances GC-box-dependent promoter activity via Sp1 phosphorylation. Cancer Sci. 2007 Jun;98(6):858-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00476.x. Epub 2007 Apr 18.
14 Clinical determinants of response to irinotecan-based therapy derived from cell line models. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Oct 15;14(20):6647-55.
15 Differential effect of estrogen receptor alpha and beta agonists on the receptor for advanced glycation end product expression in human microvascular endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Sep 30;1745(3):300-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2005.03.012. Epub 2005 Apr 12.
16 The effect of DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine on human endometrial stromal cells. Hum Reprod. 2010 Nov;25(11):2859-69.
17 Capsaicin sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis through Sp1-mediated DR5 up-regulation: involvement of Ca(2+) influx. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Feb 15;259(1):87-95. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.010. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
18 CREB/Sp1-mediated MCL1 expression and NFB-mediated ABCB1 expression modulate the cytotoxicity of daunorubicin in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2022 Jan 15;435:115847. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115847. Epub 2021 Dec 25.
19 Regulation of the high-affinity copper transporter (hCtr1) expression by cisplatin and heavy metals. J Biol Inorg Chem. 2014 Jan;19(1):17-27. doi: 10.1007/s00775-013-1051-z. Epub 2013 Oct 17.
20 Thalidomide and a thalidomide analogue inhibit endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. J Neurooncol. 1999 Jun;43(2):109-14. doi: 10.1023/a:1006202700039.
21 Pharmacologic doses of ascorbic acid repress specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors and Sp-regulated genes in colon cancer cells. Nutr Cancer. 2011;63(7):1133-42. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2011.605984. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
22 Combination treatment of malignant B cells using the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab and the anti-malarial artesunate. Int J Oncol. 2009 Jul;35(1):149-58.
23 Elevated GSH level increases cadmium resistance through down-regulation of Sp1-dependent expression of the cadmium transporter ZIP8. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Sep;74(3):823-33. doi: 10.1124/mol.108.046862. Epub 2008 Jun 12.
24 SP1 and SP3 mediate progesterone-dependent induction of the 17beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene in human endometrium. Biol Reprod. 2006 Oct;75(4):605-14.
25 The activity of a novel mithramycin analog is related to its binding to DNA, cellular accumulation, and inhibition of Sp1-driven gene transcription. Chem Biol Interact. 2014 Aug 5;219:123-32. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.05.019. Epub 2014 Jun 4.
26 Ethyl carbamate induces cell death through its effects on multiple metabolic pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2017 Nov 1;277:21-32.
27 Resveratrol Represses Pokemon Expression in Human Glioma Cells. Mol Neurobiol. 2016 Mar;53(2):1266-1278. doi: 10.1007/s12035-014-9081-2. Epub 2015 Jan 27.
28 Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) alters the expression profiles of microRNAs in human pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008 Mar;7(3):464-73. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-2272.
29 Camptothecin induces c-Myc- and Sp1-mediated hTERT expression in LNCaP cells: Involvement of reactive oxygen species and PI3K/Akt. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 May;127:53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.001. Epub 2019 Mar 6.
30 Molecular targets and anticancer potential of indole-3-carbinol and its derivatives. Cell Cycle. 2005 Sep;4(9):1201-15. doi: 10.4161/cc.4.9.1993. Epub 2005 Sep 6.
31 Phytoestrogens regulate transcription and translation of vitamin D receptor in colon cancer cells. J Endocrinol. 2006 Nov;191(2):387-98. doi: 10.1677/joe.1.06930.
32 Signal transduction of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced growth inhibition of human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells is reactive oxygen dependent. Leuk Res. 2005 Aug;29(8):863-79. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2004.12.011. Epub 2005 Feb 24.
33 The expression of retinoblastoma and Sp1 is increased by low concentrations of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Eur J Biochem. 2003 Dec;270(24):4809-22. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03874.x.
34 Irreversible EGFR inhibitor EKB-569 targets low-LET -radiation-triggered rel orchestration and potentiates cell death in squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e29705. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029705. Epub 2011 Dec 29.
35 Time series analysis of benzo[A]pyrene-induced transcriptome changes suggests that a network of transcription factors regulates the effects on functional gene sets. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Oct;117(2):381-92. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq214. Epub 2010 Jul 12.
36 Inhibiting ubiquitination causes an accumulation of SUMOylated newly synthesized nuclear proteins at PML bodies. J Biol Chem. 2019 Oct 18;294(42):15218-15234. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.009147. Epub 2019 Jul 8.
37 Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveal cellular responses from caffeine, coumarin and quercetin in treated HepG2 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2022 Aug 15;449:116110. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116110. Epub 2022 Jun 7.
38 Retinoic acids and trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, induce human pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) gene expression. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Mar-Apr;1759(3-4):141-51. doi: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2006.04.005. Epub 2006 Apr 27.
39 Transcriptome dynamics of alternative splicing events revealed early phase of apoptosis induced by methylparaben in H1299 human lung carcinoma cells. Arch Toxicol. 2020 Jan;94(1):127-140. doi: 10.1007/s00204-019-02629-w. Epub 2019 Nov 20.
40 Glyphosate-based herbicides at low doses affect canonical pathways in estrogen positive and negative breast cancer cell lines. PLoS One. 2019 Jul 11;14(7):e0219610. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219610. eCollection 2019.
41 Identification of retinoid-modulated proteins in squamous carcinoma cells using high-throughput immunoblotting. Cancer Res. 2004 Apr 1;64(7):2439-48. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-2643.
42 Intervention of human breast cell carcinogenesis chronically induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. Carcinogenesis. 2012 Apr;33(4):876-85. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgs097. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
43 Paraoxonase enzyme protects retinal pigment epithelium from chlorpyrifos insult. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 30;9(6):e101380. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101380. eCollection 2014.
44 Microcystin-LR inhibits early pregnancy by impairing the vascular network of luteum: Involvement of the MEK/ERK/SP1/VEGFR2 axis. Food Chem Toxicol. 2022 Dec;170:113454. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113454. Epub 2022 Oct 4.
45 Di-n-butyl phthalate promotes monocyte recruitment via miR-137-3p-SP1-MCP-1 pathway. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 May 1;236:113491. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113491. Epub 2022 Apr 6.
46 Cordycepin inhibits the proliferation of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells through the p53/Sp1/tubulin pathway. Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Apr 15;11(4):1247-1266. eCollection 2021.
47 Tolfenamic acid downregulates BACE1 and protects against lead-induced upregulation of Alzheimer's disease related biomarkers. Neuropharmacology. 2014 Apr;79:596-602. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.009. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
48 (-)-Epicatechin rescues the As(2) O(3) -induced HERG K(+) channel deficiency possibly through upregulating transcription factor SP1 expression. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2017 Nov;31(11). doi: 10.1002/jbt.21966. Epub 2017 Aug 2.
49 Sequence-selective DNA binding drugs mithramycin A and chromomycin A3 are potent inhibitors of neuronal apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and DNA damage in cortical neurons. Ann Neurol. 2001 Mar;49(3):345-54.
50 Concentration-dependent effects of endogenous S-nitrosoglutathione on gene regulation by specificity proteins Sp3 and Sp1. Biochem J. 2004 May 15;380(Pt 1):67-74. doi: 10.1042/BJ20031687.
51 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.