General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCEFFNL)

Drug Combination Name
Bleomycin Mechlorethamine
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Invasive ductal carcinoma Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Bleomycin   DMNER5S Mechlorethamine   DM0CVXA
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: HS 578T
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 10.28
Bliss Independence Score: 13.6
Loewe Additivity Score: 8.17
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 13.47

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Bleomycin
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Cervical cancer 2C77.0 Approved [2]
Head and neck cancer 2D42 Approved [2]
Hodgkin lymphoma 2B30 Approved [3]
Penile cancer N.A. Approved [2]
Testicular germ cell tumor N.A. Approved [2]
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma N.A. Investigative [2]
Follicular lymphoma 2A80 Investigative [2]
Bleomycin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA) TTUTN1I NOUNIPROTAC Breaker [11]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bleomycin Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH) DECH1VP BLMH_HUMAN Metabolism [12]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bleomycin Interacts with 41 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH) OT2QPWQJ BLMH_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [13]
Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) OT39TA1L SODC_HUMAN Increases Expression [14]
Catalase (CAT) OTHEBX9R CATA_HUMAN Increases Expression [14]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2) OTIWXGZ9 SODM_HUMAN Increases Expression [14]
Interstitial collagenase (MMP1) OTI4I2V1 MMP1_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF2) OT1M7D28 CSF2_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) OTS7T5VH IL8_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2) OTEJCYMY CXCL2_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) OTJV8O04 MUC5A_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) OTLU00JS HBEGF_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Transmembrane protein 250 (TMEM250) OTLJ4G5G TM250_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) OTWA9KFU SOCS1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [16]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 (CHEK2) OT8ZPCNS CHK2_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [17]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1) OTV5XHVH TGFB1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) OT4IE164 TNFA_HUMAN Increases Expression [18]
Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) OT0DWXXB IL1B_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Fibronectin (FN1) OTB5ZN4Q FINC_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Increases Expression [19]
Interleukin-6 (IL6) OTUOSCCU IL6_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Histone H2AX (H2AX) OT18UX57 H2AX_HUMAN Increases Expression [20]
Cathepsin S (CTSS) OT3PXIPM CATS_HUMAN Increases Expression [21]
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3B) OTL3L14B GSK3B_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [22]
Max-interacting protein 1 (MXI1) OTUQ9E0D MXI1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [7]
Actin, aortic smooth muscle (ACTA2) OTEDLG8E ACTA_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Unconventional myosin-Ie (MYO1E) OTM9YSIZ MYO1E_HUMAN Decreases Expression [7]
Transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TRIM28) OTE38OBF TIF1B_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [17]
Serine-protein kinase ATM (ATM) OTQVOHLT ATM_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [17]
Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A (SMC1A) OT9ZMRK9 SMC1A_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [17]
7SK snRNA methylphosphate capping enzyme (MEPCE) OTRBQEYP MEPCE_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Transmembrane protein 87A (TMEM87A) OT8ATDVX TM87A_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 4B (TENT4B) OTUF6FWW PAPD5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [7]
Lipase member H (LIPH) OTRGYLKL LIPH_HUMAN Decreases Expression [7]
Abasic site processing protein HMCES (HMCES) OTVRDL6U HMCES_HUMAN Decreases Expression [7]
Small integral membrane protein 14 (SMIM14) OT47IF19 SIM14_HUMAN Decreases Expression [7]
Kelch-like protein 42 (KLHL42) OTK6WARI KLH42_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Inactive cell surface hyaluronidase CEMIP2 (CEMIP2) OT9I1XUO CEIP2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [7]
ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1 (ERRFI1) OT7VZ2IZ ERRFI_HUMAN Decreases Expression [7]
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain protein 3 (TMCC3) OTAIQ6V6 TMCC3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [7]
Lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3GAL5) OT27CCUF SIAT9_HUMAN Decreases Expression [7]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2) OTFXFREP BIRC2_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [23]
DNA cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) OTM2DGTK DNMT1_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [24]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 41 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Mechlorethamine
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 2A20.0 Approved [4]
Lung cancer 2C25.0 Approved [4]
Mycosis fungoides 2B01 Approved [4]
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma N.A. Approved [4]
Small lymphocytic lymphoma 2A82.0 Approved [4]
T-cell lymphoma 2A90 Approved [5]
Hodgkin lymphoma 2B30 Phase 3 [6]
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma N.A. Investigative [4]
Mechlorethamine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA) TTUTN1I NOUNIPROTAC Intercalator [27]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mechlorethamine Interacts with 19 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (ERBB2) OTOAUNCK ERBB2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [28]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Decreases Activity [29]
Transcription factor Jun (JUN) OTCYBO6X JUN_HUMAN Increases Expression [30]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) OTW1SC2N CDK1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [31]
Glutathione S-transferase A2 (GSTA2) OTW7UB1H GSTA2_HUMAN Increases Expression [32]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) OTS7T5VH IL8_HUMAN Increases Expression [30]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [33]
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 (CCNB1) OT19S7E5 CCNB1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [31]
Transcription factor JunB (JUNB) OTG2JXV5 JUNB_HUMAN Increases Expression [30]
Transcription factor JunD (JUND) OTNKACJD JUND_HUMAN Increases Expression [30]
Cyclin-A2 (CCNA2) OTPHHYZJ CCNA2_HUMAN Increases Stability [31]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) OTB5DYYZ CDK2_HUMAN Increases Activity [31]
Protein S100-P (S100P) OTJCXNJG S100P_HUMAN Increases Expression [34]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Activity [35]
Caspase-2 (CASP2) OTUDYSPP CASP2_HUMAN Increases Activity [33]
Caspase-9 (CASP9) OTD4RFFG CASP9_HUMAN Increases Activity [33]
Laminin subunit gamma-2 (LAMC2) OTJMTM72 LAMC2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [36]
Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK1) OTDP6ILW BAK_HUMAN Increases Expression [37]
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1) OTRDIR5M TRPA1_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [38]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 19 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication DrugCom ID Cell Line Status REF
Adult acute myeloid leukemia DCGDQWF HL-60(TB) Investigative [39]
Adult T acute lymphoblastic leukemia DCHXEAM MOLT-4 Investigative [39]
Papillary renal cell carcinoma DCE3E1F ACHN Investigative [39]
Colon adenocarcinoma DCWATN3 COLO 205 Investigative [1]
Cutaneous melanoma DC8G39I SK-MEL-5 Investigative [40]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma DCINSSA OVCAR-5 Investigative [40]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma DCF7I2C NCI\\/ADR-RES Investigative [40]
Malignant melanoma DC788O2 LOX IMVI Investigative [40]
Melanoma DCO5CGN UACC-257 Investigative [40]
Mixed endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma DC5K7A8 IGROV1 Investigative [40]
Non-small cell lung carcinoma DC6XOP7 HOP-92 Investigative [40]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 11 DrugCom(s)

References

1 Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.
2 Bleomycin FDA Label
3 Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77.
4 Mechlorethamine FDA Label
5 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
6 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7218).
7 Development and validation of the TGx-HDACi transcriptomic biomarker to detect histone deacetylase inhibitors in human TK6 cells. Arch Toxicol. 2021 May;95(5):1631-1645. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03014-2. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
8 Pulmonary fibrosis model using micro-CT analyzable human PSC-derived alveolar organoids containing alveolar macrophage-like cells. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2022 Aug;38(4):557-575. doi: 10.1007/s10565-022-09698-1. Epub 2022 Mar 10.
9 An antisense oligonucleotide targeted to human Ku86 messenger RNA sensitizes M059K malignant glioma cells to ionizing radiation, bleomycin, and etoposide but not DNA cross-linking agents. Cancer Res. 2002 Oct 15;62(20):5888-96.
10 XRCC1 deficiency sensitizes human lung epithelial cells to genotoxicity by crocidolite asbestos and Libby amphibole. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Dec;118(12):1707-13. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002312. Epub 2010 Aug 11.
11 Bleomycin and talisomycin sequence-specific strand scission of DNA: a mechanism of double-strand cleavage. Cancer Res. 1982 Jul;42(7):2779-85.
12 The C-terminus of human bleomycin hydrolase is required for protection against bleomycin-induced chromosomal damage. Mutat Res. 1998 Oct 12;421(1):1-7.
13 Genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes: role in mutagen sensitivity. Carcinogenesis. 2002 Jun;23(6):1003-8. doi: 10.1093/carcin/23.6.1003.
14 Age-dependent basal level and induction capacity of copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase and other scavenging enzyme activities in leukocytes from young and elderly adults. Am J Pathol. 1993 Jul;143(1):312-20.
15 Agents associated with lung inflammation induce similar responses in NCI-H292 lung epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Oct;22(7):1782-8.
16 Characterization of DNA reactive and non-DNA reactive anticancer drugs by gene expression profiling. Mutat Res. 2007 Jun 1;619(1-2):16-29. doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.12.007. Epub 2007 Feb 8.
17 Direct activation of ATM by resveratrol under oxidizing conditions. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 16;9(6):e97969. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097969. eCollection 2014.
18 Enhanced IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha release and messenger RNA expression in macrophages from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or after asbestos exposure. J Immunol. 1993 May 1;150(9):4188-96.
19 Synergistic anticancer activity of dietary tea polyphenols and bleomycin hydrochloride in human cervical cancer cell: Caspase-dependent and independent apoptotic pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2016 Mar 5;247:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.012. Epub 2016 Jan 29.
20 Distinct mechanisms of cell-kill by triapine and its terminally dimethylated derivative Dp44mT due to a loss or gain of activity of their copper(II) complexes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014 Oct 1;91(3):312-22. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.006. Epub 2014 Aug 15.
21 Radiation-induced cathepsin S is involved in radioresistance. Int J Cancer. 2009 Apr 15;124(8):1794-801. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24095.
22 Bleomycin-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation in human bronchial epithelial cells involves the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. Toxicol Lett. 2009 Jun 22;187(3):194-200. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.02.023. Epub 2009 Mar 13.
23 Expression and prognostic significance of IAP-family genes in human cancers and myeloid leukemias. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 May;6(5):1796-803.
24 DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine induces reversible genome-wide DNA damage that is distinctly influenced by DNA methyltransferases 1 and 3B. Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Jan;28(2):752-71. doi: 10.1128/MCB.01799-07. Epub 2007 Nov 8.
25 Thioredoxin Cross-Linking by Nitrogen Mustard in Lung Epithelial Cells: Formation of Multimeric Thioredoxin/Thioredoxin Reductase Complexes and Inhibition of Disulfide Reduction. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 Nov 16;28(11):2091-103. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00194. Epub 2015 Oct 19.
26 Cross-linking of thioredoxin reductase by the sulfur mustard analogue mechlorethamine (methylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine) in human lung epithelial cells and rat lung: selective inhibition of disulfide reduction but not redox cycling. Chem Res Toxicol. 2014 Jan 21;27(1):61-75. doi: 10.1021/tx400329a. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
27 Proteomic analysis of DNA-protein cross-linking by antitumor nitrogen mustards. Chem Res Toxicol. 2009 Jun;22(6):1151-62.
28 Down-regulation of HER-2 expression in human breast cancer cell HBC-4 and ZR75-1 by nitrogen-mustard-N-oxide. Kobe J Med Sci. 2007;53(4):135-42.
29 Nitrogen Mustard Alkylates and Cross-Links p53 in Human Keratinocytes. Chem Res Toxicol. 2022 Apr 18;35(4):636-650. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00420. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
30 Nitrogen mustard prevents transport of Fra-1 into the nucleus to promote c-Fos- and FosB-dependent IL-8 induction in injured mouse epidermis. Toxicol Lett. 2020 Feb 1;319:256-263. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.006. Epub 2019 Oct 19.
31 G2 delay induced by nitrogen mustard in human cells affects cyclin A/cdk2 and cyclin B1/cdc2-kinase complexes differently. J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 15;268(11):8298-308.
32 Overexpression of GSTA2 protects against cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by the DNA inter-strand crosslinking nitrogen mustard, mechlorethamine. J Cell Biochem. 2005 May 15;95(2):339-51. doi: 10.1002/jcb.20440.
33 Inhibition of caspase-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition protects airway epithelial cells against mustard-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2006 Sep;11(9):1545-59. doi: 10.1007/s10495-006-8764-1.
34 S100P is selectively upregulated in tumor cell lines challenged with DNA cross-linking agents. Leuk Res. 2005 Oct;29(10):1181-90. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.03.012.
35 Ebselen reduces the toxicity of mechlorethamine in A-431 cells via inhibition of apoptosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2013 Jun;27(6):313-22. doi: 10.1002/jbt.21490. Epub 2013 May 6.
36 Histopathologic and immunohistochemical features in human skin after exposure to nitrogen and sulfur mustard. Am J Dermatopathol. 1998 Feb;20(1):22-8. doi: 10.1097/00000372-199802000-00005.
37 Increased expression of VDAC1 sensitizes carcinoma cells to apoptosis induced by DNA cross-linking agents. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 May 1;83(9):1172-82. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.017. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
38 Activation of the human TRPA1 channel by different alkylating sulfur and nitrogen mustards and structurally related chemotherapeutic drugs. Toxicol Lett. 2023 Mar 1;376:51-59. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.01.007. Epub 2023 Jan 21.
39 Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
40 Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.