Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Interaction Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DM6AVR4)

• Drug Name: Hydroquinone Drug Info
• Synonyms: hydroquinone; 1,4-benzenediol; Benzene-1,4-diol; 123-31-9; 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene; Quinol; p-Benzenediol; p-Hydroxyphenol; p-Hydroquinone; 4-Hydroxyphenol; Eldoquin; Benzoquinol; p-Dihydroxybenzene; hydroquinol; Eldopaque; Phiaquin; p-Dioxybenzene; Hydroquinole; Dihydroquinone; Tecquinol; Idrochinone; Benzohydroquinone; Tequinol; Hidroquinone; Arctuvin; Dihydroxybenzene; Solaquin forte; Derma-Blanch; Tenox HQ; Hydrochinone; Hydrochinon; Artra; Eldoquin Forte; Eldopaque Forte; Diak 5; Benzene, p-dihydroxy-; 1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol; Usaf ek-356; Accutin

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Melasma	ED60.1	Approved	[1]

• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 785
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:17594
  CAS Number: CAS 123-31-9
  TTD Drug ID: DM6AVR4
  INTEDE Drug ID: DR0835

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Solid tumour/cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[6]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Premature labour	JB00	Approved	[7]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[8]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[9]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Pain	MG30-MG3Z	Approved	[10]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[11]
Etoposide	DMNH3PG	Solid tumour/cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[12]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[13]
Prasterone	DM67VKL	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Approved	[7]
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[14]

Drug(s) Metabolized By Fumarate reductase flavoprotein (frdA)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Fumarate	DM9VLS2	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[5]

Drug(s) Targeting Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor (GPIIb/IIIa)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Eptifibatide	DMQXTJS	Acute cardiac ischemic events	BA40.Z	Approved	[15]
Tirofiban	DMQG17S	Acute coronary syndrome	BA41	Approved	[16]
Abciximab	DMJO6GV	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[16]
DMP-444	DMO7BQS	Coronary artery disease	BA80	Phase 3	[17]
99mTc-rBitistatin	DMFAMNH	Embolism	JB42	Phase 1/2	[18]
AjvW2	DM6PN4H	Thrombosis	DB61-GB90	Phase 1	[19]
SDZ-GPI-562	DMU9ZGN	Thrombosis	DB61-GB90	Phase 1	[20]
RGD-891	DMVJMF1	Thrombosis	DB61-GB90	Phase 1	[21]
Lefradafiban	DMKZVLH	Angina pectoris	BA40	Phase 1	[22]
XEMILOFIBAN	DMBRYT8	Cardiovascular disease	BA00-BE2Z	Discontinued in Phase 3	[23]

Drug(s) Targeting Tyrosinase (TYR)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Monobenzone	DMVJS2K	Vitiligo	ED63.0	Approved	[3]
Multi-epitope peptide melanoma vaccine	DMZPEHY	Melanoma	2C30	Phase 3	[24]
Melanoma vaccine	DMQEC6Z	Melanoma	2C30	Phase 3	[25]
Polynoma-1	DM3QDA6	Melanoma	2C30	Phase 2	[26]
MKC-1106-MT	DMXKOW6	Melanoma	2C30	Phase 2	[27]
Multi-epitope tyrosinase/gp100 vaccine	DMN68ZL	Melanoma	2C30	Phase 2	[28]
PMID29130358-Compound-Figure11(3)	DMSME2B	N. A.	N. A.	Patented	[29]
Benzothiazole analog 1	DMHXFCQ	Albinism	EC23.2	Patented	[30]
Monoamine derivative 2	DMAZ6DI	Albinism	EC23.2	Patented	[30]
Benzimidazole derivative 3	DMY93WG	Albinism	EC23.2	Patented	[30]

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor (GPIIb/IIIa)	TT38RM1	ITA2B_HUMAN; ITB3_HUMAN	Antagonist	[2]
Tyrosinase (TYR)	TTULVH8	TYRO_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[3]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[4]
Fumarate reductase flavoprotein (frdA)	DEQUXZ5	FRDA_WOLSU	Substrate	[5]

References

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• [2] Accutin, a new disintegrin, inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo by acting as integrin alphavbeta3 antagonist and inducing apoptosis. Blood. 1998 Nov 1;92(9):3268-76.
• [3] Identification of an Alkylhydroquinone from Rhus succedanea as an Inhibitor of Tyrosinase and Melanogenesis. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Mar 25;57(6):2200-5.
• [4] Metabolism of (S)-5,6-difluoro-4-cyclopropylethynyl-4-trifluoromethyl-3, 4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinazolinone, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, in human liver microsomes. Metabolic activation and enzyme kinetics. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Jan;31(1):122-32.
• [5] Wolinella succinogenes quinol:fumarate reductase and its comparison to E. coli succinate:quinone reductase. FEBS Lett. 2003 Nov 27;555(1):21-8.
• [6] Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
• [7] Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
• [8] Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75.
• [9] Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):263-9.
• [10] Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
• [11] Potent mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 by imatinib explains its liability to interact with CYP3A4 substrates. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2787-98.
• [12] Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
• [13] The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver microsomes in vitro: formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):267-76.
• [14] Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
• [15] Barbourin. A GPIIb-IIIa-specific integrin antagonist from the venom of Sistrurus m. barbouri. J Biol Chem. 1991 May 25;266(15):9359-62.
• [16] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [17] Evaluation of Tc-99m-labeled glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist DMP444 SPECT in patients with infective endocarditis. Clin Nucl Med. 2003 Jun;28(6):480-4.
• [18] Platelet binding and biodistribution of [99mTc]rBitistatin in animal species and humans. Nucl Med Biol. 2007 Oct;34(7):855-63.
• [19] Novel approaches to the treatment of thrombosis. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2002 Jan;23(1):25-32.
• [20] Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: the role of platelet activation and therapeutic implications. Semin Thromb Hemost. 1999;25 Suppl 1:67-75.
• [21] Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of a platelet GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, RGD891, following intravenous administration in healthy male volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Nov;40(11):1245-56.
• [22] Pharmacodynamics and safety of lefradafiban, an oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, in patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing elective angioplasty. Heart. 2001 Apr;85(4):444-50.
• [23] Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor number and occupancy during chronic administration of an oral antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Nov;295(2):670-6.
• [24] Safety and immunogenicity of vaccination with MART-1 (26-35, 27L), gp100 (209-217, 210M), and tyrosinase (368-376, 370D) in-adjuvant with PF-3512676 and GM-CSF in metastatic melanoma. Correction in: volume 35 on page 650.
• [25] National Cancer Institute Drug Dictionary (drug id 685201).
• [26] An immuno-oncology company developing a novel polyvalent antigen therapy for the treatment of melanoma. Polynoma. 2015.
• [27] Interpreting expression profiles of cancers by genome-wide survey of breadth of expression in normal tissues. Genomics 2005 Aug;86(2):127-41.
• [28] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00003362) Vaccine Therapy Plus Immune Adjuvants in Treating Patients With Advanced Melanoma. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [29] Gelatinase inhibitors: a patent review (2011-2017).Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2018 Jan;28(1):31-46.
• [30] Tyrosinase inhibitors: a patent review (2011-2015).Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2016;26(3):347-62.