General Information of Drug (ID: DM5IXKQ)

Drug Name
Vismodegib Drug Info
Synonyms
879085-55-9; GDC-0449; Erivedge; 2-chloro-N-(4-chloro-3-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; Vismodegib (GDC-0449); HhAntag691; GDC0449; GDC 0449; UNII-25X868M3DS; CHEMBL473417; CHEBI:66903; 25X868M3DS; NSC755986; AK-77261; 2-chloro-N-[4-chloro-3-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl]-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; C19H14Cl2N2O3S; 2-chloro-N-(4-chloro-3-pyridin-2-ylphenyl)-4-methylsulfonylbenzamide; 2-chloro-n-(4-chloro-3-(2-pyridinyl)phenyl)-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide; Erivedge (TN); Vismodegib (SHH inhibitor); Gdc-0449
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Basal cell carcinoma 2C32 Approved [1]
Primitive neuroectodermal tumour medulloblastoma 2A00.11 Phase 2 [2]
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
24776445
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:66903
CAS Number
CAS 879085-55-9
TTD Drug ID
DM5IXKQ
VARIDT Drug ID
DR00234
INTEDE Drug ID
DR1698
ACDINA Drug ID
D00730

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DME
DOT
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Patented Agent(s)
Investigative Drug(s)
Drug(s) Targeting Smoothened homolog (SMO)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
PF-04449913 DMSB068 Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia 2A40 Approved [7]
LDE225 DMM9F25 Basal cell carcinoma 2C32 Phase 2 [8]
LY2940680 DMTJWIQ Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Phase 1/2 [7]
BMS-833923 DM459Q7 Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Phase 1b [9]
LEQ-506 DM5INZP Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Phase 1 [10]
TAK-441 DM7DFBL Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Phase 1 [11]
PMID25726713-Compound-49 DM2CT4G N. A. N. A. Patented [12]
PMID25726713-Compound-51 DMF0OW4 N. A. N. A. Patented [12]
PMID25726713-Compound-48 DMSIOUA N. A. N. A. Patented [12]
PMID25726713-Compound-47 DMXE5KM N. A. N. A. Patented [12]
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Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [13]
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [14]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [15]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [16]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [17]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [18]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [19]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [20]
Prasterone DM67VKL Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [14]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [21]
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Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [22]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [23]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [24]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [25]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [26]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [25]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [27]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [28]
Estrone DM5T6US Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [29]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [30]
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Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [31]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [32]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [33]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [34]
Bupropion DM5PCS7 Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [35]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [36]
Thalidomide DM70BU5 Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma Approved [37]
Acocantherin DM7JT24 Atrial fibrillation BC81.3 Approved [38]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [39]
Cantharidin DMBP5N3 Molluscum contagiosum infection 1E76 Approved [40]
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Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [41]
Gemcitabine DMSE3I7 Anterior urethra cancer Approved [42]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [43]
Bepridil DM0RKS4 Chronic/stable angina BA40.1 Approved [44]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [45]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [46]
Colchicine DM2POTE Acute gout flare FA25.0 Approved [41]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [47]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [48]
Dactinomycin DM2YGNW Adult kidney Wilms tumor Approved [47]
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Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [49]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [50]
Tofacitinib DMBS370 Rheumatoid arthritis FA20 Approved [51]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [52]
Cupric Sulfate DMP0NFQ Fungal infection 1F29-1F2F Approved [53]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [54]
Arsenic DMTL2Y1 N. A. N. A. Approved [55]
Fluorouracil DMUM7HZ Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [56]
Resveratrol DM3RWXL Giant cell arteritis 4A44.2 Phase 3 [57]
(+)-JQ1 DM1CZSJ Testicular cancer 2C80 Phase 1 [58]
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Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [59]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [60]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [61]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [49]
Marinol DM70IK5 Anorexia nervosa cachexia 6B80 Approved [62]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [63]
Temozolomide DMKECZD Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [64]
Dexamethasone DMMWZET Acute adrenal insufficiency Approved [65]
Decitabine DMQL8XJ Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [66]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [54]
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Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Sevoflurane DMC9O43 Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [67]
Docetaxel DMDI269 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [68]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [69]
Gemcitabine DMSE3I7 Anterior urethra cancer Approved [70]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [71]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [72]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [73]
Mechlorethamine DM0CVXA Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 2A20.0 Approved [74]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [75]
Beta-carotene DM0RXBT Vitamin deficiency 5B55-5B71 Approved [76]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [77]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [61]
Panobinostat DM58WKG Chronic graft versus host disease Approved [78]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [79]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [50]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [63]
Folic Acid DMEMBJC Colorectal carcinoma Approved [80]
Zoledronate DMIXC7G Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [81]
Dasatinib DMJV2EK Blast phase chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive Approved [82]
Temozolomide DMKECZD Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [64]
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Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Beta-carotene DM0RXBT Vitamin deficiency 5B55-5B71 Approved [83]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [84]
Nitric Oxide DM1RBYG Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [85]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [86]
Epinephrine DM3KJBC Acute asthma CA23 Approved [87]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [88]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [89]
Fructose DM43AN2 Vomiting MD90 Approved [90]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [83]
Cyclophosphamide DM4O2Z7 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [91]
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Drug(s) Affected By Caspase-3 (CASP3)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Sevoflurane DMC9O43 Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [92]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [93]
Lovastatin DM9OZWQ Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [94]
Cidofovir DMA13GD Cytomegalovirus infection 1D82 Approved [95]
Docetaxel DMDI269 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [96]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [97]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [98]
Mannitol DMSCDY9 Bronchiectasis CA24 Approved [99]
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [100]
Aprepitant DM053KT Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [101]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [102]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [32]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [49]
Marinol DM70IK5 Anorexia nervosa cachexia 6B80 Approved [62]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [63]
Ethanol DMDRQZU Chronic pain MG30 Approved [103]
Azathioprine DMMZSXQ Lupus nephritis 4A40.0Y Approved [104]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [54]
Gemcitabine DMSE3I7 Anterior urethra cancer Approved [105]
Arsenic DMTL2Y1 N. A. N. A. Approved [106]
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Drug(s) Affected By Protein smoothened (SMO)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [72]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [60]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [107]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Arthritis FA20 Approved [108]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [109]
Temozolomide DMKECZD Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [64]
Dexamethasone DMMWZET Acute adrenal insufficiency Approved [65]
Cupric Sulfate DMP0NFQ Fungal infection 1F29-1F2F Approved [53]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [54]
Gemcitabine DMSE3I7 Anterior urethra cancer Approved [110]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Ethanol DMDRQZU Chronic pain MG30 Approved [103]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 N. A. N. A. Phase 1 [111]
bisphenol A DM2ZLD7 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [77]
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [112]
Marinol DM70IK5 Anorexia nervosa cachexia 6B80 Approved [62]
Cupric Sulfate DMP0NFQ Fungal infection 1F29-1F2F Approved [53]
Arsenic DMTL2Y1 N. A. N. A. Approved [113]
Fluorouracil DMUM7HZ Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [56]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [114]
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [115]
Urethane DM7NSI0 N. A. N. A. Phase 4 [116]
LDE225 DMM9F25 Basal cell carcinoma 2C32 Phase 2 [6]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 N. A. N. A. Phase 1 [111]
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Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [117]
Pantothenic acid DM091H2 Vitamin deficiency 5B55-5B71 Approved [118]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [119]
Isotretinoin DM4QTBN Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [120]
Panobinostat DM58WKG Chronic graft versus host disease Approved [78]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [121]
LY2835219 DM93VBZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [122]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [109]
Emetine DMCT2YF Hepatitis virus infection 1E50-1E51 Approved [123]
Menthol DMG2KW7 Back pain ME84.Z Approved [124]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Smoothened homolog (SMO) TT8J1S3 SMO_HUMAN Modulator [3]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) Main DME DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Substrate [4]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) Main DME DE5IED8 CP2C9_HUMAN Substrate [4]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes [5]
N-myc proto-oncogene protein (MYCN) OTWD33K1 MYCN_HUMAN Drug Response [6]
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) OTDJXUCN PGFRA_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
Protein patched homolog 1 (PTCH1) OTMG07H5 PTC1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
Protein patched homolog 2 (PTCH2) OTOQ0K9V PTC2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
Protein smoothened (SMO) OTXXE208 SMO_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
Suppressor of fused homolog (SUFU) OT0IRYG1 SUFU_HUMAN Drug Response [6]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (TNFRSF10A) OTBPCU2O TR10A_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B) OTA1CPBV TR10B_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]

References

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17 Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
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24 Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98.
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31 Functional gene expression profile underlying methotrexate-induced senescence in human colon cancer cells. Tumour Biol. 2011 Oct;32(5):965-76.
32 Comparison of phenotypic and transcriptomic effects of false-positive genotoxins, true genotoxins and non-genotoxins using HepG2 cells. Mutagenesis. 2011 Sep;26(5):593-604.
33 Effects of ciglitazone and troglitazone on the proliferation of human stomach cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jan 21;15(3):310-20.
34 Transforming growth factor-beta1 inhibits all-trans retinoic acid-induced apoptosis. Leuk Res. 2006 May;30(5):607-23. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.09.007. Epub 2005 Oct 19.
35 Bupropion, an atypical antidepressant, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase-dependent cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicology. 2011 Jul 11;285(1-2):1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.02.006. Epub 2011 Feb 24.
36 Effects of arsenic trioxide alone and in combination with bortezomib in multiple myeloma RPMI 8266 cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(11):6469-73. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6469.
37 Stimulation of erythropoiesis by thalidomide in multiple myeloma patients: its influence on FasL, TRAIL and their receptors on erythroblasts. Haematologica. 2006 Mar;91(3):386-9.
38 Ouabain induces apoptotic cell death in human prostate DU 145 cancer cells through DNA damage and TRAIL pathways. Environ Toxicol. 2019 Dec;34(12):1329-1339. doi: 10.1002/tox.22834. Epub 2019 Aug 21.
39 Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
40 Anticancer effects of cantharidin in A431 human skin cancer (Epidermoid carcinoma) cells in vitro and in vivo. Environ Toxicol. 2017 Mar;32(3):723-738. doi: 10.1002/tox.22273. Epub 2016 Apr 25.
41 Utilization of CDKN1A/p21 gene for class discrimination of DNA damage-induced clastogenicity. Toxicology. 2014 Jan 6;315:8-16. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.10.009. Epub 2013 Nov 6.
42 Regulation of DR-5 protein and mitochondrial transmembrane potential by gemcitabine, a possible mechanism of gemcitabine-enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Oncol Rep. 2007 Sep;18(3):523-9.
43 Cannabidiol Modulates the Immunophenotype and Inhibits the Activation of the Inflammasome in Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Physiol. 2016 Nov 24;7:559. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00559. eCollection 2016.
44 Amiodarone sensitizes human glioma cells but not astrocytes to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via CHOP-mediated DR5 upregulation. Neuro Oncol. 2011 Mar;13(3):267-79. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noq195. Epub 2011 Feb 3.
45 Novel functional view of the crocidolite asbestos-treated A549 human lung epithelial transcriptome reveals an intricate network of pathways with opposing functions. BMC Genomics. 2008 Aug 7;9:376.
46 Death receptor 5 regulation during selenium-mediated apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther. 2002 May-Jun;1(3):287-90. doi: 10.4161/cbt.83.
47 Death receptor regulation and celecoxib-induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Dec 1;96(23):1769-80. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djh322.
48 Global molecular effects of tocilizumab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Jan;66(1):15-23.
49 Arsenic trioxide prevents osteosarcoma growth by inhibition of GLI transcription via DNA damage accumulation. PLoS One. 2013 Jul 8;8(7):e69466. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069466. Print 2013.
50 Integrative "-Omics" analysis in primary human hepatocytes unravels persistent mechanisms of cyclosporine A-induced cholestasis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2016 Dec 19;29(12):2164-2174.
51 White-to-brown metabolic conversion of human adipocytes by JAK inhibition. Nat Cell Biol. 2015 Jan;17(1):57-67. doi: 10.1038/ncb3075. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
52 The neuroprotective action of the mood stabilizing drugs lithium chloride and sodium valproate is mediated through the up-regulation of the homeodomain protein Six1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Feb 15;235(1):124-34.
53 Physiological and toxicological transcriptome changes in HepG2 cells exposed to copper. Physiol Genomics. 2009 Aug 7;38(3):386-401.
54 Activation of AIFM2 enhances apoptosis of human lung cancer cells undergoing toxicological stress. Toxicol Lett. 2016 Sep 6;258:227-236.
55 The aquaglyceroporin AQP9 contributes to the sex-specific effects of in utero arsenic exposure on placental gene expression. Environ Health. 2017 Jun 14;16(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12940-017-0267-8.
56 Down-regulation of Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway activity is involved in 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis and motility inhibition in Hep3B cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2008 Sep;40(9):819-29.
57 Sonic hedgehog signaling regulates Bcr-Abl expression in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2012 Jul;66(5):378-83. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2011.12.008. Epub 2012 Feb 16.
58 CCAT1 is an enhancer-templated RNA that predicts BET sensitivity in colorectal cancer. J Clin Invest. 2016 Feb;126(2):639-52.
59 Selenium and vitamin E: cell type- and intervention-specific tissue effects in prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Mar 4;101(5):306-20.
60 Quercetin suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression via inhibition of SHH and TGF-/Smad signaling pathways. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2021 Jun;37(3):479-496. doi: 10.1007/s10565-020-09562-0. Epub 2020 Oct 17.
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