Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMQJHR7)

• Drug Name: Indacaterol
• Synonyms: 312753-06-3; QAB149; Arcapta; Onbrez; QAB-149; QAB 149; UNII-8OR09251MQ; 753498-25-8; CHEMBL1095777; CHEBI:68575; 8OR09251MQ; (R)-5-(2-(5,6-diethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one; 5-[(1R)-2-[(5,6-diethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)amino]-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-2-one; Indacaterol Maleic Acid Salt; Indacaterol (USAN/INN); Indacaterol [USAN:INN:BAN]; 5-{(1R)-2-[(5,6-diethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)amino]-1-hydroxyethyl}-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one; QAB-149; 5-(2-(5,6-Diethylindan-2-ylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl)-8-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-2-one; Indacaterol/mometasone

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Approved	[1]
Asthma	CA23	Phase 4	[2]

• Affected Organisms: Humans and other mammals
• ATC Code:
  R03AC18: Indacaterol
  R03AC: Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists
  R03A: ADRENERGICS, INHALANTS
  R03: DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES
  R: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Drug Type: Small molecular drug
• #Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0:
  Molecular Weight (mw); 392.5
  Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp); 3.3
  Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds); 6
  Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor); 4
  Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc); 4
• ADMET Property:
  Clearance: The renal clearance of drug is 0.46-1.2 L/h []
  Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 45.5 - 126 hours [3]
  Unbound Fraction: The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.05% [3]
  Vd: The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 2,361-2,557 L []
• Chemical Identifiers:
  Formula: C24H28N2O3
  IUPAC Name: 5-[(1R)-2-[(5,6-diethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)amino]-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-2-one
  Canonical SMILES: CCC1=C(C=C2CC(CC2=C1)NC[C@@H](C3=C4C=CC(=O)NC4=C(C=C3)O)O)CC
  InChI: InChI=1S/C24H28N2O3/c1-3-14-9-16-11-18(12-17(16)10-15(14)4-2)25-13-22(28)19-5-7-21(27)24-20(19)6-8-23(29)26-24/h5-10,18,22,25,27-28H,3-4,11-13H2,1-2H3,(H,26,29)/t22-/m0/s1
  InChIKey: QZZUEBNBZAPZLX-QFIPXVFZSA-N
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 6918554
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:68575
  CAS Number: 312753-06-3
  UNII: 8OR09251MQ
  DrugBank ID: DB05039
  TTD ID: D03DJL
  VARIDT ID: DR00064
  INTEDE ID: DR0867
  ACDINA ID: D00326
• Repurposed Drugs (RPD): Click to Jump to the Detailed RPD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Adrenergic receptor beta-2 (ADRB2)	TT2CJVK	ADRB2_HUMAN	Agonist	[4]

Drug Transporter (DTP)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTT79CX	S22A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[5]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[6]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) Main DME	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) Main DME	DEYGVN4	UD11_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2)	OTSDOX4Q	ADRB2_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

• ICD Disease Classification: 12 Disease of the respiratory system
• Disease Class: ICD-11: CA23 Asthma
• The Studied Tissue: Lung tissue
• The Studied Disease: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ICD-11:CA23]

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Adrenergic receptor beta-2 (ADRB2)	DTT	ADRB2	4.88E-01	-0.05	-0.12
Adrenergic receptor beta-2 (ADRB2)	DTT	ADRB2	7.10E-01	0.06	0.09
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTP	P-GP	1.24E-01	-4.12E-01	-4.68E-01
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTP	P-GP	3.00E-02	-1.09E-02	-7.37E-02
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTP	SLC22A1	1.48E-01	6.33E-02	3.20E-01
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTP	SLC22A1	1.74E-02	1.21E-01	4.40E-01
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)	DME	UGT1A1	8.29E-01	-5.44E-03	-2.25E-02
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)	DME	UGT1A1	4.23E-03	9.31E-02	4.30E-01
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DME	CYP3A4	2.13E-01	4.03E-02	2.50E-01
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DME	CYP3A4	8.21E-02	8.17E-02	4.35E-01

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Indacaterol (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Sarecycline	DMLZNIQ	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Sarecycline .	Acne vulgaris [ED80]	[9]
Methylene blue	DMJAPE7	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Indacaterol and Methylene blue.	Acquired methaemoglobinaemia [3A93]	[10]
Midostaurin	DMI6E0R	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Midostaurin.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[11]
Arn-509	DMT81LZ	Moderate	Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Indacaterol and Arn-509.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[11]
Gilteritinib	DMTI0ZO	Moderate	Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Indacaterol and Gilteritinib.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[11]
Oliceridine	DM6MDCF	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Oliceridine.	Acute pain [MG31]	[11]
Ivabradine	DM0L594	Moderate	Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Indacaterol and Ivabradine.	Angina pectoris [BA40]	[11]
Bedaquiline	DM3906J	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Bedaquiline.	Antimicrobial drug resistance [MG50-MG52]	[11]
Droxidopa	DM5YF4M	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Indacaterol and Droxidopa.	Autonomic nervous system disorder [8D87]	[12]
Troleandomycin	DMUZNIG	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by Troleandomycin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[9]
Erdafitinib	DMI782S	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Erdafitinib.	Bladder cancer [2C94]	[13]
Pexidartinib	DMS2J0Z	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by Pexidartinib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Bone/articular cartilage neoplasm [2F7B]	[14]
Eribulin	DM1DX4Q	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Eribulin.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[11]
HKI-272	DM6QOVN	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by HKI-272.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[9]
Tucatinib	DMBESUA	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Tucatinib.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[9]
Palbociclib	DMD7L94	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by Palbociclib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[9]
Alpelisib	DMEXMYK	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Alpelisib.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[9]
Bosutinib	DMTI8YE	Moderate	Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Indacaterol and Bosutinib.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[11]
PF-04449913	DMSB068	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and PF-04449913.	Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia [2A40]	[11]
Levomilnacipran	DMV26S8	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Indacaterol and Levomilnacipran.	Chronic pain [MG30]	[15]
Ulipristal	DMBNI20	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Ulipristal.	Contraceptive management [QA21]	[9]
Pasireotide	DMHM7JS	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Pasireotide.	Cushing syndrome [5A70]	[11]
Osilodrostat	DMIJC9X	Moderate	Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Indacaterol and Osilodrostat.	Cushing syndrome [5A70]	[11]
Ivacaftor	DMZC1HS	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by Ivacaftor mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Cystic fibrosis [CA25]	[9]
MK-8228	DMOB58Q	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by MK-8228.	Cytomegaloviral disease [1D82]	[9]
Desvenlafaxine	DMHD4PE	Moderate	Increased risk of rapid heart rate by the combination of Indacaterol and Desvenlafaxine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[15]
Deutetrabenazine	DMUPFLI	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Deutetrabenazine.	Dystonic disorder [8A02]	[11]
Stiripentol	DMMSDOY	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by Stiripentol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[9]
Boceprevir	DMBSHMF	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by Boceprevir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51]	[9]
Telaprevir	DMMRV29	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by Telaprevir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51]	[9]
Daclatasvir	DMSFK9V	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Daclatasvir.	Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51]	[9]
GS-5885	DMSL3DX	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by GS-5885.	Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51]	[9]
Fostemsavir	DM50ILT	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Fostemsavir.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[11]
Cobicistat	DM6L4H2	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Cobicistat.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[9]
BMS-201038	DMQTAGO	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by BMS-201038 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[9]
Tolvaptan	DMIWFRL	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by Tolvaptan mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Hypo-osmolality/hyponatraemia [5C72]	[9]
Berotralstat	DMWA2DZ	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Berotralstat.	Innate/adaptive immunodeficiency [4A00]	[9]
Suvorexant	DM0E6S3	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Suvorexant.	Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z]	[9]
Crizotinib	DM4F29C	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Crizotinib.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[11]
Brigatinib	DM7W94S	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Brigatinib.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[9]
Ceritinib	DMB920Z	Moderate	Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Indacaterol and Ceritinib.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[11]
Osimertinib	DMRJLAT	Moderate	Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Indacaterol and Osimertinib.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[11]
Capmatinib	DMYCXKL	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Capmatinib.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[9]
Selpercatinib	DMZR15V	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Selpercatinib.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[11]
Lumefantrine	DM29GAD	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Lumefantrine.	Malaria [1F40-1F45]	[9]
Idelalisib	DM602WT	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by Idelalisib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82]	[9]
GDC-0199	DMH0QKA	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by GDC-0199.	Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82]	[9]
IPI-145	DMWA24P	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by IPI-145 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82]	[9]
Ponatinib	DMYGJQO	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Ponatinib.	Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85]	[9]
Vemurafenib	DM62UG5	Moderate	Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Indacaterol and Vemurafenib.	Melanoma [2C30]	[11]
LGX818	DMNQXV8	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and LGX818.	Melanoma [2C30]	[11]
Lasmiditan	DMXLVDT	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Lasmiditan.	Migraine [8A80]	[16]
Panobinostat	DM58WKG	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Panobinostat.	Multiple myeloma [2A83]	[11]
Siponimod	DM2R86O	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Siponimod.	Multiple sclerosis [8A40]	[11]
Fingolimod	DM5JVAN	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Fingolimod.	Multiple sclerosis [8A40]	[11]
Ozanimod	DMT6AM2	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Ozanimod.	Multiple sclerosis [8A40]	[17]
Romidepsin	DMT5GNL	Moderate	Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Indacaterol and Romidepsin.	Mycosis fungoides [2B01]	[11]
Fedratinib	DM4ZBK6	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by Fedratinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20]	[9]
Rolapitant	DM8XP26	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Rolapitant.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[9]
Entrectinib	DMMPTLH	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Entrectinib.	Non-small cell lung cancer [2C25]	[11]
Rucaparib	DM9PVX8	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Rucaparib.	Ovarian cancer [2C73]	[11]
Triclabendazole	DMPWGBR	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Triclabendazole.	Parasitic worm infestation [1F90]	[11]
Safinamide	DM0YWJC	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Indacaterol and Safinamide.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[10]
Istradefylline	DM20VSK	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by Istradefylline mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[9]
Pimavanserin	DMR7IVC	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Pimavanserin.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[11]
Abametapir	DM2RX0I	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by Abametapir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Pediculosis [1G00]	[18]
Macimorelin	DMQYJIR	Major	Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Indacaterol and Macimorelin.	Pituitary gland disorder [5A60-5A61]	[19]
Lefamulin	DME6G97	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Lefamulin.	Pneumonia [CA40]	[11]
Lonafarnib	DMGM2Z6	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by Lonafarnib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Premature ageing appearance [LD2B]	[9]
Degarelix	DM3O8QY	Moderate	Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Indacaterol and Degarelix.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[11]
ABIRATERONE	DM8V75C	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and ABIRATERONE.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[11]
Enzalutamide	DMGL19D	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Enzalutamide.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[11]
Relugolix	DMK7IWL	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Relugolix.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[11]
Amisulpride	DMSJVAM	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Amisulpride.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[11]
Asenapine	DMSQZE2	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Asenapine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[11]
Voxelotor	DMCS6M5	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Voxelotor.	Sickle-cell disorder [3A51]	[9]
Larotrectinib	DM26CQR	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Indacaterol caused by Larotrectinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[9]
LEE011	DMMX75K	Major	Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Indacaterol and LEE011.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[20]
Vandetanib	DMRICNP	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Vandetanib.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[11]
Triptorelin	DMTK4LS	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Triptorelin.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[11]
Pitolisant	DM8RFNJ	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Pitolisant.	Somnolence [MG42]	[11]
Telavancin	DM58VQX	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Telavancin.	Staphylococcal/streptococcal disease [1B5Y]	[11]
Fostamatinib	DM6AUHV	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Fostamatinib.	Thrombocytopenia [3B64]	[21]
Lenvatinib	DMB1IU4	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Lenvatinib.	Thyroid cancer [2D10]	[11]
Cabozantinib	DMIYDT4	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Indacaterol and Cabozantinib.	Thyroid cancer [2D10]	[11]
Elagolix	DMB2C0E	Minor	Decreased clearance of Indacaterol due to the transporter inhibition by Elagolix.	Uterine fibroid [2E86]	[9]
Fluticasone	DMGCSVF	Minor	Increased risk of hypokalemia by the combination of Indacaterol and Fluticasone.	Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08]	[22]

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Lactose monohydrate	E00393	104938	Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Indacaterol 0.075 mg powder	0.075 mg	Inhalant Powder	Oral
Indacaterol Maleate eq 75mcg base powder	eq 75mcg base	Powder	Inhalation

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

• [1] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7455).
• [2] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00442351) Efficacy and Tolerability of Maintenance Treatment With Asmanex Twisthaler Versus Placebo in Mild/Moderate Persistent Asthmatics (Study P04654)(TERMINATED). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [3] Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
• [4] Emerging drugs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2009 Mar;14(1):181-94.
• [5] Identification of novel substrates and structure-activity relationship of cellular uptake mediated by human organic cation transporters 1 and 2. J Med Chem. 2013 Sep 26;56(18):7232-42.
• [6] KEGG: new perspectives on genomes, pathways, diseases and drugs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D353-D361. (dg:DG01665)
• [7] Use of indacaterol for the treatment of COPD: a pharmacokinetic evaluation. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2014 Jan;10(1):129-37.
• [8] Development of 3D-QSAR models for predicting the activities of chemicals to stimulate muscle growth via (2)-adrenoceptor. Toxicol In Vitro. 2021 Dec;77:105251. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105251. Epub 2021 Sep 30.
• [9] Product Information. Arcapta Neohaler (indacaterol). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
• [10] Adverse effects and complications of treatment with beta-adrenergic agonist drugs. Committee on drugs, the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 75 (1985): 443-9. [PMID: 2858503]
• [11] Bengtsson B, Fagerstrom PO "Extrapulmonary effects of terbutaline during prolonged administration." Clin Pharmacol Ther 31 (1982): 726-32. [PMID: 7042176]
• [12] Product Information. Northera (droxidopa). Chelsea Therapeutics Inc, Charlotte, NC.
• [13] Product Information. Balversa (erdafitinib). Janssen Products, LP, Horsham, PA.
• [14] Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
• [15] Product Information. Cymbalta (duloxetine). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
• [16] Product Information. Reyvow (lasmiditan). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
• [17] Product Information. Zeposia (ozanimod). Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ.
• [18] Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
• [19] Product Information. Macrilen (macimorelin). Aeterna Zentaris, Charleston, SC.
• [20] Canadian Pharmacists Association.
• [21] Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
• [22] Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA.".