Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCGC3IS)

• Drug Combination Name: Pomalidomide + Idarubicin
• Indication: Glioblastoma?; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Pomalidomide (DMTGBAX): Small molecular drug
  Idarubicin (DMM0XGL): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: T98G
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 26.56
  Bliss Independence Score: 26.56
  Loewe Additivity Score: 13.29
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 13.29

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Pomalidomide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Plasma cell myeloma	2A83.1	Approved	[2]
Systemic sclerosis	4A42	Approved	[3]

Pomalidomide Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Angiogenesis/myeloma cell growth (AMCG)	TTDIBYJ	NOUNIPROTAC	Modulator	[6]

Pomalidomide Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

Pomalidomide Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]

Pomalidomide Interacts with 27 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[10]
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF2)	OT1M7D28	CSF2_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[11]
Interleukin-5 (IL5)	OTAFPSCO	IL5_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[11]
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF3)	OT9GC6TP	CSF3_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[11]
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)	OT4GLCXW	FGFR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[11]
Erythroid transcription factor (GATA1)	OTX1R7O1	GATA1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Transcription factor JunD (JUND)	OTNKACJD	JUND_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Transcription factor PU.1 (SPI1)	OTVCA1D0	SPI1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Interleukin-10 (IL10)	OTIRFRXC	IL10_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[11]
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)	OTSAXDIL	FGFR3_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[12]
Endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 (GATA2)	OTBP2QQ2	GATA2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Rhombotin-2 (LMO2)	OTCC370G	RBTN2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Interleukin-13 (IL13)	OTI4YS3Y	IL13_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[11]
DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-1 (ID1)	OTKGNZN5	ID1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA)	OTOM9OE4	CEBPA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD)	OTNBIPMY	CEBPD_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2 (ID2)	OT0U1D53	ID2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Krueppel-like factor 1 (KLF1)	OT1FK08U	KLF1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein epsilon (CEBPE)	OTKZA25M	CEBPE_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Transcription factor NF-E2 45 kDa subunit (NFE2)	OTLM94BI	NFE2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Zinc finger protein Gfi-1b (GFI1B)	OTRDW8YO	GFI1B_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Zinc finger protein Gfi-1 (GFI1)	OT9HB9H8	GFI1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4)	OTC08PR5	SALL4_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[13]
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)	OTFMJYYE	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[10]
Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2)	OTJBTEH8	CP2J2_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[10]
Protein cereblon (CRBN)	OTXH9MDC	CRBN_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[14]

Indication(s) of Idarubicin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[4]
Acute myeloid leukaemia	2A60	Approved	[5]
Adult acute monocytic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[4]

Idarubicin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2)	TT0IHXV	TOP2A_HUMAN; TOP2B_HUMAN	Modulator	[16]

Idarubicin Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1)	DTSYQGK	MRP1_HUMAN	Substrate	[17]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[18]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[18]

Idarubicin Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[19]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[19]

Idarubicin Interacts with 9 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR1)	OTKLU61J	ESR1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[15]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)	OTC1W6UX	HMOX1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Androgen receptor (AR)	OTUBKAZZ	ANDR_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[15]
Natriuretic peptides B (NPPB)	OTSN2IPY	ANFB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[21]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)	OTHMARHO	PPARG_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[15]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[22]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD)	OTI4WTOP	PPARD_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[15]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[23]
Bile acid receptor (NR1H4)	OTWZLPTB	NR1H4_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[15]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] Pomalidomide FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7348).
• [4] Idarubicin FDA Label
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7083).
• [6] Radium 223 dichloride for prostate cancer treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017 Sep 6;11:2643-2651.
• [7] DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB08910)
• [8] Pomalidomide: evaluation of cytochrome P450 and transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction potential in vitro and in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Feb;55(2):168-78.
• [9] Population pharmacokinetics of pomalidomide. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 May;55(5):563-72.
• [10] Human cytochrome P450 oxidation of 5-hydroxythalidomide and pomalidomide, an amino analogue of thalidomide. Chem Res Toxicol. 2014 Jan 21;27(1):147-56. doi: 10.1021/tx4004215. Epub 2013 Dec 24.
• [11] Immunomodulatory derivative of thalidomide (IMiD CC-4047) induces a shift in lineage commitment by suppressing erythropoiesis and promoting myelopoiesis. Blood. 2005 May 15;105(10):3833-40. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-03-0828. Epub 2004 Aug 3.
• [12] Thalidomide and Its Analogs Differentially Target Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors: Thalidomide Suppresses FGFR Gene Expression while Pomalidomide Dampens FGFR2 Activity. Chem Res Toxicol. 2019 Apr 15;32(4):589-602. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00286. Epub 2019 Mar 15.
• [13] Thalidomide promotes degradation of SALL4, a transcription factor implicated in Duane Radial Ray syndrome. Elife. 2018 Aug 1;7:e38430. doi: 10.7554/eLife.38430.
• [14] A Dual Color Immunohistochemistry Assay for Measurement of Cereblon in Multiple Myeloma Patient Samples. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2016 Nov/Dec;24(10):695-702. doi: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000246.
• [15] Quantitative high-throughput profiling of environmental chemicals and drugs that modulate farnesoid X receptor. Sci Rep. 2014 Sep 26;4:6437. doi: 10.1038/srep06437.
• [16] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [17] Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
• [18] Amonafide L-malate is not a substrate for multidrug resistance proteins in secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2008 Nov;22(11):2110-5.
• [19] In vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions between cytarabine, idarubicin, itraconazole and caspofungin. Hematology. 2004 Jun;9(3):217-21.
• [20] A Quantitative Approach to Screen for Nephrotoxic Compounds In Vitro. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Apr;27(4):1015-28. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2015010060. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
• [21] The use of biochemical markers in cardiotoxicity monitoring in patients treated for leukemia. Neoplasma. 2005;52(5):430-4.
• [22] The induction of apoptosis by daunorubicin and idarubicin in human trisomic and diabetic fibroblasts. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2008;13(2):182-94. doi: 10.2478/s11658-007-0045-7. Epub 2008 Apr 10.
• [23] Refining the human iPSC-cardiomyocyte arrhythmic risk assessment model. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):581-94. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft205. Epub 2013 Sep 19.