Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISJ73BS)

• Disease Name: Syphilis
• Synonyms: Treponema pallidum disease or disorder; Treponema pallidum infectious disease; Treponema pallidum caused disease or disorder; syphilitic chancre
• Definition: A contagious bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. It is a sexually transmitted disorder, although it can also be transmitted from the mother to the fetus in utero. Typically, it is initially manifested with a single sore which heals without treatment. If the infection is left untreated, the initial stage is followed by skin rash and mucous membrane lesions. A late stage follows, which is characterized by damage of the internal organs, including the nervous system.
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DIS8ZVFW: Primary bacterial infectious disease
  DISQM7YB: Treponema infectious disease
  DISEM33Q: Infectious disease
  DISJ73BS: Syphilis
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0005976
  MESH ID: D013587
  UMLS CUI: C0039128
  MedGen ID: 21447
  SNOMED CT ID: 76272004

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 8 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Amphotericin B	DMTAJQE	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]
Demeclocycline	DMZEPFJ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
Doxycycline	DM7ICNU	Approved	Small molecular drug	[3]
Erythromycin	DM4K7GQ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[4]
Fusidic Acid	DMWVCF3	Approved	Small molecular drug	[5]
Minocycline	DMVN5OH	Approved	Small molecular drug	[6]
Oxytetracycline	DMOVH1M	Approved	Small molecular drug	[7]
Tetracycline	DMZA017	Approved	Small molecular drug	[8]

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Benzylpenicillin	DMS9503	Phase 3	Small molecular drug	[9]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 5 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
MANF	TT56RYE	Limited	Genetic Variation	[10]
ACKR1	TTKY2NS	Strong	Biomarker	[11]
KIR2DL3	TTEX3SI	Strong	Biomarker	[12]
POLA1	TTGPJ0U	Strong	Biomarker	[13]
RPGR	TTHBDA9	Strong	Biomarker	[14]

This Disease Is Related to 1 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
AKR1B10	DEP6GT1	Limited	Genetic Variation	[10]

This Disease Is Related to 22 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
ARFRP1	OTP1OV78	Limited	Genetic Variation	[10]
CRISP1	OTDI4B55	Limited	Genetic Variation	[10]
DDX41	OT6KEIHP	Limited	Biomarker	[15]
EXTL3	OT2BRUBN	Limited	Biomarker	[16]
RERE	OT3G4GBZ	Limited	Genetic Variation	[10]
ABCG4	OT2XJIOG	Strong	Biomarker	[17]
ARSI	OTIANNWW	Strong	Biomarker	[18]
COL17A1	OTID5AH2	Strong	Biomarker	[19]
CRX	OTH435SV	Strong	Biomarker	[14]
DCTN3	OTQOSUES	Strong	Biomarker	[20]
DYNC1H1	OTD1KRKO	Strong	Biomarker	[20]
EHD3	OTOKC2G5	Strong	Biomarker	[21]
GYPC	OTOEDR7O	Strong	Biomarker	[11]
KIR2DS4	OT00N6UJ	Strong	Biomarker	[22]
KIR2DS5	OTXLEN11	Strong	Biomarker	[12]
KIR3DS1	OTJWIO4T	Strong	Biomarker	[12]
RNF112	OT0Q9OUQ	Strong	Biomarker	[23]
SAFB	OTGRV2LW	Strong	Biomarker	[24]
SARS1	OTFKXQ1O	Strong	Biomarker	[25]
SARS2	OTU4T99W	Strong	Biomarker	[25]
SSB	OTCCTPBR	Strong	Biomarker	[26]
TPR	OTUBBA4W	Strong	Altered Expression	[27]

References

• [1] Amphotericin B FDA Label
• [2] Demeclocycline FDA Label
• [3] Doxycycline FDA Label
• [4] Erythromycin FDA Label
• [5] Balanoposthitis and Penile Edema: Atypical Manifestations of Primary Syphilis. Sex Transm Dis. 2015 Sep;42(9):524-5.
• [6] Minocycline FDA Label
• [7] Oxytetracycline FDA Label
• [8] Tetracycline FDA Label
• [9] Diagnosis and treatment of syphilis in pregnant women at the services of Primary Care. Cien Saude Colet. 2022 Aug;27(8):3331-3340.
• [10] Multicentre surveillance of prevalence of the 23S rRNA A2058G and A2059G point mutations and molecular subtypes of Treponema pallidum in Taiwan, 2009-2013.Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 Aug;20(8):802-7. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12529. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
• [11] Serodiagnosis of syphilis: antibodies to recombinant Tp0453, Tp92, and Gpd proteins are sensitive and specific indicators of infection by Treponema pallidum.J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Aug;41(8):3668-74. doi: 10.1128/JCM.41.8.3668-3674.2003.
• [12] Human leukocyte antigen-C and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene polymorphisms among patients with syphilis in a Chinese Han population.APMIS. 2012 Oct;120(10):828-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02911.x. Epub 2012 May 7.
• [13] Sensitive detection of Treponema pallidum DNA from the whole blood of patients with syphilis by the nested PCR assay.Emerg Microbes Infect. 2018 May 9;7(1):83. doi: 10.1038/s41426-018-0085-2.
• [14] Rapid diagnostic test for antenatal syphilis screening in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ Open. 2018 Feb 21;8(2):e018132. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018132.
• [15] Prevalence of Treponema pallidum DNA among blood donors with two different serologic tests profiles for syphilis in So Paulo, Brazil.Vox Sang. 2014 May;106(4):376-8. doi: 10.1111/vox.12111.
• [16] Utility of antitreponemal IgM testing in the diagnosis of early and repeat syphilis among HIV-infected and non-infected patients.Int J STD AIDS. 2018 Aug;29(9):890-894. doi: 10.1177/0956462418762849. Epub 2018 Apr 8.
• [17] Crystal stuctures of MglB-2 (TP0684), a topologically variant d-glucose-binding protein from Treponema pallidum, reveal a ligand-induced conformational change.Protein Sci. 2018 Apr;27(4):880-885. doi: 10.1002/pro.3373. Epub 2018 Feb 1.
• [18] Comparison of Manual and Fully Automated AIX1000 Rapid Plasma Reagin Assays for Laboratory Diagnosis of Syphilis.J Clin Microbiol. 2018 Jul 26;56(8):e00214-18. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00214-18. Print 2018 Aug.
• [19] Prevalence of Skin-specific Autoantibodies in HIV-infected Patients and Uninfected Controls.Acta Derm Venereol. 2019 Oct 1;99(11):978-983. doi: 10.2340/00015555-3251.
• [20] A chromosomal Borrelia burgdorferi gene encodes a 22-kilodalton lipoprotein, P22, that is serologically recognized in Lyme disease.J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Apr;32(4):876-83. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.4.876-883.1994.
• [21] Subsequent Sexual Risks Among Men Who Have Sex with Men May Differ by Sex of First Partner and Age at Sexual Debut: A Cross-Sectional Study in Beijing, China.AIDS Behav. 2017 Oct;21(10):2913-2923. doi: 10.1007/s10461-017-1677-x.
• [22] Association of KIR2DS4 and its variant KIR1D with syphilis in a Chinese Han population.Int J Immunogenet. 2012 Apr;39(2):114-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-313X.2011.01063.x. Epub 2011 Dec 1.
• [23] Biologic false-positive serologic tests for syphilis and other serologic abnormalities in autoimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura.Medicine (Baltimore). 1989 Mar;68(2):67-84. doi: 10.1097/00005792-198903000-00001.
• [24] Analysis of the N-terminal region of the 47-kilodalton integral membrane lipoprotein of Treponema pallidum.Infect Immun. 1992 Apr;60(4):1568-76. doi: 10.1128/iai.60.4.1568-1576.1992.
• [25] A short novel about the spread of two important diseases in history: syphilis and SARS.J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2017 APR-JUN;31(2 Suppl. 2):183-186.
• [26] Null alleles of the fourth component of complement and HLA haplotypes in familial systemic lupus erythematosus.Immunogenetics. 1985;21(4):299-311. doi: 10.1007/BF00430796.
• [27] Antibody responses elicited against the Treponema pallidum repeat proteins differ during infection with different isolates of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum.Infect Immun. 2003 Oct;71(10):6054-7. doi: 10.1128/IAI.71.10.6054-6057.2003.